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Choices in financing is an important issue when firms need to leverage. With the giant capital concerned, including the capital structure, investment decision-making, and dividend policy etc., it plays a crucial role for a firm's future. Among the foreign literatures, unlike equity offerings or public debt offerings, bank loan financing elicits a significant positive stock price reaction. The lengthy foreign literature on firm financing decisions relies (in parts) on this finding to characterize bank loans as ¡§unique¡¨ or ¡§special¡¨ forms of external finance. During the process of approval for loan, banks will make a great effort on monitoring and verifying the quality of firm¡¦s credit capability. The information banks get makes bank loan as an important way to reducing the information asymmetry between firms and the investigators. We further explore the uniqueness of private lending announcement by examining the short-run and the long-run equity performance of bank borrowers. With single-factor model and Fama-French three-factor model, the loan announcement both caused a positive borrowers returns in the short run and long run overall. But there is no cross-sectional effect in the short run. Although the industry variable elicits a significant positive reaction in the long run, it¡¦s only because of the characteristic of the industry, not the loan announcement effects. We conclude that the loan announcement has no influence on the borrowers return

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Abstract Good credit report items can help credit rating inquirers to evaluate their customers¡¦ credit correctly, and reduce the possibilities of delinquent loans efficiently. However, there are still many items that need to be improved in regards to policies, evaluation items, and methods used by domestic banks. This research is based on the understanding of the credit business of the bank to investigate credit rating by using questionnaires. It has sifted the possible factors, which could cause delinquency loan while making loans, and used the method of factor analysis to understand if there is any difference on understanding possible affective factors of delinquency loan between different bank groups. It is expected to make the theory and practice as mutual proof and provide reference resources to the savants, who are interested in researching the credit business of banks and the credit policy making of the banks. According to the research: I. There are five remarkable factors for understanding from 20 important factors that result delinquency loan on individual credit between the bank groups, which have more or less delinquency loans. The five different factors are: 1. The borrower has no proper occupation and ability to repay a debt. 2. The expected finance resource of the borrower does not have the ability to repay a debt. 3. The dealing rate, which is given to the borrower, does not fit in with the rules. 4. The inquirer has not evaluated the guarantee with the centralized evaluation method. 5. Affected by the factor of external economic situation. We can see from the result that the group that has less delinquent loans has paid more attentions to the five factors listed above. It is possible that the banks have made careful policies regarding credit to reduce the risk of delinquent loans under the situation of gliding economic. II. We use the factor analysis to divide the possible affecting factors of the delinquent loan on individual credit into eight events. There is a remarkable difference on external economic factor between both bank groups. This fact shows that under the situation of bad economic, the bank group that has less delinquent loans has paid more attention on this factor. Therefore, they would use credit policies, which are made more carefully. Keywords: Factor Analysis, Delinquency loan

Master of Agribusiness / Department of Agricultural Economics / Brian C. Briggeman / As the recent financial crisis brought to light, the ability of commercial banks to quantify and better manage risk in their loan portfolios is paramount to their continued success and viability. Assessing, managing, and retaining capital is now a larger issue than ever given this event as well as the advent of the Basel III Accord. Pinnacle Bancorp is a community banking organization headquartered in Omaha, Nebraska with roughly $8.6 billion in assets. The company is also one of the largest agricultural lenders in the country and the largest agricultural lender among traditional community banks. Given the ominous outlook heading into 2016 for agricultural producers from lower projected net incomes and increased borrowing costs following Federal Reserve action on the Fed Funds Rate, many banks worry about the increased likelihood of default for agricultural producers. The objective of this thesis is to determine the adequacy of Pinnacle Bank’s equity capital relative to the agricultural loan portfolio. This process begins by employing binary logit regression in an effort to determine the probability of default for the bank’s agricultural loan portfolio. With default likelihood quantified, efforts are then made to determine the bank’s credit value-at-risk at various solvency levels. These figures are then compared to current capital levels in order to determine the adequacy of bank capital as measured by five key regulatory ratios ultimately imposed by Basel III. Finally, recommendations are made to management as to the adequacy of bank capital relative to the agricultural loan portfolio and any future efforts that need to be made in order to determine and ensure the adequacy of bank capital for the entire loan portfolio.

Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-117)

Facing this finance tsunami, the small and medium-sized enterprise own should have the correct management idea, understand positively the government provides each assistance, simultaneously the government directs the bank also to have necessity of the adjustment to financing of strategy the small and medium-sized enterprise, this is this article the main purpose. The short-term says, will face the relatively fierce market decline impact inevitably by the foreign trade small and medium-sized enterprise primarily. Even though after the financial tsunami subsides, within from 3 to 5 years, before the global trade demand extremely will be in the future possible the deflation which, because the US will expend, but greatly is inferior, on the other hand, because the enterprise operational risk will elevate relatively, the bank system will give the letter standard also possibly tends to be strict. Origin and influence after this research main discussion finance tsunami, the government loans the strategy small and medium-sized enterprise of by the bank system execution, to relaxes research of our country Small and medium-sized enterprise impact. This research by way of is related Wen Xianzheng , as well as the article offers the methodology and the historical review law studies under the globalization the financial crisis, the small and medium-sized enterprise and the government, in assists the small and medium-sized enterprise to loan in the strategy the result. This research discovered: The latter financial tsunami time, Our country Government is right 'the small and medium-sized enterprise to loan each condition to have the improvement. The research conclusion thought: The government should revise the credit support mechanism, and using the administrative method, enhances the bank to handle time this lending operation the elasticity and the wish, causes the small and medium-sized enterprise to obtain the fund affable synthesis effect, achieves the government to continue to support the industry and the stable economy policy.

Using the characteristics of small-business firms and of their owners, the information from both the joint credit information center and loan auditors, and logistic models, this study analyzes the determinants of the approval of small-business loans made by credit officers. The study also examines whether these determinants are significant in the logistic models of loan default and provide suggestions to credit officers for approving small-business loans. The main findings of this study are as follows. 1. Some specific proxy variables for the characteristics of small-business firms and of their owners and information from both the joint credit information center and loan auditors are significant determinants in the logistic models of loan approval. Their importance or significance will differ when the sample loans are categorized on the basis of sales. 2. The significant determinants in the logistic models of loan default are also significant determinants in the logistic models of loan approval. The result indicates that credit officers are able to effectively consider some factors contributing to loan default when they make loan decisions. Thus, the credit officers perform well in managing credit risk when approving loans. 3. The number of significant determinants in the logistic models of loan approval is far greater than that in the models of loan default. The finding implies that credit officers may place more stringent criteria in approving loans and lose some profitable business opportunities. 4. Establishing different criteria on the basis of sales when approving loans can facilitate the increase in the rate of loan approval and decrease in the rate of loan default. 5. The information from loan auditors plays an important role in the approval of loans to firms with small sales. It seems not to be the case in the approval of loans to firms with large sales. Therefore, it is better that loan auditors be equipped with abundant knowledge of various industrial sectors and be given well on-job training. Moreover, the performance of loan auditors should be independent with the number or size of loans.

ABSTRACT Business loan is an important process and main revenue to bank. Loan asset is crucial in balance sheet. Asset quality is relevant to operating security, so bank should enhance the management and evaluation of loan process to ensure the operating security and performance during making a deal with clients. Sound evaluation model could help related staff evaluate the credit of clients and lower overdue loan ratio. IC industry is always the driving industry in Taiwan. Taiwan DRAM revenue, as a second place leader, accounts for more than 20% of world market. The nature of DRAM industry is huge capital, high technology level, fast price variation and those mean high risks during loan. Banks in Taiwan serve DRAM companies very often. In case of overdue loan, bank will be affected heavily. Thus, bank should build evaluation model of loan to ensure the security of loan. After reviewing related literature, this research identifies key factors of loan decision and invites related bank employees in north Hsin-Chu City to join AHP questionaire. Then this research conducts quantitative analysis through AHP. This research collects 16 bank professionals' opinions. Among 16 there are 6 Consistency Indexes higher than 0.1, so only 10 opinions are accepted. The result shows 3 main factors in loan evaluation: industrial evaluation, financial analysis and loan evaluation (listed in order). Besides, among overall criteria, the most important 5 are expansion of competitors' factory, ability to raise fund, quick ratio, new application, and collateral. This research proposes the following 4 suggestions: 1. Bank should ask professional industrial research institute for DRAM industrial evolution to reduce the credit risk. 2. The ability to raise fund is relevant to whether DRAM companies could get through the recession. Recent cash flow should be paid attention to. 3. The feasibility of capital expenditure plan should be evaluated as project finance and financial planning should be conducted with sensitivity analysis. 4. Risk cost should be considered when setting DRAM loan rate. Ensure return is consistent with the risk.

Inaug.-diss.--Frankfurt a.M. "Vorliegende dissertation ist als broschüre im verlag von A. Bonz)--erben in Stuttgart erschienen." / "Literaturverzeichnis": p. 183-189.