Between 1940 and 1945, the Special Operations Executive (SOE) carried out sabotage and organised resistance across occupied Europe. There have, however, only been a small number of scholarly studies of SOE’s activities, and no specific examination of its involvement in occupied Norway. This thesis, therefore, is the first multi-archival, international, and academic analysis of its policy and operations in this country and the influences that shaped them. The proposition is that it was the changing contribution of both SOE and Norway within the wider strategic context in Europe that was the predominant factor behind its plans for this theatre, and other factors, although material, were of secondary importance. These included SOE’s relationship with the Norwegian government-in-exile and the resistant movements that emerged in response to the occupation, especially Milorg, which set out to form an underground army within the country. As well as collaboration with the other clandestine organisations and regular armed forces that had a military involvement in Norway. Through an examination of these contextual influences this work argues that between 1940 and 1945, in step with its original strategic role, SOE’s policy for Norway consisted of a short-term objective, which through activities such as sabotage was to help undermine German fighting strength, and a long-term objective of forming a secret army. These aims could not, however, be achieved or implemented without the co-operation of the Norwegian military authorities and Milorg, who provided most of the manpower, and the assistance of the other military agencies that often operated alongside SOE. From the beginning, therefore, SOE deliberately set out to work with all these parties, but always on the basis that any joint activity was undertaken in accordance with British and Allied interests. This meant that SOE’s operations in Norway were ultimately the result of a blend of influences. It was, however, this country’s subordinate and peripheral position in relation to the main thrust of Allied strategy in Europe that was the crucial factor. The constructive relationship that the organisation eventually had with the Norwegian authorities and Milorg was also important because it meant that SOE both received the support it required and managed to ensure Allied control over special operations in this theatre. It was, therefore, a relationship that was beneficial and rather than undermining SOE’s plans, it underpinned them and guaranteed they remained in step with strategic and military requirements.

Previous studies in localised areas have revealed spatial variability on Nephrops norvegicus population characteristics. In order to investigate this subject in a comprehensive way, a large amount of Nephrops data (catch rates, size compositions, female maturity condition, moult condition and burrow densities) and related sediment data, from different areas and grounds all around Scotland, were assembled and analysed. The available commercial fishery statistics on Nephrops were also used for this purpose. High variability in depth and sediment size composition was found in Scotland, between and within, Nephrops fishing areas. The East cost areas showed less variability than those from the West coast areas both in terms of depth and sediment types. The particle mean size of the sediments (in phi units) was found to be the most appropriate descriptor of sediment granulometry. Well defined relationships were found between the particle mean size and other sediment characteristics. Equations were provided to convert mean to median particle size and mean to percentage of silt and clay. Organic carbon was found to be linearly correlated to the particle mean size but different trend lines were found for the east and west coast. Contradictory trends in the relationships between the sediment size composition and depth suggested a major role of hydrographic and topographic factors in the distribution of the sediments. Large spatial variability in the biological characteristics of Nephrops living at different fishing grounds was found, between and within areas. Burrow density was directly associated with catch rates, and mean sizes were inversely correlated with catch rates. The female size statistics associated with the reproductive condition (e.g. the size at first maturity) were positively significant correlated with the female overall mean size. Populations with lower catch rates exhibited higher growth performance and size structures characterised by larger mean sizes. Females from populations with faster growth became sexually mature at a larger size than those with slower growth.

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Hovedoppgave i statsvitenskap Universitetet i Oslo Institutt for statsvitenskap.

Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis and Information Operations)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010. / Thesis Advisor: Sepp, Kalev I. ; Second Reader: Tucker, David. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 15, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Norway, Norwegian, special operations, Special Operations Forces, SOF, Information Operations, Psychological Operations, PSYOP, PSYOPS, Computer Network Operations, CNO, Deception, MILDEC, NORSOF, strategic assets, Forsvarets spesialkommando, FSK, Hærens jegerkommando, HJK, NORASOC, Marinejegerkommandoen, MJK, NORNAVSOC, 137 Luftving, 137 Air Wing, Canada, CANSOF, CANSOFCOM, Poland, POLSOF, POLSOCOM, NATO SOF Study. Includes bibliographical references (p. 163-166). Also available in print.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1965. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: l. 143-145.

Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. / Thesis documentation sheet inserted. Appendix reprints four papers and manuscripts co-authored with others. Includes bibliographical references. Issued also electronically via World Wide Web in PDF format; online version lacks appendix.

The history and culture of Scotland has been shaped by its relationships with other cultures across Northern Europe, in particular with continental Europe and Scandinavia. Using the concept of entangled histories, this thesis examines intercultural encounters evident in the historical, material and literary cultures of coastal communities in Scotland and Norway. An interdisciplinary methodology applies methods and perspectives from both history and cultural studies, in order to investigate the relationship between culture and history. The main aim of the research was to establish how transnational cultural regions are created and maintained between Scotland and Norway after 1700. Using case studies from local history, the research aims to capture intercultural histories and diffuse socio-cultural dynamics, and set them in the context of nation- and region-building during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The analysis has therefore focused both on historical and socio-political conditions, but also the everyday experience (Alltagsgeschichte) of people living in regional communities, and how they participate in the construction of transnational memories. Having examined how intercultural narratives are created and adapted in order to renegotiate national and regional identities over time, the research points to the important role played by transnational frameworks and entangled histories. As such, this thesis makes a significant contribution to the fields of British Studies, cultural transfer studies, social history, but also human geography and literature, and other areas of cultural production that create intercultural affinities, identification and belonging in Northern Europe.

No description available.

The present research investigates the social transmission of food preferences in small colonies of domestic rats. In Experiment 1, four demonstrator rats were poisoned for consumption of a particular flavored diet and placed in a floor enclosure with a choice between the averted diet and an alternative diet. These original demonstrators were replaced one by one each 24-hr over a period of 4 days with naive subjects. The original demonstrators effectively transmitted a preference for the alternative diet to the naive replacements, as these replacements exhibited a preference for the alternative diet for a period of 4 days following the departure of the final demonstrator. Employing essentially the same methodology as that used in Experiment 1, videotape analysis of the feeding behavior of subjects on the sixth day (zero original demonstrators, four naive replacements) of Experiment 2 revealed no significant difference in the food choices of the first, second, third and fourth replacement subjects, indicating that naive replacements became effective demonstrators following interaction with original demonstrators. Random placement of the food bowls each day during Experiment 3 revealed that the social transmission of food preferences from original demonstrators to naive replacements can persist in the absence of excretory cues around a particular feeding site. In Experiment 4, removal of demonstrators from the floor enclosure during periods in which foods were available there for replacement subjects to choose between revealed that naive observers could obtain sufficient information from demonstrators during non-consumption periods to guide their food choices. Observers in Experiment 4 exhibited a preference for their respective demonstrators' diets when presented a choice between their demonstrators' diet and an alternative diet in the absence of demonstrators. In the General Discussion, variables were discussed that might modify the strength of socially transmitted food preferences in rats and could be examined in future research using the present paradigm. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)