<div>This research consists of the development of a new educational tool for calculations of 2D slope stability problems, named PNW-SLOPE. Slope stability has been considered one of the most important topics in geotechnical engineering for many years, so this is a subject which students should build a good background in the university. This program was created in Microsoft Excel with the aid of VBA (Visual Basic for Applications). The use of VBA allowed the creation of a good user interface, therefore those who are using the program can easily follow the instructions to create, analyze the model and check the results. Even though there are many commercial programs with the same application, this research presents a new alternative, more focused on educational purposes. PNW-SLOPE is divided in several modules.The first consists of the geometry definition of the slope. The second module consists of a deterministic slope stability analysis considering limit equilibrium method and the method of slices. The third module consists of a probability analysis considering Monte Carlo simulation. With these two options, users can compare both analysis and understand how important is the consideration of probability analysis in Geotechnical Engineering. This is a pertinent topic nowadays, since reliability analysis is increasingly being incorporated in standards and design codes throughout the world. An additional module was created for rock slope stability problems in which the failure results from sliding on a single planar surface dipping into the excavation. Several examples are presented to demonstrate some of the features of PNW-SLOPE and results are verified with commercial programs such as Geostudio Slope/w and Rocscience Slide 2018.</div>

La presente tesis de investigación fue elaborada con la finalidad de contribuir con el estudio de la construcción de rampas de acceso a excavaciones mediante el análisis de los taludes provisionales sin sostenimiento que garanticen la estabilidad global en el Conglomerado de Lima. Las rampas de acceso son estructuras provisionales cuya construcción no se rige bajo normativas o indicaciones establecidas, además no contempla un estudio, se basa en la experiencia del responsable en obra. La ciudad de Lima se emplaza sobre un suelo gravoso el cual contribuye a que sea posible optimizar el grado de inclinación de los taludes provisionales. El alcance de este trabajo consiste en modelar una rampa de acceso en el conglomerado típico de Lima aplicando las sobrecargas existentes de la maquinaria y realizar un análisis de estabilidad global frente a condiciones estáticas y pseudodinámicas. Mediante la técnica de retroanálisis basándose en el método de Equilibrio Límite en Slide se estimarán los parámetros de resistencia mínimos característicos de la grava de Lima, el parámetro de cohesión y ángulo de fricción. A partir de ello se procederá a la optimización de los taludes, evaluando los diferentes grados de inclinación, y se estimarán las deformaciones producidas en los taludes a través del programa Plaxis, basado en Elementos Finitos. Finalmente se exponen las conclusiones obtenidas de la presente tesis de investigación, además de brindar recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones relacionadas a este tema. / This research thesis was developed with the purpose of contributing to the study of the construction of access ramps to building’s excavations by unsupported provisional slopes analysis to guarantee the global stability factor in the Lima Conglomerate. The access ramps are provisional structures whose construction is not governed by norms or established indications, in addition it does not include a study, it is based on the experience of the person responsible for the work. The city of Lima is located on a gravelly ground which helps to optimize the degree of inclination of the provisional slopes. The scope of this work is to model an access ramp in the typical conglomerate of Lima applying the existing machinery overloads and perform an analysis of global stability against static and pseudodynamic conditions. The minimum resistance parameters characteristic of the Lima gravel, the cohesion parameter and friction angle will be estimated using the retro-analysis technique based on the Limit Equilibrium method in Slide. From this, the slopes will be optimized, evaluating the different degrees of inclination, and the deformations produced in the slopes will be estimated through the Plaxis program, based on Finite Elements. Finally, the conclusions obtained from this research thesis are presented, as well as providing recommendations for future research related to this topic. / Tesis

Thesis regarding the application of the Kinematic Element Method to slope stability analysis in geotechnical engineering. / In this thesis, the effectiveness of the Kinematic Element Method (KEM), developed by Dr. Gussmann at the University of Stuttgart, was evaluated by comparing the solutions with the Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM), specifically the Morgenstern-Price method. The KEM was evaluated using a variety of problems, ranging from homogeneous slopes to retaining walls. The KEM was shown to predict similar potential failure mechanisms and values for the factor of safety (FS) as the Morgenstern-Price method. The FS were generally within the ±6% which is the range of variance for rigorous limit equilibrium methods. A simplified version of KEM (KEMv) was developed based on limit equilibrium formulations. In KEMv, an alternate iterative scheme to determine the FS is proposed, in which boundaries between elements are vertical. The KEMv provided similar values for the factor of safety and interelement forces as Gussmann’s KEM for vertical interelement boundaries given similar element locations. The KEM was assumed by Gussmann to be an upper bound solution. However, given the similarities in the solutions between KEM and KEMv, it may be a limit equilibrium method. The interelement forces from the KEM and KEMv were found to be sensitive to the location of the elements. Elements in the upper part of the slope often had small normal forces relative to shear forces, possibly being negative as well. Sensitivity analysis regarding the number of elements showed that a 5-element solution predicts the appropriate failure mechanism and provides a reasonably accurate FS. In a parametric study, slope geometry and soil properties were varied and comparisons were made between KEM and the Morgenstern-Price method. The KEMv displayed similar trends in factor of safety as the Morgenstern-Price method but predicted slightly larger values. The change in KEM critical slip surfaces with soil properties was consistent with trends predicted by Janbu’s dimensionless parameter. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc) / The stability of slopes is a challenging subject in geotechnical engineering. Geotechnical engineers are often interested in the factor of safety (FS), which is a quantitative measure of the stability of a slope. In this thesis, the effectiveness of the Kinematic Element Method (KEM) is evaluated by comparing its solutions to the Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM). The KEM was shown to predict similar potential failure mechanisms and values for the factor of safety. A simplified version of the KEM (KEMv) was developed based on LEM formulations. In KEMv, an alternate iterative scheme to determine the FS is proposed, in which the boundaries between elements are vertical. The KEMv provided similar values for the factor of safety and element forces as Gussmann’s KEM for vertical interelement boundaries. In a parametric study, KEM displayed similar trends in the change in FS and critical slip surface as the LEM.

Main goal of thesis entitled "Landslide remediation design" is - based on acquired knowledge and submitted documents about the problematic of landslides - to determine the causes of the landslides on II. class road between villages Koryčany and Jestřabice and to propose optimal redevelopment.

[pt] O principal objetivo deste trabalho é a aplicação do método dos elementos finitos (MEF) na análise da estabilidade de taludes em solo, para identificação da superfície crítica de deslizamento e cálculo do correspondente fator de segurança. Ainda que o método dos elementos finitos tenha se tornado ferramenta popular para análise de muitos problemas da engenharia geotécnica, existem relativamente poucas aplicações específicas publicadas na literatura sobre estabilidade de taludes. Dois métodos podem ser empregados para a utilização do MEF na área da estabilidade de taludes: o método direto, onde os resultados numéricos são exclusivamente usados para localização da potencial superfície de deslizamento e cálculo do fator de segurança, e o método indireto, onde seus resultados são acoplados a uma técnica para auxiliar a pesquisa da superfície crítica. Comparações entre resultados obtidos pelo método dos elementos finitos e de equilíbrio limite são feitas em vários exemplos numéricos investigados nesta dissertação, comentando-se a aplicabilidade, vantagens e limitações de ambas as metodologias em estudos da estabilidade de taludes em solos. / [en] The main objective of this research is the application of the finite element method (FEM) to analyze the stability of soil slopes, searching the position of the failure slip surface in the soil mass and its corresponding safety factor. The finite element method has become a popular tool for the study of many geotechnical engineering problems but, in the specific area of slope stability analysis, there are relatively few applications reported in the literature. Basically, two methods have evolved for application of the FEM results in slope stability problems: the direct method, that uses the numerical results only for establishing the slip surface and computation of the related safety factor, and the indirect method, where the FEM results are combined with another numerical technique to improve the search process of slip surfaces. Several numerical examples have been studied in this dissertation, making comparisons among the results obtained using the finite element and limit equilibrium methods. The applicability, advantages and shortcomings of both approaches are also discussed. / [es] 1276 El objetivo principal de este trabajo es la aplicación del método de los elementos finitos (MEF) al análisis de estabilidad de taludes de suelo, con el próposito de identificar la superfície crítica de deslizamento y cálculo del correspondiente factor de seguridad. Aunque el método de los elementos finitos se haya convertido en una herramienta popular en el análisis de muchos problemas de la ingeniería geotécnica, existen relativamente pocas aplicaciones específicas publicadas en la literatura sobre la estabilidad de taludes. Dos métodos pueden ser empleados para la utilización del MEF en el área de estabilidad de taludes: el método directo, donde los resultados numéricos son exclusivamente usados para localización de la potencial superficie de deslizamento y el cálculo del factor de seguridad; y el método indirecto, donde los resultados se acoplan a una técnica para auxiliar la investigación de la superficie crítica. Se utilizan varios ejemplos con el fin de comparar los resultados obtenidos por el método de los elementos finitos y por el método de equilibrio límite investigados en esta disertación. Se incluyen comentarios sobre la aplicabilidad, ventajas y limitaciones de ambas metodologías en estudios de la estabilidad de taludes en suelos.

As the main topic this thesis describes the design and evaluation of selected reinforced concrete members of the prefabricated reinforced concrete industrial building with administration at ultimate limit state in accordance with applicable standards. Movable overhead crane with carrying capacity of 50 tons is the main distinction of the industrial hall. Lateral frame whit main structural parts which are roof prestressed girder, load-bearing column supporting the overhead crane and drilled pile transferring loads from the upper construction to the load bearing subsoil, is designed in particular. Furthermore, design of the Gerber beam which forms the slab construction in the administrational part of the building is elaborated. Structural design and evaluation of other structures of the building is not part of this thesis.