published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Arts

Money helps people gain access to the goods and services they require and it allows people to make choices without having dependence on others (Boucher & Kofos, 2012). Prior research has shown that when the concept of money is activated, participants behave in a less pro-social but a more self-sufficient way in that while they are less likely to offer help to others or to donate money, they make more effort to complete a task and they prefer to work alone rather than to work collectively with others (Vohs, Mead & Goode, 2006). In this study, we examined the effect of money activation on the level of support for government goods and services programmes as a function of the type of programmes (welfare related or universal) and the participantʼs socioeconomic position (higher or lower). All participants performed a memory task before completing a government goods and services survey. The memory task consisted of either money-related words (for the money primed group) or neutral words not associated with money (for the control group). The results show that relative to the participants in the control group, those primed with money had lower levels of support for government programmes, and the effect was stronger for welfare related compared with universal programmes. No significant interaction between priming and socioeconomic status was found, although there was a trend that activating the concept of money had a larger effect for the higher socioeconomic group compared with the lower socioeconomic group. These results provided converging evidence to previous research that activating the concept of money could change peopleʼs attitudes and behaviours, inducing them to become less sensitive to othersʼ needs. Our results also extend the findings of prior research to the valuation of existing government programmes. They suggest that money activation could lower peopleʼs support for social policies, resulting in unintended consequences.

No description available.

published_or_final_version / Urban Studies / Master / Master of Social Sciences

No description available.

No description available.

Through mutual trade in goods and assets, economies become closer linked - integrated - and this changes the way these economies react to their own and each other's economic policy and disturbances. Recognising this, the countries may chose to enter into integration arrangements which facilitate goods and asset trade and may permit co-ordinated action in the policy sphere. A monetary integration arrangement unites more closely the monetary systems of a number of countries, and this may be in the absence or presence of a broader economic integration arrangement (for example a common market). This thesis examines aspects of the integration arrangement known as the Common Monetary Area (CMA), between South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Chapter 2 outlines theoretical considerations of the desirability of monetary integration, while Chapter 3 uses a model to analyse the effects of goods and asset market integration on the economic policy and disturbance transmission of two countries. Chapter 4 describes the institutional and historical setting of the CMA, as well as the reasons behind the changes made to the legal arrangement in 1986. Chapter 5 presents a critique of an attempt to analyse the CMA as an optimal currency area, while Chapter 6 analyses the state of broader economic integration over the CMA, and assesses its implications for monetary integration. Chapter 7 addresses empirically the question of the degree of asset and goods market integration and explains the implications for monetary integration, while chapter 8 analyses the situation of Botswana, a non-CMA member, to assess its importance for the CMA and its relation to the debate surrounding the continued existence of the CMA. The conclusion that is reached is that, given extant levels of goods and asset market integration, the members of the CMA (especially the smaller members) would benefit from greater joint policy making and policy co-ordination, i.e. greater monetary unification. / Thesis (M.Com.)-University of Natal, 1992.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.