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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
131

Piezospectroscopic Calibration of Alumina-Nanocomposites for the Development of Stress-Sensing Structures

Fugon-Dessources, Daniela 01 January 2014 (has links)
Alpha-alumina is known to exhibit photo-luminescent (PL) properties, mainly characteristic R-lines that shift according to applied stress. In addition to showing excellent PL properties, polymers with embedded alumina nanoparticles have been shown to improve the overall composite mechanical properties. While the use of the PL properties to develop stress-sensing materials using an alumina-epoxy material has been success- fully shown in compression, the properties have not been developed for tension. In this study, the PL response of variable volume fraction alumina-epoxy composites will be determined under tensile conditions. It is expected that increasing the volume fraction of alumina nanoparticles will increase the sensitivity of the particles PL emission shift to applied stress. Three tensile alumina-epoxy specimens of 21.0%, 31.2%, and 34.5% volume fractions were manufactured and tested under tensile static loads. The results of this experiment will determine the piezospectroscopic (PS) coeffi cient and calibration of bulk alumina nanocomposites in tension. A linear region was identified in the PS response of the nanocomposite to the applied tensile load. The PS coeffi cient of this linear region increased as the volume fraction of the nanocomposite increased. To demonstrate the application of structural composites with stress sensing capabilities, alumina nanoparticles were integrated in the manufacturing of a carbon fiber composite specimen. The results of the stress-sensing composite mechanical experiment showed that alumina nanoparticles were able to detect changes in stress. The results for both the bulk nanocomposite calibrations and the application of stress-sensing alumina nanoparticles in a carbon-fiber composite will advance the development of this novel stress-sensing method.
132

Chain extension of polyamide 6/organoclay nanocomposites

Tuna, Basak, Benkreira, Hadj 19 April 2019 (has links)
Yes / Thermal degradation of polyamide 6 (PA6)/organoclay nanocomposites is a serious impediment to wider applications of these nanocomposites. In this study, a solution is proposed based on the well‐established use of chain extenders. As in PA6, thermal degradation, in the absence of moisture, produces broken polymer chains with amide end groups, a chain extender with anhydride functionalities, known to be strongly reactive with amide groups, was used to reconnect the chains. Experiments conducted using a laboratory twin‐screw extruder were first checked, through transmission electron microscopy observations, to have produced good organoclay intercalation and exfoliation into PA6. Following from this, samples with the chain extender added were produced and characterized. The data obtained were conclusive in the effectiveness of the chain extender: for the chain extended nanocomposites, there is an enhancement in the value of the complex viscosity by 7 times and in the storage modulus by 88 times, while the tensile modulus increased by 57% compared with the neat PA6. The nonchain extended nanocomposite achieved in comparison an enhancement of 2 times the value of the complex viscosity and 19 times the storage modulus while the tensile modulus increased by 53% compared to the neat PA6. These data provide conclusive proof on the rationale that anhydride functionalities should be sought when developing chain extenders for PA6 nanocomposites. / Government of Turkey
133

Couches minces nanocomposites contrôlées pour un nouveau système d'administration de médicaments pour des implants cardiovasculaires : décomposition des précurseurs organiques et transport des nanoparticules dans un plasma de décharge à barrière diélectrique à pression atmosphérique

Milaniak, Natalia 15 November 2021 (has links)
Mémoire ou thèse en cotutelle / Les maladies du cœur et des vaisseaux sanguins sont encore aujourd'hui, les principales causes de décès dans la plupart des pays européens, au Canada et aux États-Unis. Souvent, un blocage des artères induit par une sténose entraîne la nécessité d'une chirurgie de pontage. Même si l'utilisation des veines du patient lui-même évite la réponse immunitaire et semble être la solution la plus avantageuse, elle s'avère en fait infructueuse dans un tiers des cas. Pour cette raison, des greffes vasculaires en polytétrafluoroéthylène (PTFE) sont utilisées. Elles présentent de bonnes propriétés mécaniques et une bonne stabilité mais peuvent, dans certains cas, avoir des effets secondaires indésirables et provoquer une hyperplasie néo-intimale à l'interface entre le vaisseau natif et la greffe vasculaire, ce qui en retour peut entraîner une resténose. Afin d'inhiber ce phénomène, il a été proposé d'utiliser un médicament, le mésylate d'imatinib (IM), qui est un inhibiteur de trois récepteurs de kinase à savoir le PDGF-R, le c-Kit et l'abl, les deux premiers étant impliqués dans le mécanisme du phénomène à inhiber. Il a été démontré in vitro que de petites doses de IM inhibent avec succès la prolifération des cellules musculaires lisses (CML) sans ralentir l'endothélialisation. Ce médicament a donc été choisi pour améliorer la fonctionnalité des greffes vasculaires en PTFE. L'objectif de ce projet est de trouver un moyen de développer une approche innovante pour incorporer le mésylate d'imatinib dans les greffons vasculaires et permettre sa libération contrôlée au contact du sang. Pour ce faire, la création de films minces par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur assisté par plasma à pression atmosphérique (AP-PECVD) dans une configuration de décharge de barrière diélectrique (DBD) a été réalisée. Pour protéger le médicament des espèces énergétiques et réactives du plasma, il a été encapsulé dans des nanoparticules (NP) qui ajoutent aussi un autre niveau de contrôle de la libération du médicament. Ainsi, le dépôt d'une couche mince organique nanostructurée par des NPs de silice remplie de médicament a été réalisé sous pression atmosphérique dans un plasma d'argon. Le problème a tout d'abord été abordé par l'étude de la décomposition du précurseur organique dans une DBD plan-plan par spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier (IRTF) et la corrélation avec la chimie du film déposé. Dans un premier temps, l'observation d'artéfacts dans les spectres infrarouges du plasma, attribués à tort dans la littérature à des raies de vibration, a été expliquée et décrite mathématiquement. Les résultats obtenus montrent que le nombre d'onde auquel ces artéfacts sont observés dépendent de la fréquence à laquelle est généré le plasma et de la fréquence d'échantillonnage de l'interférogramme mesuré par le spectromètre. En second lieu, la technologie plasma à la pression atmosphérique en mode FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) à 1 kHz et 15 kHz a été mise à profit pour déposer conjointement un polymère plasma, en utilisant le lactate d'éthyle comme précurseur, et des nanoparticules de silices, préalablement dispersées dans le précurseur. Encore une fois, la phase plasma a été caractérisée par spectroscopie infrarouge alors que le nanocomposite obtenu a été étudié par spectroscopie infrarouge, microscopie à balayage et microscopie à force atomique. Ces travaux démontrent clairement que les nanoparticules sont préférentiellement déposées pendant le cycle de basse fréquence de la décharge alors que la polymérisation du précurseur, qui requiert plus d'énergie, est plutôt observée à plus haute fréquence. Par la suite, la spectroscopie infrarouge résolue dans l'espace a été utilisée pour comparer les mécanismes de polymérisation du lactate d'éthyle pour deux modes de décharge, à savoir le régime filamentaire et le régime homogène. Les résultats ainsi générés ont permis de suivre la dégradation du précurseur organique au long de la décharge et de corréler cette information avec la composition du polymère plasma déposé. Ils ont aussi montré que la spectroscopie IRTF du gaz permet de caractériser les NPs. Finalement, les annexes de cette thèse présentent des résultats préliminaires qui visent à démontrer la faisabilité d'application des couches développées à des prothèses vasculaires et le potentiel de la stratégie globale pour inhiber la prolifération des cellules musculaires lisses. En annexe de la thèse, une recherche sur la faisabilité de la création de nanoparticules métalliques dans des plasmas gazeux est abordée et présentée. / Diseases of the heart and blood vessels are still the leading causes of death in most European countries, as well as Canada and the USA. Often, a blockage of the arteries induced by stenosis results in the need for a bypass surgery. Even though, harvesting the vein from the patient himself, avoiding immune response, seems like the most advantageous solution, it does in fact, in one third of the cases, show to be unsuccessful. For that reason, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) vascular grafts are used. They show to have good mechanical properties and stability but could, in some cases, have unwanted side effect and cause neointimal hyperplasia on the interface between the native vessel and the vascular graft, this in return can result in restenosis. In order to inhibit this phenomenon, it has been proposed to use a drug, matinib mesylate (IM), which is an inhibitor of three kinase receptors: PDGF-R, c-Kit and abl, where the first two ones are implicated in the occurrence of neointimal hyperplasia. It has been shown that small doses of IM successfully inhibit SMC proliferation without slowing down the endothelialisation, hence it has been chosen as the drug to improve the functionality of PTFE vascular grafts. The goal of this project was to find a way to develop an innovative approach to incorporate imatinib mesylate into the vascular grafts and enable its controlled release upon contact with the blood. To do that, the creation of thin films by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (AP-PECVD) in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) configuration was chosen to be conducted. However, to protect the drug from the energetic and reactive plasma species, nanoparticles (NPs) were used to encapsulate the drug and to act as another level for controlled drug release. Indeed, deposition of an organic nanostructured, by silica nanoparticles, drug-filled thin layer has been achieved under atmospheric pressure in an argon plasma. The way this problem was tackled, was to first study the behavior of the organic precursor in the plasma by in-situ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), while the thin film is deposited and compare with the characterization of the final layer.First, the observation of artefacts in infrared spectra of plasmas, mistakenly attributed in the literature to vibration lines, was explained and described mathematically. The results obtained show that the wavenumber at which these artefacts are observed depends on the frequency at which the plasma is generated and on the sampling frequency of the interferogram measured by the spectrometer. Secondly, plasma technology at atmospheric pressure in FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) mode at 1 kHz and 15 kHz was used to simultaneously deposit a plasma polymer, using ethyl lactate as a precursor, and silica nanoparticles, dispersed beforehand in the precursor. Again, the plasma phase was characterized by infrared spectroscopy while the resulting nanocomposite was studied by infrared spectroscopy, scanning microscopy and atomic force microscopy. This work clearly shows that the nanoparticles are preferentially deposited during the low frequency cycle of the discharge, while the polymerization of the precursor, which requires more energy, is rather observed at a higher frequency. Subsequently, space-resolved infrared spectroscopy was used to compare the polymerization mechanisms of ethyl lactate for two modes of discharge, namely the filamentary regime and the homogeneous regime. The results thus generated made it possible to follow the degradation of the organic precursor throughout the discharge and to correlate this information with the composition of the plasma polymer deposited. They also showed that FTIR gas spectroscopy makes it possible to characterize the NPs. Finally, the conclusions of this thesis present preliminary results which aim to demonstrate the feasibility of applying the developed layers to vascular prostheses and the potential of the overall strategy to inhibit the proliferation of smooth muscle cells. En annexe de la thèse, une recherche sur la faisabilité de la création de nanoparticules métalliques dans des plasmas gazeux est abordée et présentée.
134

Cyanate Ester, Epoxy And Epoxy/Cyanate Ester Matrix Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Nanocomposites

Liang, Kaiwen 10 December 2005 (has links)
Cyanate ester (PT-15, Lonza Corp) composites containing the inorganic-organic hybrid polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS), octaaminophenyl(T8)POSS (C6H4NH2)8(SiO1.5)8, cyanopropylheptacyclopentyl(T8)POSS, (C5H9)7(SiO1.5)8(CH2) 3CN or TriSilanolPhenylPOSS (C42H38O12Si7), were synthesized respectively. These PT-15/POSS composites were characterized by FT-IR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (X-EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and three-point bending flexural tests. XRD, TEM and IR data are all consistent with molecular dispersion of octaaminophenyl(T8)POSS and TriSilanolPhenylPOSS due to the chemical bonding of the POSS macromer into the continuous cyanate ester network phase. In contrast to octaaminophenyl(T8) POSS and TriSilanolPhenylPOSS, cyanopropylheptacyclopentyl (T8)POSS has a low solubility in PT-15 and does not react with the resin before or during the cure. The TriSilanolPhenylPOSS (C42H38O12Si7) was incorporated into the aliphatic epoxy (Epoxy 9000, Clearstream Products, Inc.) in 99/1, 97/3, 95/5, 90/10 and 85/15 w/w ratios and cured. This same epoxy resin was also blended with an equal weight (50/50 w/w) of cyanate ester resin (PT-15, Lonza Corp) and TriSilanolPhenylPOSS was added in resin/POSS weight ratios of 99/1, 97/3, 95/5, 90/10 and 85/15 and cured. Both sets of composites were characterized by FT-IR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (X-EDS), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and three-point bending flexural tests. TriSilanolPhenyl-POSS was first thoroughly dispersed into the uncured liquid epoxy resin or the epoxy/PT-15 blend. XRD and X-EDS measurements after curing were consistent with partial molecular dispersion of the POSS units in the continuous matrix phase, while the remainder forms POSS aggregates. TEM and SEM show that POSS?enriched nanoparticles are present in the matrix resins of both the epoxy/POSS and epoxy-PT-15/POSS composites.
135

Characterization and Analysis of Graphite Nanocomposites for Thermal Management of Electronics

Mahanta, Nayandeep Kumar January 2009 (has links)
No description available.
136

Novel Approaches For Nanocomposites Preparation and Characterization

Zhang, Xiao 10 June 2014 (has links)
No description available.
137

Sustainable Polycarbonate Nanocomposites: Impact of Production Method and Composition

Zhang, Wei January 2014 (has links)
No description available.
138

Synthesis and Characterization of Crosslinked Polyurethane-Clay Nanocomposites

Peng, Shirley 30 June 2015 (has links)
No description available.
139

Percolation Modeling in Polymer Nanocomposites

Belashi, Azita 24 May 2011 (has links)
No description available.
140

Synthesis and properties of polyimide/organo clay and polyimide/polyaniline-modified clay nanocomposites

Wang, Jia 06 December 2010 (has links)
No description available.

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