Le but de cette thèse est de caractériser les variations climatiques des derniers 200 ka à travers l'étude de quatre spéléothèmes du sud de la France, datés par U-Th. Nous nous sommes focalisés sur l'étude des stades isotopiques marins MIS 6, 5 et 3. Les principaux résultats obtenus sont les suivants : - mise en évidence d'oscillations milléniales au MIS6 entre 175 et 165 ka. L'enregistrement isotopique haute résolution (10 à 300 ans) de la base du plancher stalagmitique de la grotte de Villars indique pour la première fois dans la région ces oscillations climatiques rapides qui peuvent être mises en relation avec des figures similaires récemment mises à jour par les concrétions chinoises. - estimation de l'amplitude du réchauffement associée à l'avant-dernière déglaciation. La confrontation du δ18Oc de la calcite, du δ18O des inclusions fluides et du ∆47 de la calcite suggère que (1) si l'équilibre isotopique a été satisfait, le réchauffement associé à la Terminaison II serait de 20°C, (2) si on considère un effet cinétique alors le réchauffement corrigé de cet effet serait de 14°C. La constance de la composition de l'eau de l'infiltration pendant cette déglaciation s'explique par le jeu des différents facteurs influant sur ce paramètre. - amélioration de la chronologie et de la caractérisation dans le SW de la France des événements climatiques milléniaux de la dernière glaciation (MIS3). L'enregistrement de la stalagmite Vil14 daté par MC-ICP-MS constitue désormais la meilleure chronologie de cette période dans la grotte de Villars et permet d'attribuer un âge précis aux limites des interstades (13, 12 et fin du 14). La fin des interstades identifiés était manifestement associée à un refroidissement abrupt et à l'installation d'un permafrost de courte durée. La cessation de croissance définitive de cet échantillon simultanément aux deux autres confirme le durcissement du refroidissement du MIS3 vers 30ka. En multipliant ce type de données quantifiées et datées de façon absolue, on contribue à la meilleure compréhension des mécanismes climatiques.

O objetivo desta dissertação é realizar uma revisão crítica da primeira década do Museu da Imagem e do Som de São Paulo (MIS). Criado em 1970, foi um dos primeiros museus do Brasil a dedicar-se à produção e preservação de material audiovisual reprodutível. O projeto museológico idealizado para o MIS, baseado na formação de um acervo documental e na difusão de novas mídias, será apresentado e discutido. O intuito é avaliar em que medida as diretrizes iniciais do museu, que surge em plena ditadura militar, foram postas em prática durante a gestão de seu primeiro diretor, Rudá de Andrade (1970 - 1980). Parte-se da hipótese de que apesar das diversas mudanças de sede, das dificuldades orçamentárias e de um quadro de funcionários reduzido, o MIS consolidou um espaço pioneiro e experimental, voltado para a produção e difusão de conteúdo e conhecimento e desenvolveu uma programação coerente com o projeto redigido em sua criação. Foram consultadas distintas fontes, muitas delas tornadas públicas por meio desta pesquisa. Espera-se com esta dissertação contribuir para o estudo dos museus e das políticas públicas na área da cultura desenvolvidas no Estado de São Paulo na segunda metade do século XX. / This dissertation aims to build a critical review of the first decade of the Museum of Image and Sound (MIS) of São Paulo. Created in 1970, it was one of the first museums in Brazil dedicated to the production and preservation of reproducible audio-visual material at the time. The museological project conceived for MIS, which is presented and discussed here, intends to establish a documentary archive and broaden new media awareness. The aim is to analyse the extent to which the initial guidelines of the museum, which emerged during the military dictatorship, were put into practice during the management of its first director, Rudá de Andrade (1970 - 1980). It is assumed that despite the various changes in headquarters, budgetary difficulties and a reduced staff, MIS consolidated a pioneering and experimental venue focused on the production and dissemination of content and knowledge, and developed a program in accordance with its foundational project. Several sources were consulted, many of them made public through this research. This dissertation is expected to contribute to the study of museums and public cultural policies in the State of São Paulo in the second half of the twentieth century.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:10:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 claudio carlos.pdf: 4222908 bytes, checksum: 9eff1b9f349ce5868c10ca1d5b440898 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-21 / The larynx is a structure of the upper aerodigestive tract responsible for the production of sounds as well as protecting the lower airways and helping during the normal act of swallowing. Any pathology which affects the larynx can impose several challenges that disrupt its normal physiological function, and consequently and directly resulting in reduction of the patient s quality of life. Among the different diseases that affect the larynx, cancer is one of the most serious. The squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the larynx is a multifactorial disease, influenced by environmental factors and individual behavioral, habits, and susceptibility. The current study describes the molecular and genetic assessment of 20 patients with the squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. In summary, the study strategy included the analyses of the genetic polymorphism of codon 72 of the TP53, the detection and genotyping of HPV genome, assessing genomic instability (MIS and LOH) and random chromosomal imbalances using PCR and CGH approaches. Regarding to the polymorphism of the TP53 gene, arginine homozygous genotypes (p53AA) and arginine-proline heterozygous genotypes (p53PA) were found in 65% (13/20) and 35% (7 / 20) of cases, respectively. HPV genome was found in association with tumor cells in 20% of SCC cases. HPV 16, 11, and 45 were the genotypes identified. Moreover, co-infection of HPV 11 and 45 was also observed. Both samples found positive for HPV genome were associated with p53AA at the TP53 gene. Our results corroborated the data published in the literature that described an increased susceptibility to the virus-induced carcinogenesis of the larynx in arginine homozygous genotypes. Here in we report genomic instability for a panel of 8 microsatellite markers distributed in 5 chromosomes. One locus (D8S135) was found in homozygous for all cases. On the other hand, RH-92600 was not included in the analysis mainly because it was also found homozygous for most cases. We found 76.2% (244/320) of informative loci. Thus the mean frequency of MIS was 9.0% (22/244) and LOH was 6.1% (15/244). The frequency of MIS was found higher than the LOH, suggesting that the tumorigenesis of SCC of the larynx follows a mechanism of mutator phenotype. Using CGH, chromosomal gains were observed in 1q21qter. On the other hand, chromosomal losses occurred in chromosome 3p21p28, 11q23, 16p16, 16q12, 17p13pter and 22q13. The techniques of comparative genomic hybridization have improved the understanding of genetic alterations in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, especially for characterizing the relationship between early precursors of laryngeal carcinomas, as well as to identify genomic regions that may contain oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes involved in the tumorigenesis of this anatomical site. / A laringe é uma estrutura tubular do trato aero digestivo com a principal função de formação de sons, além de estar relacionada com a proteção das vias aéreas inferiores e deglutição dos alimentos. Qualquer patologia que acomete este órgão pode ocasionar diversos problemas em sua função fisiológica normal, com influência plena e direta no decréscimo da qualidade de vida do indivíduo. Das diversas doenças que afetam a laringe, o câncer apresenta-se como uma das mais graves. O carcinoma de células escamosas da laringe apresenta-se como uma doença multifatorial e epigenética sendo influenciada por fatores ambientais, comportamentais e inerentes ao indivíduo. Este estudo avaliou 20 indivíduos portadores do carcinoma das células escamosas da laringe. Dentre dos parâmetros avaliados, destacam-se o polimorfismo do códon 72 do gene do gene TP53, a detecção e genotipagem do genoma de HPV, a instabilidade genômica (LOH e MIS) e alterações cromossômicas não balanceadas. Em relação ao polimorfismo de TP53, os resultados foram 65% (13/20) de homozigotos (TP53AA) e 35% (7/20) de heterozigotos (TP53PA). Em 20% dos pacientes foi observada a presença de genoma HPV associada às células tumorais, tendo sido genotipados os subtipos virais HPV 16 em uma amostra e HPV 11 e 45 na outra amostra, caracterizando uma co-infecção. Os dois casos positivos para HPV apresentaram genótipo homozigoto (TP53AA) para o gene TP53. Os resultados deste estudo corroboram os dados publicados na literatura pertinente, que correlacionam a susceptibilidade aumentada para CEC da laringe em indivíduos homozigotos para TP53Arg e a maior susceptibilidade destes à carcinogênese vírus-induzida. A instabilidade genômica foi avaliada utilizando um painel de 8 marcadores de microssatélites distribuídos em 5 cromossomos diferentes. Os loci D8S135 e RH-92600 foram considerados não informativos, pois se apresentaram homozigotos na maioria dos casos, enquanto que 76,2% (244/320) loci foram informativos. Contudo, a freqüência de MIS foi de 9% (22/244) e a freqüência de LOH de 6,1% (15/244). A freqüência observada de MIS foi maior do que a freqüência de LOH, sugerindo que o carcinoma das células escamosas da laringe segue o mecanismo fenótipo mutante . A hibridação genômica comparativa mostrou que a principal região cromossômica que apresentou ganhos foi em 1q21qter, enquanto que as perdas cromossômicas ocorreram em 3p21p28, 11q23, 16p16, 16q12, 17p13pter e 22q13. As técnicas de hibridação genômica comparativa têm contribuído para melhorar a compreensão das alterações genéticas no carcinoma das células escamosas da laringe, sobretudo para a caracterização da relação entre estágios precursores de câncer laríngeo, assim como, para a identificação de regiões genômicas que podem conter oncogenes e genes supressores tumorais.

The thesis "Evaluation of the gains of introduction of management information system (on the selected company)" examines the success of introduction of management information system. Theoretical part is focused on information systems, especially on life cycle, required features, settings and areas of management. Practical part describes complete research: characteristics and analysis of the company, creation of survey and the results. All the gains are identified in the results of the survey. This research extends theoretical area of management information systems and it helps the supplier as evaluation of completed implementation.

Ce travail a été réalisé au Centre de Recherche en Nanofabrication et Nanocaractérisation (CRN[indice supérieur 2]) de l'Université de Sherbrooke. Il porte sur l'étude, la réalisation et la caractérisation de structures métal - isolant - semiconducteur (MIS) sur nitrure de gallium. Le nitrure de gallium (GaN) est un matériau semiconducteur de la famille III-V à large bande interdite directe, ayant des propriétés électriques, physiques et mécaniques très intéressantes. Il a été découvert depuis plus de quatre décennies. Les difficultés de son élaboration, les problèmes d'inefficacités du dopage p et les densités élevées des défauts cristallins dans les couches épitaxiées, ont constitué pendant longtemps des obstacles majeurs au développement de la technologie GaN [I. Akasaki, 2002]. Il a fallu attendre jusqu'au début des années 1990 pour voir apparaître des couches de meilleure qualité et pour améliorer l'efficacité du dopage p [J.Y. Duboz, 1999]. Cet événement a été l'étape majeure qui a révolutionné la technologie à base de GaN et a permis d'amorcer son intégration dans le milieu industriel. Depuis, la technologie à base de ce matériau ne cesse de progresser à un rythme exponentiel. Il se présente aujourd'hui comme un matériau de choix pour la réalisation de dispositifs électroniques de puissances et de hautes fréquences pouvant fonctionner dans des milieux hostiles. Grâce à sa bande interdite directe et son pouvoir d'émission à faible longueur d'onde, il est aussi très convoité pour la réalisation de dispositifs optoélectroniques de hautes performances en émission ou en détection, tels que les DELs, Lasers ou les photodétecteurs. Malgré l'avancé rapide qu'a connu le GaN, certains aspects de ce matériau restent encore mal maîtrisés, tels que la réalisation de contacts ohmiques de bonne qualité ou encore le contrôle des interfaces métal/GaN et isolant/GaN. Les hétérostructures isolant/GaN sont caractérisées par une forte densité d'états de surface (D[indice inférieur it]). Ce phénomène, aussi rapporté sur GaAs et sur la plupart des matériaux III-V, induit l'ancrage du niveau de fermi au centre de la bande interdite. Il constitue l'un des freins majeurs au développement d'une technologie MIS (MOS) fiable sur GaN. À travers ce document, nous rapportons les résultats des travaux entrepris pour la réalisation de capacités MIS, de contacts ohmiques et de diodes Schottky sur les deux types de substrat GaN et p-GaN. Le diélectrique utilisé comme couche isolante pour les structures MIS est le Nitrure de Silicium (Si[indice inférieur x]N[indice inférieur y]) déposé par PECVD. Ces travaux constituent une introduction aux procédés de microfabrication sur nitrure de gallium, aux difficultés liées aux effets de surface dans le GaN et aux étapes de préparation chimique en vue de minimiser la densité de charges d'état à l'interface métal/GaN et diélectrique/GaN. La première partie du document est dédiée à la caractérisation optique et électrique des substrats GaN utilisés par étude de spectroscopie de photoluminescence (PL) et par étude Schottky.

<p>U disertaciji je prikazan postupak izrade modela informacionog<br />sistema za podršku upravljanju grafičkim procesima. Ovaj model za<br />rezultat ima uspešno praćenje parametara grafičke proizvodnje. U<br />radu su date osnovne teorijske postavke grafičke proizvodnje,<br />grafičkih procesa, informacionih sistema i njihovog modelovanja.<br />Napravljen je apstraktni (high-level) i realni (low-level) model<br />informacionog sistema. Kao validacija modela izvršena je<br />simulacija rada sistema u laboratorijskim uslovima.</p> / <p>The dissertation presents a model of Management Information System for<br />Graphic processes. This model results in a successful monitoring of graphic<br />production parameters. Basic theoretical assumptions involving graphic<br />production, printing processes, information systems, and their modeling vere<br />presented. An abstract (high-level) and real (low-level) model of the<br />information system vere also created. As a validation of the model, a<br />simulations was carried out within the laboratory.</p>

Images of nature and family comprise the gestural and abstracted interpretations of my life events. I use my photographs as inspiration for my work. I fuse layers of color, light, and line into glass and onto wood to suspend a personal memory. I want to capture those moments that flit by in life and envelop them in the media. In my fused glass work, I manipulate color, light, and line. In these pieces, I layer frits and sheets of glass onto an abstract sculpted relief of fiberglass and fuse them into one thick slab. The sculpted relief creates a textured deflection of light. In each layer of glass, I encapsulate simple line drawings of my family, elements of the landscape, and organic shapes. In my works on wood, I pour and layer transparent color using acrylic and a water-based polyurethane mixture. I do not fully cover the natural grain of the wood but allow it to contribute to the imagery. I repeat linear marks and create layers of texture using a palette knife, and attach mud and caulk to the natural surface. I further manipulate the surfaces by sanding and carving to express my emotions and memories. The layered media symbolically references layers of time in my personal journey.

This thesis deals with the problem of displaying graphical outputs so that a certain fact is hidden. The aim of this thesis is to provide basic information about graphical outputs. Subsequently, outline the issue of their possible use or misuse and provide basic advice on what to focus on graphical outputs in order not to deceive the graph reader. This thesis is divided into two parts - the theoretical part and the practical part. The theoretical part contains a literary overview of the problems of graphical outputs and their processing. The practical part describes the research on practical graphs carried out on the focus group and individual respondents. Subsequently, the practical part includes the evaluation of this research and the drawing of basic recommendations for reading the graphs.

Memoria para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Industrial / La red de Centros de Desarrollo de Negocios ejecutada por el Servicio de Cooperación Técnica, SERCOTEC, es una iniciativa nació de un acuerdo suscrito entre los gobiernos de Chile y Estados Unidos en junio de 2014, en materia de Promoción del Emprendimiento y del Crecimiento de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas. El foco de los Centros está en contribuir al aumento de la productividad y sostenibilidad de las empresas, mediante la capacitación y asesoría gratuita a micro y pequeños empresarios de todo el país. El objetivo del trabajo es rediseñar el proceso de asesoría para un operador de Centros de Desarrollo de Negocio: La corporación Construyendo Mis Sueños. Para llevar esto a cabo se identifica el área prioritaria de la corporación. Posteriormente, se definen los indicadores clave a analizar, los que están ligados con los aumentos de ventas que las asesorías logran en los clientes. A su vez, se realiza un Benchmarking, comparando el desempeño de los asesores en los distintos centros. De esta manera, se cuantifica el tamaño de la oportunidad existente. En determinados casos, esta llega al 25% del valor de la variable. Luego, se realiza un análisis de correlaciones para identificar las principales variables que pueden reducir las brechas evidenciadas. Se realizan hipótesis que serán contrastadas con lo que ocurre en los Centros de manera empírica. Después se realiza un levantamiento completo del proceso de asesoría y se diagrama, utilizando la notación BPMN. Finalmente, se reúne la evidencia para proponer un rediseño que permita aprovechar las oportunidades detectadas, y que vaya en línea con los hallazgos más relevantes. También se realiza un set de recomendaciones para trabajos e investigaciones futuras.

Ce travail est une étude expérimentale de la spectroscopie électronique des cations hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (PAH) et de leurs agrégats dans des conditions simulant celles régnant dans le milieu interstellaire, froids et totalement isolés. L’objectif principal est d’obtenir des spectres au laboratoire qui puissent être comparés aux spetres des Bandes Diffuses Interstellaires et d’explorer les propriétés des agrégats de PAH. / This work is mainly an experimental study of the electronic spectroscopy of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon cations and their clusters in conditions close to those of the interstellar medium. The aim of this study is to obtain data that can be compared with the spectrum of the diffuse interstellar bands and to explore the properties of PAH clusters.