Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / O aumento de doenças cardiovasculares possui como fator primordial e, mais comum, o aumento da pressão arterial (PA). Esta, pode gerar complicações em outros órgãos e acarretar diversas patologias, podendo levar a morte. A hipertensão é uma síndrome multifatorial, cuja maior incidência ocorre em indivíduos obesos, sedentários e consumidores em excesso de bebidas alcoólicas e sal. O corpo carotídeo (CC) é um órgão quimiorreceptor localizado na bifurcação da artéria carótida, formado de estruturas básicas chamadas glomus. Cada glomus carotídeo é constituído de células tipo 1 envoltas por células tipo 2 ou sustentaculares. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as alterações morfofuncionais que ocorrem no CC, causada por hipertensão arterial induzida pelo L-NAME, um inibidor da enzima óxido nítrico sintase. Para isso, o estudo utilizou 20 ratos Wistar divididos em dois grupos: controle (C) e L-NAME (LN). Após a administração de 40mg/kg/dia de L-NAME por 45 dias, o CC foi coletado. Observou-se aumento significativo da pressão arterial a partir da segunda semana de administração de L-NAME. Análise quantitativa mostrou uma redução no número de núcleos do glomus carotídeo e o aumento na área total do órgão no grupo LN. Não foi encontrado diferença significativa no número de núcleos totais do corpo carotídeo entre os grupos. Na análise morfológica do grupo LN, observamos a formação de vacúolos nas células tipo 1 do glomus, bem como uma redução do número total de núcleos das células de cada glomus carotídeo. A análise qualitativa sugeriu um aumento no número de fibras colágenas e fibras do sistema elástico na matriz extracelular e grânulos no grupo LN. Imunomarcações com anticorpo anti VEGF e NF-kB e nNOS mostram-se aumentadas e dispersas por todo CC no grupo LN em relação ao grupo C. Além disso, marcações para Substância-P também foram observadas em maior quantidade nas células tipo 1 do grupo LN. Quanto à marcação para PGP 9.5, houve a redução desta marcação caracterizada dentro do glomus carotídeo grupo LN comparado ao grupo C. O estudo sugere que o corpo carotídeo, em resposta à hipertensão induzida pela inibição da enzima óxido nítrico sintase, gera mudanças morfofisiológicas semelhantes as encontradas em hipóxia. / The increased cardiovascular disease as the key features and, more common, increasing blood pressure (BP). This can cause complications in other organs and cause various diseases and may lead to death. Hypertension is a multifactorial syndrome, whose incidence is higher in obese, sedentary and consumers in excess alcohol and salt. The carotid body (CC) is a chemoreceptor organ located in bifurcation carotid artery, consisting of basic structures called carotid glomus. Each is made up of carotid glomus type 1 cells surrounded by sustentacular or type 2 cells. This study aimed to analyze the morphological and functional changes that occur in CC, caused by hypertension induced by L-NAME, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. For that, the study used 20 rats divided into two groups: control (C) and L-NAME (LN). After administration of 40mg/kg/day L-NAME for 45 days, the CC was collected. We observed significantly increased blood pressure starting at second week of administration of L-NAME. Quantitative analysis showed a reduction in the number of cells in the carotid glomus and an increase in the total area of the body in the LN group. No significant difference was found in the nuclei total number in carotid body between the groups. In the morphological analysis of the LN group, we observed the formation of vacuoles in type 1 glomus cells, as well as a reduction in the total number of nuclei of cells from each carotid glomus. The qualitative analysis suggested an increase in collagen and elastic system fibers in the extracellular matrix and cytoplasmic granules in LN group. Immunostainings with anti-VEGF and NFkappa- B and nNOS show was increase and dispersed in the LN group than in group C. In addition, appointments for P substance were also obeservado in greater amounts in type 1 cells of the LN group. The marking for PGP 9.5, there was a reduction of this marking characterized in carotid glomus LN group compared with group C. The study suggests that the carotid body, in response to hypertension induced by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase, produces morphophysiological changes similar to those found in hypoxia.

M.Ing. / This dissertation aims to identify the effects contributed by branding on organisational performance, as branding may contribute positively or negatively to the company sales performance. Many customers align quality products with certain brands only. Some organisations over price their products because they have guaranteed space in the market and had built solid relationships with their customers. Due to many different good products which do not do well in the market because of poor branding, the author identifies the problems aligned with branding and the author also looks at the possible causes of poor sales performance. This dissertation aims at presenting knowledge on branding, marketing strategies used by organisations to secure space for themselves in the market and strategies used by organisations to persuade customers into thinking their brand has the best products. The author provides overview on branding importance, criteria for choosing brand elements and brand tactics that has an impact on the customer‟s psychological aspects. The author then talks about the marketing strategies that can be used after building proper branding for the organisation. The marketing strategies may differ from organisation to organisation depending on the target market. The author then analyzes customer needs and buying behaviour and channels of distribution of products to ensure maximum sales. A case study in two television (TV) famous brands was conducted in order to find out the impact of branding on organisational performance. This case study compares the two TVs with each other and investigates their technologies. The case study also looks at TVs branding, their marketing strategies and the overview of their marketing results. A survey questionnaire was constructed, and this survey questionnaire was on the two TV brands discussed in the case study. The survey questionnaire was sent to different people of different life styles and age groups. The aim of the questionnaire was to find the extent into which branding influences customer‟s decision in buying a product, other things that attracts a customer and also how do customers perceive different brands.

Protection of domain names The aim of this work is to place domain names in the legal system, to try their legal classification, explore ways they can be compromised, and to analyze the possibilities of their protection. Particular attention is paid to the international management of domain names and legal grounds of the issue. Given that the topic of protection of domain names is relatively little explored, particular primary sources of relevant information will be subject to review, ie international standards and laws, as well as technical articles and case law. Resources will be handled mainly by descriptive and analytical research method, sometimes complemented by a historical method. The first part defines the basic concepts largely of a technical nature relating to the internet and domain names whose knowledge is essential to understand the issue and its legal assessment. The second part defines the term and the concept of domains and domain names and their permissible forms, and also presents a typology of Top Level Domains. The third part deals with international and national management of domains and domain names. It presents the most important authorities in the field of domain names, key institutions and organizations, the circumstances of their foundation, and international and national...

The major theme of this research is the manner in which luxury good companies enter an emerging market economy, such as South Africa. The study thoroughly analyses how the emerging middle class of the country perceive luxury brands in term of being either status-giving or conspicuous. The study used a scale to measure luxury brands’ status and conspicuousness by analysing well-established international luxury brands that have a large footprint in South Africa as a reference point. The dimensions of luxury brand perception were measured when the scale between status and conspicuousness was utilised. This study employed a Factor Analysis as well as Perceptual Mapping in order to determine the relationship between conspicuous- and status consumption in the South African emerging market. The data was collected from 120 consumers who were owners of luxury products, but were deemed to be part of the upper middle class. Status and conspicuousness were revealed as two separate but related constructs, yet the South African emerging consumer does not discern between these two aspects. Strategic marketing implications for marketing managers were identified and discussed within the five brands that were selected, and their relevant product categories. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / bmgibs2015 / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / Unrestricted

Šio darbo pagrindinis tikslas buvo išsiaiškinti, ar galimas toks atvejis, kad tėvų teisė parinkti vaiko vardą būtų ribojama. Atlikus analizę, buvo nustatyta, kad esama tokių atvejų, kai tėvai parinkdami vardus savo vaikams elgiasi neatsakingai ir neapgalvotai, taip pažeisdami vaiko interesus. Darbe buvo išsiaiškintos vaiko ir vardo sąvokos, apžvelgiant tiek bendrinį, tiek teisinį apibėžimus. Pabrėžtina, kad vardo sąvoka darbe buvo naudojama siaurąją prasme. Buvo keliamas ir teisės į vardą bei privatumo santykio klausimas, išskiriant, kad vaiko vardas yra jo tapatybės sudėtinė dalis, Buvo padaryta išvada, kad vaiko teisė į vardą yra glaudžiai susijusi su kitomis vaiko teisėmis, tarp tokių buvo minima vaiko teisė į individualybės išsaugojimą, teisė į sveiką vystymąsi, orumo užtikrinimą ir nediskriminaciją. Pasiremiant psichologų atliktais tyrimų duomenis, buvo atkreipiamas dėmesys, kad asmens vardas yra gerokai daugiau nei skiriamasis ženklas, padedantis atskirti vienus žmones nuo kitų. Buvo pastebėta, kad vardo įtaką vaiko gyvenime yra matoma nuo tada, kai tik jis pradeda suprasti savo vardo skambesio prasmę. Darbe buvo iškeltas klausimas ar teisės į vardą ribojimas nepažeistų tėvų interesų, žvelgiant iš privataus šeimos gyvenimo perspektyvos. Tačiau buvo nustatyta, kad tai, jog valstybėje yra tam tikras teisinis reguliavimas dėl vardų registravimo tvarkos, dar nereiškia jog taip savaime pažeidžiama šeimos teisė į privatumą. Atlikus teisės aktų analizę, buvo pastebėta, kad... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of this thesis is to investigate whether the parents’ right to choose a child’s name can be restricted. The subject is relevant and this is justified by reviews of legal regulations and case law of different countries. The analysis shows that there are some cases when parents irresponsibly choose names for their children, thus violating child’s interests. In order to answer this problematic question, it is important to clarify the concepts of a child and a name considering both general and legal definitions. In this paper, a child is a special entity for whose proper fulfillment of rights a special protection is provided. The thesis also assesses the functions of legal regulations taking into account whether the legal norms that regulate name registration process means that the country ensures and respects child’s rights. It is emphasized that the concept of name is used in its narrow sense, excluding last name and nickname. Moreover, another relevant question of the thesis is the right to the name and privacy relation. It is emphasized that child’s name is the component of identity, therefore both child’s parents and the country have to ensure that child’s identity and relation with the family are preserved. This aspect is investigated referring to both European Court of Human Rights and judicial judgments of other countries. Only those questions that are related to the content of child’s right to the name are discussed in the practical part. After a review of the... [to full text]