There are commercial imperatives for companies to consider low-income markets for expansion. This research study investigated how firms, who traditionally focused on the upper- and middle-income markets, were adapting to operating in dual markets, an ability termed ‘ambidexterity’. While there is abundant research available on ambidexterity, this construct has not been studied in the context of the low-income market.The primary aim of this study was to explore the tensions that existed for firms exploring the low-income market and how firms went about resolving these tensions. A deductive research approach was followed and 23 managers, representing 14 companies across eight commercial sectors, were interviewed using semi-structured interviews and qualitative research methodology. The data was analysed using content, thematic and narrative analysis techniques.A central finding of this research study was that companies needed committed leaders to help resolve tensions for the firm and create the balance between exploring low-income markets and exploiting the traditional markets. Change management was found to be a critical integration technique to help resolve tensions between the “explore” and “exploit” business units.The outcome of this research adds to the theory base of both low-income markets and ambidexterity. It also provides a decision-making framework for firms who are considering the organisational requirements for the exploration of low-income markets. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

The thesis project is intended for the investigation of the global housing crisis and the issues that lay behind it. The beneficiary should be the people living under the minimum local wage. Although the people serving the city has great importance, due to the socio economic imbalance these people are forgotten. To give back what the working class people deserve in a city is the main motto of the thesis.

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Thesis advisor: Gustavo Morello / Given the endless times I have heard “It’s not what you know, it’s who you know”, the value of social networks became the forefront of this sociological study. Throughout this study I investigate the relationship between social capital and self efficacy. I interviewed ten undergraduate, low income students at medium sized school in the Northeast on their social connections throughout high school and college experience. These same respondents then took a General Self Efficacy scale to measure their perceived self efficacy. The study finds that those with higher measures of social capital also demonstrate higher perceived self efficacy. More importantly, social capital seemed to be more effective in providing resources and building self efficacy when there was a shared identity or experience between the student and the resource. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2023. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Departmental Honors. / Discipline: Sociology.

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<p> The purpose of this paper is to determine whether zoning regulations constrain the builder in his or her ability to provide low-income housing units in Hamilton. It critically reviews five impediments to the provision of low-income housing and the application of urban managerialism to the low-income housing supply problem. An explanation of the degree to which the zoning revision process impedes large and small builders is given. An examination of three specific dimensions of zoning and the extent to which these dimensions constrain the builder follows. These dimensions are (i) inflexibility, (ii) the procedural and temporal framework and (iii) "full-up" zones. The analysis showed insufficient evidence existed to substantiate or falsify the hypothesis that zoning regulations impede the builder's ability to provide low-income housing units. </p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)

Results indicate that structural factors are highly predictive of paternal commitment and paternal involvement among low-income African American fathers, thus lending strong credence to the structural barriers perspective. Moreover, while findings also indicate that several cultural factors are associated with paternal involvement (e.g., attitudes toward single motherhood and low self-efficacy), they are at odds with the cultural deficiency perspective. These results have both theoretical and policy implications. With respect to fatherhood theory, findings derived from this research call for a much-needed theoretical integration in studying paternal commitment and paternal involvement among low-income African American fathers; that is, to synthesize and integrate a structurally sound theory with a culturally sensitive approach, such as the cultural resiliency perspective. This research also suggests that public policy-makers should be aware of the adaptive strategies that many low-income African American fathers employ in order to be actively involved with their children, especially those who are young.

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