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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Development of a branch and price approach involving vertex cloning to solve the maximum weighted independent set problem

Sachdeva, Sandeep 12 April 2006 (has links)
We propose a novel branch-and-price (B&P) approach to solve the maximum weighted independent set problem (MWISP). Our approach uses clones of vertices to create edge-disjoint partitions from vertex-disjoint partitions. We solve the MWISP on sub-problems based on these edge-disjoint partitions using a B&P framework, which coordinates sub-problem solutions by involving an equivalence relationship between a vertex and each of its clones. We present test results for standard instances and randomly generated graphs for comparison. We show analytically and computationally that our approach gives tight bounds and it solves both dense and sparse graphs quite quickly.
2

Development of a branch and price approach involving vertex cloning to solve the maximum weighted independent set problem

Sachdeva, Sandeep 12 April 2006 (has links)
We propose a novel branch-and-price (B&P) approach to solve the maximum weighted independent set problem (MWISP). Our approach uses clones of vertices to create edge-disjoint partitions from vertex-disjoint partitions. We solve the MWISP on sub-problems based on these edge-disjoint partitions using a B&P framework, which coordinates sub-problem solutions by involving an equivalence relationship between a vertex and each of its clones. We present test results for standard instances and randomly generated graphs for comparison. We show analytically and computationally that our approach gives tight bounds and it solves both dense and sparse graphs quite quickly.
3

Mapeamento estático de processos MPI com emparelhamento perfeito de custo máximo em cluster homogêneo de multi-cores / Static MPI processes mapping using maximum weighted perfect matching at homogeneous multi-core clusters

Ferreira, Manuela Klanovicz January 2012 (has links)
Um importante fator que precisa ser considerado para alcançar alto desempenho em aplicações paralelas é a distribuição dos processos nos núcleos do sistema, denominada mapeamento de processos. Mesmo o mapeamento estático de processos é um problema NP-difícil. Por esse motivo, são utilizadas heurísticas que dependem da aplicação e do hardware no qual a aplicação será mapeada. Nas arquiteturas atuais, além da possibilidade de haver mais de um processador por nó do cluster, é possível haver mais de um núcleo de processamento por processador, assim, o mapeamento estático de processos pode considerar pelo menos três níveis de comunicação entre os processos que executam em um cluster multi-core: intra-chip, intra-nó e inter-nó. Este trabalho propõe a heurística MapEME (Mapeamento Estático MPI com Emparelhamento) que emprega o Emparelhamento Perfeito de Custo Máximo (EPCM) no cálculo do mapeamento estático de processos paralelos MPI em processadores multi-core. Os resultados alcançados pelo mapeamento gerado pela MapEME são comparados aos resultados obtidos pelo mapeamento gerado pela aplicação Scotch, que utiliza o Biparticionamento Recursivo Dual (BRD), já utilizado como heurística para mapeamento estático de processos. Ambas as heurísticas são comparadas à Busca Exaustiva (BE) para verificar o quanto estão próximas do ótimo. Os três métodos têm a complexidade e o ganho no tempo de execução em ralação à distribuição padrão da biblioteca MPICH2 comparados entre si. A principal contribuição deste trabalho é mostrar que a heurística EPCM apresenta ganho de até 40% equivalente a já difundida BRD, e possui uma complexidade menor ao ser aplicado em um cluster multi-core que compartilha cache nível 2 a cada dois núcleos. / An important factor that must be considered to achieve high performance on parallel applications is the mapping of processes on cores. However, since this is defined as an NP-Hard problem, it requires different mapping heuristics that depends on the application and the hardware on which it will be mapped. On the current architectures we can have more than one multi-core processors per node, and consequently the process mapping can consider three process communication types: intrachip, intranode and internode. This work propose the MapEME (Static Mapping MPI using Matching) that use the Maximum Weighted Perfect Matching (MWPM) to calculate the static process mapping and analyze its performance. The results provided by MapEME are compared with the results of application Scotch. It uses Dual Recursive Bipartitioning (DRB), an already used heuristics for static mapping. Both heuristics are compared with Exhaustive Search (ES) to verify how much the two heuristics are near the optimum. The three methods have theirs complexities analyzed. Also the mapping gain when compared with the standard MPICH2 distribution was measured. The main contribution of this work is to show that the heuristic, EPCM, provides gain up to 40%, close of DRB gain. Furthermore, EPCM has a lower complexity when applied to a multicore cluster that shares L2 cache every two cores.
4

Mapeamento estático de processos MPI com emparelhamento perfeito de custo máximo em cluster homogêneo de multi-cores / Static MPI processes mapping using maximum weighted perfect matching at homogeneous multi-core clusters

Ferreira, Manuela Klanovicz January 2012 (has links)
Um importante fator que precisa ser considerado para alcançar alto desempenho em aplicações paralelas é a distribuição dos processos nos núcleos do sistema, denominada mapeamento de processos. Mesmo o mapeamento estático de processos é um problema NP-difícil. Por esse motivo, são utilizadas heurísticas que dependem da aplicação e do hardware no qual a aplicação será mapeada. Nas arquiteturas atuais, além da possibilidade de haver mais de um processador por nó do cluster, é possível haver mais de um núcleo de processamento por processador, assim, o mapeamento estático de processos pode considerar pelo menos três níveis de comunicação entre os processos que executam em um cluster multi-core: intra-chip, intra-nó e inter-nó. Este trabalho propõe a heurística MapEME (Mapeamento Estático MPI com Emparelhamento) que emprega o Emparelhamento Perfeito de Custo Máximo (EPCM) no cálculo do mapeamento estático de processos paralelos MPI em processadores multi-core. Os resultados alcançados pelo mapeamento gerado pela MapEME são comparados aos resultados obtidos pelo mapeamento gerado pela aplicação Scotch, que utiliza o Biparticionamento Recursivo Dual (BRD), já utilizado como heurística para mapeamento estático de processos. Ambas as heurísticas são comparadas à Busca Exaustiva (BE) para verificar o quanto estão próximas do ótimo. Os três métodos têm a complexidade e o ganho no tempo de execução em ralação à distribuição padrão da biblioteca MPICH2 comparados entre si. A principal contribuição deste trabalho é mostrar que a heurística EPCM apresenta ganho de até 40% equivalente a já difundida BRD, e possui uma complexidade menor ao ser aplicado em um cluster multi-core que compartilha cache nível 2 a cada dois núcleos. / An important factor that must be considered to achieve high performance on parallel applications is the mapping of processes on cores. However, since this is defined as an NP-Hard problem, it requires different mapping heuristics that depends on the application and the hardware on which it will be mapped. On the current architectures we can have more than one multi-core processors per node, and consequently the process mapping can consider three process communication types: intrachip, intranode and internode. This work propose the MapEME (Static Mapping MPI using Matching) that use the Maximum Weighted Perfect Matching (MWPM) to calculate the static process mapping and analyze its performance. The results provided by MapEME are compared with the results of application Scotch. It uses Dual Recursive Bipartitioning (DRB), an already used heuristics for static mapping. Both heuristics are compared with Exhaustive Search (ES) to verify how much the two heuristics are near the optimum. The three methods have theirs complexities analyzed. Also the mapping gain when compared with the standard MPICH2 distribution was measured. The main contribution of this work is to show that the heuristic, EPCM, provides gain up to 40%, close of DRB gain. Furthermore, EPCM has a lower complexity when applied to a multicore cluster that shares L2 cache every two cores.
5

Mapeamento estático de processos MPI com emparelhamento perfeito de custo máximo em cluster homogêneo de multi-cores / Static MPI processes mapping using maximum weighted perfect matching at homogeneous multi-core clusters

Ferreira, Manuela Klanovicz January 2012 (has links)
Um importante fator que precisa ser considerado para alcançar alto desempenho em aplicações paralelas é a distribuição dos processos nos núcleos do sistema, denominada mapeamento de processos. Mesmo o mapeamento estático de processos é um problema NP-difícil. Por esse motivo, são utilizadas heurísticas que dependem da aplicação e do hardware no qual a aplicação será mapeada. Nas arquiteturas atuais, além da possibilidade de haver mais de um processador por nó do cluster, é possível haver mais de um núcleo de processamento por processador, assim, o mapeamento estático de processos pode considerar pelo menos três níveis de comunicação entre os processos que executam em um cluster multi-core: intra-chip, intra-nó e inter-nó. Este trabalho propõe a heurística MapEME (Mapeamento Estático MPI com Emparelhamento) que emprega o Emparelhamento Perfeito de Custo Máximo (EPCM) no cálculo do mapeamento estático de processos paralelos MPI em processadores multi-core. Os resultados alcançados pelo mapeamento gerado pela MapEME são comparados aos resultados obtidos pelo mapeamento gerado pela aplicação Scotch, que utiliza o Biparticionamento Recursivo Dual (BRD), já utilizado como heurística para mapeamento estático de processos. Ambas as heurísticas são comparadas à Busca Exaustiva (BE) para verificar o quanto estão próximas do ótimo. Os três métodos têm a complexidade e o ganho no tempo de execução em ralação à distribuição padrão da biblioteca MPICH2 comparados entre si. A principal contribuição deste trabalho é mostrar que a heurística EPCM apresenta ganho de até 40% equivalente a já difundida BRD, e possui uma complexidade menor ao ser aplicado em um cluster multi-core que compartilha cache nível 2 a cada dois núcleos. / An important factor that must be considered to achieve high performance on parallel applications is the mapping of processes on cores. However, since this is defined as an NP-Hard problem, it requires different mapping heuristics that depends on the application and the hardware on which it will be mapped. On the current architectures we can have more than one multi-core processors per node, and consequently the process mapping can consider three process communication types: intrachip, intranode and internode. This work propose the MapEME (Static Mapping MPI using Matching) that use the Maximum Weighted Perfect Matching (MWPM) to calculate the static process mapping and analyze its performance. The results provided by MapEME are compared with the results of application Scotch. It uses Dual Recursive Bipartitioning (DRB), an already used heuristics for static mapping. Both heuristics are compared with Exhaustive Search (ES) to verify how much the two heuristics are near the optimum. The three methods have theirs complexities analyzed. Also the mapping gain when compared with the standard MPICH2 distribution was measured. The main contribution of this work is to show that the heuristic, EPCM, provides gain up to 40%, close of DRB gain. Furthermore, EPCM has a lower complexity when applied to a multicore cluster that shares L2 cache every two cores.
6

From multitarget tracking to event recognition in videos

Brendel, William 12 May 2011 (has links)
This dissertation addresses two fundamental problems in computer vision—namely, multitarget tracking and event recognition in videos. These problems are challenging because uncertainty may arise from a host of sources, including motion blur, occlusions, and dynamic cluttered backgrounds. We show that these challenges can be successfully addressed by using a multiscale, volumetric video representation, and taking into account various constraints between events offered by domain knowledge. The dissertation presents our two alternative approaches to multitarget tracking. The first approach seeks to transitively link object detections across consecutive video frames by finding the maximum independent set of a graph of all object detections. Two maximum-independent-set algorithms are specified, and their convergence properties theoretically analyzed. The second approach hierarchically partitions the space-time volume of a video into tracks of objects, producing a segmentation graph of that video. The resulting tracks encode rich contextual cues between salient video parts in space and time, and thus facilitate event recognition, and segmentation in space and time. We also describe our two alternative approaches to event recognition. The first approach seeks to learn a structural probabilistic model of an event class from training videos represented by hierarchical segmentation graphs. The graph model is then used for inference of event occurrences in new videos. Learning and inference algorithms are formulated within the same framework, and their convergence rates theoretically analyzed. The second approach to event recognition uses probabilistic first-order logic for reasoning over continuous time intervals. We specify the syntax, learning, and inference algorithms of this probabilistic event logic. Qualitative and quantitative results on benchmark video datasets are also presented. The results demonstrate that our approaches provide consistent video interpretation with respect to acquired domain knowledge. We outperform most of the state-of-the-art approaches on benchmark datasets. We also present our new basketball dataset that complements existing benchmarks with new challenges. / Graduation date: 2011 / Access restricted to the OSU Community at author's request from May 12, 2011 - May 12, 2012
7

A Novel Refinement Method For Automatic Image Annotation Systems

Demircioglu, Ersan 01 June 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Image annotation could be defined as the process of assigning a set of content related words to the image. An automatic image annotation system constructs the relationship between words and low level visual descriptors, which are extracted from images and by using these relationships annotates a newly seen image. The high demand on image annotation requirement increases the need to automatic image annotation systems. However, performances of current annotation methods are far from practical usage. The most common problem of current methods is the gap between semantic words and low level visual descriptors. Because of the semantic gap, annotation results of these methods contain irrelevant noisy words. To give more relevant results, refinement methods should be applied to classical image annotation outputs. In this work, we represent a novel refinement approach for image annotation problem. The proposed system attacks the semantic gap problem by using the relationship between the words which are obtained from the dataset. Establishment of this relationship is the most crucial problem of the refinement process. In this study, we suggest a probabilistic and fuzzy approach for modelling the relationship among the words in the vocabulary, which is then employed to generate candidate annotations, based on the output of the image annotator. Candidate annotations are represented by a set of relational graphs. Finally, one of the generated candidate annotations is selected as a refined annotation result by using a clique optimization technique applied to the candidate annotation graph.
8

[en] BOUNDING BOXES SELECTION IN OBJECT DETECTION ARCHITECTURES / [pt] SELEÇÃO DE RETÂNGULOS ENVOLVENTES EM ARQUITETURAS PARA DETECÇÃO DE OBJETOS

CLAUDIO VIEIRA ESCUDERO 30 June 2021 (has links)
[pt] Esta dissertação estuda métodos e algoritmos para critérios de seleções dos retângulos envolventes focando em arquiteturas de detecção de objetos baseada redes neurais convolucionais para tempo real, que processam mais de 30fps, que também possibilitam a expansão para outras arquiteturas. O objetivo desta dissertação é melhorar as métricas Recall e Precision, proporcionando mais assertividade nos resultados destas arquiteturas sem a necessidade de recriá-las ou retreiná-las, diminuindo, assim, os recursos para manutenções. As arquiteturas que trabalham em tempo real normalmente não apresentam melhores resultados, pois são desenvolvidas visando a redução do tempo de execução. Para resolver estes problemas, serão testados outros métodos de critérios de seleção de retângulos envolventes em estado da arte, são eles: Nonmaximum Suppression (NMS), Soft-NMS, Non-Maximum Weighted (NMW) e Weighted Boxes Fusion (WBF). Os resultados obtidos foram comparados aos originais das arquiteturas, utilizando as métricas mAP, Recall e Precision. Através desta comparação foi possível comprovar que os novos critérios apresentaram bons resultados. O tempo de execução dos novos critérios também foi analisado com execuções de imagens em lotes, contornando alguns overheads dos critérios mais pesados. As arquiteturas utilizadas como base nos experimentos foram baseadas nos sistemas YOLOv3-Tiny e YOLOv4-Tiny, utilizando o dataset QMUL-OpenLogo público e especializado em logotipos e baseado em fotos reais. / [en] This dissertation studies methods and algorithms for bounding box selection criteria focusing on object detection architectures based on convolutional neural networks for real-time, processing over 30fps, which also allow expansion to other architectures. The goal of this study is to improve the Recall and Precision metrics, providing more assertiveness in the results of these architectures without the need to recreate or retrain them, thus reducing the resources for maintenance. Architectures that work in real-time usually do not present good results, because they are developed aiming to reduce execution time. To solve these problems, other state-of-the-art bounding box selection criteria methods will be tested: Non-maximum Suppression (NMS), Soft-NMS, Non-Maximum Weighted (NMW) and Weighted Boxes Fusion (WBF). The results obtained were compared to the original architectures, using the mAP, Recall and Precision metrics. Through this comparison it was possible to prove that the new criteria presented satisfactory results. The execution time of the new criteria was also analyzed with batch image executions, bypassing some overheads of the heavier criteria. The architectures used as basis for the experiments were based on the YOLOv3-Tiny and YOLOv4-Tiny systems, using the public dataset QMUL-OpenLogo specialized in logos and based on real photos.

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