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The Bellicose politics of peaceMcBeth, Renée Erica 27 August 2010 (has links)
Despite its presentation as a pragmatic and universally applicable path to peace, the author argues that liberal peacebuilding offers no clear break from past colonial and imperial relations. Liberal peacebuilding is, in fact, colonial in its attempt to penetrate the markets and political systems of post-conflict countries and restructure economies and political life through the hegemonic imposition of liberal norms, facilitating their integration into global capitalism and a liberal community of states. The “liberal peace” created by this political and economic order often involves violent conditions of assimilation and exclusion. Moreover, the confluence of security and development concerns in the 1990s has set the strategic foundation for the incorporation of locally-driven “civil society” approaches to peacebuilding within statebuilding operations.
In this thesis, the author identifies existing criticisms of peacebuilding, and, drawing on theorists such as Michel Foucault, Partha Chatterjee, David Scott, and Jenny Edkins, initiates a deeper critique that considers the historical context of colonialism, legitimations of violence, the construction of the non-west in categories of development, and the relations of power and knowledge associated with liberal approaches to making peace. The author provides a historical and political overview of wars in Angola, proposing that discourses and practices of international peacebuilding have concealed the continuation of war by other means.
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[en] EXCEPTIONAL ORDER: THE EFFECTS OF AMERICAN EXCEPTIONALISM ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND INTERNATIONAL LAW / [pt] ORDEM EXCEPCIONAL: OS EFEITOS DO EXCEPCIONALISMO ESTADUNIDENSE NA RELAÇÃO ENTRE OS OS ESTADOS UNIDOS E O DIREITO INTERNACIONMYLENA SILVA LUCCIOLA GUEDES 11 April 2024 (has links)
[pt] O conceito de excepcionalismo americano permeou a história dos EUA
e criou uma imagem de um país com um sistema e uma sociedade democráticos
superior, capaz de promover a democracia, os direitos humanos e o Estado de
Direito em nível nacional e internacional. Essa ideia legitimou a liderança dos
EUA na construção de uma ordem liberal internacional. A ascensão ao poder
do Presidente Donald Trump e a atual crise da ordem global contribuíram
para questionar essa ideia e seus pressupostos. Esta dissertação tem dois
objetivos principais: em primeiro lugar, discutir o conceito de excepcionalismo
americano e, em segundo lugar, analisar como o conceito de excepcionalismo
americano afeta a relação entre os Estados Unidos e o Direito Internacional.
Será argumentado que o excepcionalismo pode ser definido como um conceito
e analisado com as lentes teóricas e metodológicas da História Conceitual.
Sem um significado definitivo, o excepcionalismo americano é composto de
diferentes interpretações que variam de acordo com o contexto em que o autor
se situa. Ainda assim, sua importância na história e na identidade americanas
é inquestionável, tornando necessário levar em conta o excepcionalismo ao
tentar entender as ações dos Estados Unidos. Para analisar a relação entre o
excepcionalismo americano e o Direito Internacional, a dissertação se envolverá
com a literatura sobre a Ordem Liberal Internacional, a hegemonia dos EUA
e o multilateralismo. Além disso, será perguntado se a ascensão de Donald
Trump pode ser considerada uma ruptura em duas tradições americanas:
a relação dos Estados Unidos com o Direito Internacional e o uso político
do excepcionalismo. Argumenta-se que, apesar de se distanciar claramente
da tradição excepcionalista, Trump não se desviou da tradição do Direito
Internacional como é comumente percebido. Essa percepção é derivada de seus
discursos radicais, de sua personalidade estrondosa e de seus vínculos com a
extrema direita, mas não se traduz na maioria de suas políticas. / [en] The concept of American exceptionalism has permeated U.S. history
and created an image of a country with better democratic system and society,
able to promote domestically and internationally the democracy, human rights
and the rule of law. This idea has legitimatized U.S. leadership in the
construction of a liberal international order. The rise to power of President
Donald Trump and the current crisis of the global order have contributed
to question this idea and assumptions. This dissertation has two main aims,
firstly, to discuss the concept of American exceptionalism, and secondly to
analyse how the concept of American exceptionalism affects the relationship
between the United States and International Law. It will be argued that
exceptionalism can be defined as a concept and analysed with the theoretical
and methodological lenses of Conceptual History. With no definitive meaning,
American exceptionalism is made of different interpretations that vary across
the context the author was situated in. Still, its importance in American history
and identity is unquestionable, making it necessary to take exceptionalism
into account when trying to understand the United States actions. In order
to analyse the relation of American exceptionalism and International Law,
the dissertation will engage with the literature of International Liberal Order,
U.S. hegemony and multilateralism. Furthermore, it will inquire if the rise
of Donald Trump can be considered a rupture in two American traditions:
the United States relationship with International Law and the political use
of exceptionalism. It is argued that, although clearly distancing himself from
the exceptionalist tradition, Trump did not deviate from International Law
tradition as it is commonly perceived. This perception is derived from his
radical speeches, loud personna and ties to the Far-Right, but do not translate
into most of his policies.
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