LPG is a very important fuel and chemical feed stock as well.¡@The hydrocarbon has been involved in many major fires and explosions. One of these incidents is boiling-liquid, expanding-vapor explosion (BLEVE). It is a phenomenon that results from the sudden release from confinement of a liquid at a temperature above its atmospheric-pressure boiling point. The sudden decrease in pressure results in the explosive vaporization of a fraction of the liquid and a cloud of vapor and mist with the ccompanying blast effects.¡@Most BLEVEs involve flammable liquids, and most BLEVE releases are ignited by surrounding fire and result in a fireball. The objective of this study is to develop computer model in order to determine the thermal response of LPG tanks involved in fire engulfment accidents. The assessment of protection measures, including safety spacing between tanks, water spray cooling, and prediction of tank failure, were analyzed. The risk associated with the thermal radiation due to BLEVE of the LPG tank was analyzed.¡@The model used in this work can be applied to safety/reliability assessment of other pressure-liquefied-gas (PLG) tanks, such as ethylene, ammonia, and so forth.

At the beginning the theoretical part of the diploma thesis deals with a characteristic of fuels for ignition engines, namely to automotive petrol and a mixture of liquid petroleum gases (LPG). The next part is focused on a description of conversions of individual elements which are necessary for cars which operate on alternative fuel. As well the attention is paid to the production of emissions of exhaust fumes of these engines, to individual components of unwanted emissions, their formation and effect to people and the environment. The own thesis introduces a proper measurement of Subaru Forester car, converted into the two fuel car which is possible to work both on petrol and LPG. Operational parameters for particular fuels were observed on the tested car.

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L’émergence de résistances de Leishmania vis-à-vis de certaines molécules ainsi que le coût élevé des traitements de la leishmaniose constituent une problématique dans les zones d’endémie défavorisées. Le développement de nouvelles molécules efficaces et à bas coût est donc un enjeu majeur dans la prise en charge de cette maladie tropicale négligée. La voie métabolique du furanose présente chez Leishmania, mais complètement absente chez l’Homme, est une voie identifiée comme une cible potentielle. Chez Leishmania, cette voie est associée à la production de plusieurs facteurs de virulence, le LPG, et les GIPLs (espèce-dépendant). L’octyle de galactofuranose, analogue du substrat original a été développé et testé dans le cadre d’un modèle d’infection à Leishmania donovani. In vitro, une efficacité doseindépendante contre la forme amastigote a étédémontrée dans un modèle de macrophages humains. In vivo sur modèle murin infecté, l’oct-galf a montré des effets immunomodulateurs marqués, au-delà d’une activité anti-parasitaire plus modeste. Pour comprendre ces résultats, une nouvelle approche mécanistique a été envisagée. L’intelectin-1 (aussi appelé omentin-1) qui fait l’objet de nombreuses publications, est capable de lier les motifs furanosidiques. Les capacités de cette lectine à modifier les voies métaboliques énergétiques via l’AMPK corrèlent avec les résultats retrouvés dans nos modèles d’étude et suggèrent son implication dans l’effet anti-parasitaire observé. / The emergence of Leishmania resistance against various molecules as well as high cost of treatment of leishmaniasis represent a health problem in endemic developing countries. Development of new molecules, effective and at low-cost, is a key challenge in the management of this neglected disease. Furanose pathway is reported in Leishmania parasites, but is completely absent in Human. It was identified as a potential drug target. InLeishmania, this pathway is associated with production of virulence factors, LPG and GIPLs (species-dependant). Octyl-galactofuranose (oct-galf), an analogue of the original substrate, was developed and evaluate in the context of Leishmania donovani infection. In vitro, a dose-independent efficacy against amastigote form was demonstrated in a human macrophages model. Using a murine model, oct-galf showed strong immunomodulatory effects in vivo, while a moderate anti-parasitic effect. In order to better understand theseresults, a new mechanistic approach was considered. Intelectin-1 (also named omentin- 1) relating to a large number of publications, is able to bind furanosidic moieties. Abilities of this lectin to regulate energetic metabolic pathways via AMPK correlate with results we observed in our models and suggest its involvement in the anti-parasitic effects.

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