ITC/USA 2008 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Fourth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 27-30, 2008 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California / In this paper, we propose the exploitation of array beamforming technology in high-speed aeronautical communication applications, e.g., the integrated Network Enhanced Telemetry (iNET) system. By flexible steering of beams and nulls, an array can enhance desired signals whereas the undesired signals such as interference and jammers are suppressed. The proposed adaptive beamforming technology is DSP-based and network-aware, and is designed for the use at aerial vehicle platforms to increase transmission power efficiency, improve receiving signal sensitivity, mitigate interference/multipath effects, and extend the communication range.

The possibility of polarization diversity using left and right hand circular polarization (LHCP and RHCP) in the presence of multipath propagation is examined. We show that there are differences in the received signal for LHCP and RHCP for a number of realistic scenarios. Because multipath propagation can produce different LHCP and RCHP signals, there exists the possibility for diversity improvement involving the two polarizations.

Aeronautical telemetry suffers from multipath interference, which can be resolved through the use of equalizers at the receiver. The coefficients of data-aided equalizers are computed from a channel estimate. Most channels seen in aeronautical telemetry are sparse, meaning that most of the coefficients of the channel are zero or nearly zero. The maximum likelihood (ML) estimate does not always produce a sparse channel estimate. This thesis surveys a number of sparse estimation algorithms that produce a sparse channel estimate and compares the post-equalizer bit error rates (BER) using these sparse estimates with the post-equalizer BER using the ML estimate. I show that the generalized Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (GOMP) performs the best followed by the Sparse Estimation based on Validation Re-estimated Least Squares (SPARSEVA-RE) and the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO).

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A loudspeaker is often considered to be a Linear Time Invariant (LTI) system, which can be completely categorized by its impulse response. What sets loudspeakers apart from other LTI-systems is the acoustical aspect including echoes, which makes it a lot harder to take accurate noise free measurements compared to other LTI-systems such as a simple RC circuit. There are two main challenges regarding loudspeaker measurement, the first is high frequency reflections of surrounding surfaces and the second is low frequency modal resonances in the room stemming from the initial echoes. A straightforward way of dealing with this issue is simply truncating the measured impulse response before the arrival of the first high frequency reflection. This is however not without its problems as this will result in high uncertainty for low frequency content of the measurement. The longer time until the first reflection is measured, the better the measurement. The ideal measurement would be a noise free environment with infinite distance towards the nearest reflective surface. This is of course not possible in practice, but this ideal environment can be simulated by using an anechoic chamber. This thesis investigates the possibility of creating pseudo anechoic measurements in a general room using optimization with information extracted from measurement data in combination with linear time-varying (LTV) filtering. Algorithms for extracting information such as time delay between reflections as well as compensation for distortion in the reflections have been developed. This information is later used to minimize a cost function in order to obtain an estimation of the loudspeakers' impulse response using multiple measurements. The resulting estimation is then filtered using the LTV filter in order to obtain the pseudo anechoic impulse response. This thesis investigates two different loudspeakers in two ordinary rooms as well as in an anechoic chamber, and evaluates the performance of the developed methods. The overall results seem promising, but due to some inconsistencies of the measurements taken in the anechoic chamber that changes the direct wave of the loudspeakers, the developed methods are unable to achieve a true anechoic impulse response.  It is concluded that to be able to achieve true pseudo anechoic results, measurements in rooms must better resemble the ones taken inside the anechoic chamber. This in combination with tuning the hyper parameters of the LTV filter looks promising to achieve pseudo anechoic impulse responses with high correlation to the true anechoic measurements.

Yes / The issue of asset tracking in dense environments where the performance of the global positioning system (GPS) becomes unavailable or unreliable is addressed. The proposed solution uses a low-profile array of antenna elements (sensors) mounted on a finite conducting ground. A compact-size sensor array of six electrically small dual-band omnidirectional spiral antenna elements was designed as a front end of a tracker to operate in the 402 and 837 MHz spectrum bands. For the lower band, a three-element superposition method is applied to support estimation of the angle of arrival (AOA), whereas all six sensors are employed for the higher band. A low complexity and accurate AOA determination algorithm is proposed, the projection vector (PV), and this is combined with the array mentioned. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is integrated with the PV technique to increase the estimation resolution. The system was found to be suitable for installation on the roof of vehicles to localize the position of assets. The proposed system was tested for the tracking of nonstationary sources, and then two scenarios were investigated using propagation modeling software: outdoor to outdoor and outdoor to indoor. The results confirm that the proposed tracking system works efficiently with a single snapshot. / European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program; 10.13039/501100009928 - Higher Committee for Education Development (HCED), Iraq

[pt] As variações que ocorrem na estrutura da troposfera ao longo do tempo em relação à sua condição mediana provocam diversos fenômenos que fazem variar aleatoriamente o nível de sinal recebido num enlace rádio. Estas variações aleatórias são denominadas desvanecimentos. Os desvanecimentos são normalmente classificados em rápidos e lentos. Os desvanecimentos rápidos estão geralmente associados ao efeito de multipercurso atmosférico que é fortemente dependente da freqüência, sendo por isto denominados desvanecimentos seletivos, e são a principal causa de degradação do desempenho de enlaces rádio digitais de alta capacidade. Os modelos existentes para a caracterização estatística do desvanecimento por multipercurso são semi-empíricos e baseados em dados experimentais obtidos em regiões de clima temperado, acarretando uma má estimativa quando aplicados a regiões de clima tropical e equatorial. Neste trabalho é apresentada uma avaliação dos métodos existentes para previsão do desempenho de enlaces rádio digitais de alta capacidade, a partir da utilização de dados reais de desempenho extraídos de medidas em um tronco rádio de alta capacidade numa região tropical. / [en] The variations which happen in the troposphere layers throughout the time in relation to the median condition of the signal cause various phenomena that change the received signal level at digital radio relay systems randomly. The random changes are named fading. Fading is normally classified as fast or slow. The former is normally associated with the atmospheric multipath propagation and is strongly dependent on frequency; therefore, this is named selective fading and it is normally the cause of performance degradation in high capacity digital radio relays. The existing models for statistics of multipath fading are semi - empirical and based on experimental data extracts from regions the climate of which is temperate; and this gives a rough estimate with respect to the tropical and equatorial zones. This work presents an evaluation of existing methods of performance prediction for high capacity digital radio relay systems using real performance data obtained from measures of a high capacity digital radio link in operation in the tropical region.

Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication is becoming an important aspect of warehouse management, remote control, robotics, traffic control, supply chain management, fleet management and telemedicine. M2M is expected to become a significant portion of the Industrial Internet and, more broadly, the Internet of Things (IoT). The environments in which M2M systems are expected to operate may be challenging in terms of radio wave propagation due to their cluttered, multipath nature, which can cause deep signal fades and signal depolarization. Polarization diversity in two dimensions is a well-known technique to mitigate such fades. But in the presence of reflectors and retarders where multipath components arrive from any direction, we find the detrimental effects to be three-dimensional and thus consider herein mitigation approaches that are also 3D. The objectives of this dissertation are three. First, to provide a theoretical framework for depolarization in three dimensions. Second, to prepare a tripolar antenna design that meets cost, power consumption, and simplicity requirements of M2M applications and that can mitigate the expected channel effects. Finally, to develop new channel models in three dimensional space for wireless systems. Accordingly, this dissertation presents a complete description of 3D electromagnetic fields, in terms of their polarization characteristics and confirms the advantage of employing tripolar antennas in multipath conditions. Furthermore, the experimental results illustrate that highly variable depolarization occurs across all three spatial dimensions and is dependent on small changes in frequency and space. Motivated by these empirical results, we worked with a collaborating institution to develop a three-dimensional tripolar antenna that can be integrated with a commercially available wireless sensor. This dissertation presents the testing results that show that this design significantly improves channels over traditional 2D approaches. The implications of tripolar antenna integration on M2M systems include reduction in energy use, longer wireless communication link distances, and/or greater link reliability. Similar results are shown for a planar antenna design that enables four different polarization configurations. Finally, the work presents a novel three-dimensional geometry-based stochastic channel model that builds the channel as a sum of shell-like sub-regions, where each sub-region consists of groups of multipath components. The model is validated with empirical data to show the approach may be used for system analyses in indoor environments.

Master’s thesis belongs to the Cognitive radio network sphere. These networks utilize frequency spectrum more effectively than networks used in present radio communications. The Cognitive radio concept makes coexistence of classic and cognitive radio networks possible. Attention is aimed at spectrum sensing as the key task of the Cognitive radio. Main properties of the cyclostationary detector, as the detector, that reaches high probability of the detection at a very low signal to noise ratio with apriori knowledge of the transmitted signal's cyclic frequency, are examined in this paper. The OFDM signals, that inherit cyclostationarity from cyclic prefix, used in the real systems have been chosen for testing the properties of the detector. The influences of decimation and multipath propagation on the probability of detection are quantitatively expressed. The optimal values for the weights of the multicycle detector are determined.

This thesis deals with an analysis of a system called Digital Audio Broadcast and describes its mathematical model created in MATLAB program. In the first part basic blocks of a transmitter and a receiver are analyzed along with their principles. Then different types of transmission channels for static, portable and mobile receivers are described. The second part contains description of the DAB mathematical model itself. Individual blocks are described in the order of the DAB signal path, from the transmitter through the transmission channel to the receiver side. In this part the graphical user interface is also described. In the final part the results of experimental measurements and simulations are presented.