In this thesis we solve the Gross-Pitaevskii equation numerically in order to model the response of trapped Bose-Einstein condensed gases to perturbations by electromagnetic fields. First, we simulate output coupling of pulses from the condensate and compare our results to experiments. The excitation and separation of eigen-modes on flow through a constriction is also studied. We then move on to the main theme of this thesis: the important subject of quantised vortices in Bose condensates, and the relation between Bose-Einstein condensation and superfluidity. We propose methods of producing vortex pairs and rings by controlled motion of objects. Full three-dimensional simulations under realistic experimental conditions are performed in order to test the validity of these ideas. We link vortex formation to drag forces on the object, which in turn is connected with energy transfer to the condensate. We therefore argue that vortex formation by moving objects is intimately related to the onset of dissipation in superfluids. We discuss this idea in the context of a recent experiment, using simulations to provide evidence of vortex formation in the experimental scenario. Superfluidity is also manifest in the property of persistent currents, which is linked to vortex stability and dynamics. We simulate vortex line and ring motion, and find in both cases precessional motion and thermodynamic instability to dissipation. Strictly speaking, the Gross-Pitaevskii equation is valid only for temperatures far below the BEG transition. We end the thesis by describing a simple finite- temperature model to describe mean-field coupling between condensed and non- condensed components of the gas. We show that our hybrid Monte-Carlo/FFT technique can describe damping of the lowest energy excitations of the system. Extensions to this model and future research directions are discussed in the conclusion.

Spectral methods for partial differential equations with boundary conditions in complex domains are developed with the help of a fictitious domain approach. For rectangular embedding, spectral-Galerkin formulations with special trial and test functions are presented and discussed, as well as the well-posedness and the error analysis. For circular and annular embedding, dimension reduction is applied and a sequence of 1-D problems with artificial boundary values are solved. Applications of our methods include the fractional Laplace problem and the Helmholtz equations. In numerical examples, our methods show good performance on the boundary value problems in both smooth and polygonal complex domains, and the L2 errors decay exponentially for smooth solutions. For singular problems, high-order convergence rates can also be obtained.

<p>In this paper I give a description and derivation of Dirichlet's problem, a boundary value problem, for p-harmonic functions on graphs and study an iterative method for solving it.The method's convergence is proved and some preliminary results about its speed of convergence are presented.There is an implementation accompanying this thesis and a short description of the implementation is included. The implementation will be made available on the internet at http://www.mai.liu.se/~anbjo/pharmgraph/ for as long as possible.</p>

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In this paper I give a description and derivation of Dirichlet's problem, a boundary value problem, for p-harmonic functions on graphs and study an iterative method for solving it.The method's convergence is proved and some preliminary results about its speed of convergence are presented.There is an implementation accompanying this thesis and a short description of the implementation is included. The implementation will be made available on the internet at http://www.mai.liu.se/~anbjo/pharmgraph/ for as long as possible.

Beam problem is very important for engineering theoretically and practically. In this thesis we study such kind of nonlinear 4-th order ordiniary differential equations with nonlinear boundary conditions. The well-posedness of these boundary value problems will be discussed. Moreover, we will design different schemes to solve them, through differential equation, integral equation or minimization. Each type can further be discretized by finite difference, finite element or spectral method, etc. In the end we will compare all methods and find the best one.

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This dissertation presents a multilevel algorithm to solve constant and variable coeffcient elliptic boundary value problems on adaptively refined structured meshes in 2D and 3D. Cacheaware algorithms for optimizing the operations to exploit the cache memory subsystem areshown. Keywords: Multigrid, Cache Aware, Adaptive Mesh Refinement, Partial Differential Equations, Numerical Solution.

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