This work addresses the poroelastic effect on the processes involved in hydraulic fracturing and post-fracture production using a finite element based fully coupled poroelastic model which includes a triple system of wellbore-fracture-reservoir. A novel numerical procedure for modeling hydraulic fracture propagation in a poroelastic medium is introduced. The model directly takes into account the interaction of wellbore, hydraulic fracture and reservoir in a fully coupled manner. This allows realistic simulation of near fracture phenomena such as back stress and leak-off. In addition, fluid leak-off is numerically modeled based on the concept of fluid flow in porous media using a new technique for evaluating local pressure gradient. Besides, the model is capable of accommodating the zone of reduced pressure (including intermediate and fluid lag zones) at the fracture front so as to capture the behavior of fracture tip region more realistically. A fully coupled poroelastic model for gas reservoirs has been also developed using an innovative numerical technique. From the results of this study it has been found that fracture propagation pressure is higher in poroelastic media compared to that of elastic media. Also high formation permeability (in the direction normal to the hydraulic fracture) and large difference between minimum horizontal stress (in case of it being the smallest principal stress) and reservoir pressure reduce the rate of fracture growth. Besides, high pumping rate is more beneficial in elongating a hydraulic fracture whereas high viscous fracturing fluid is advantageous in widening a hydraulic fracture. It has been also shown that rock deformation, permeability anisotropy and modulus of elasticity can have a significant effect on fluid flow in a hydraulically fractured reservoir. Furthermore, it has been shown that long stress reversal time window and large size of stress reversal region can be caused by high initial pressure differential (i.e. the difference between flowing bottomhole pressure and reservoir pressure), low initial differential stress (i.e. the difference between maximum and minimum horizontal stresses) and low formation permeability in tight gas reservoirs. By taking advantage of production induced change in stress state of a reservoir, this study has also shown that a refracture treatment, if carried out in an optimal time window, can lead to higher economic gain. Besides, analysis of stress reversal region has depicted that a small region with high stress concentration in the vicinity of the wellbore could impede refracture from initiating at the desired place. Moreover, re-pressurization of the wellbore can result in further propagation of the initial fracture before initiation or during propagation of the secondary fracture.

Thesis (M.A.)--Baylor University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 239-248).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, National Centre for Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, 2002. / "September 2002" Includes bibliographical references (leaves 200-209).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2000. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Dec. 12, 2000). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 58-83).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Celso Kazuyuki Morooka / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T23:45:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_LeandroAugustoGrandin_M.pdf: 2825767 bytes, checksum: 5cbfd5a04926d5bf83c780db67ca3a60 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O desenvolvimento de campos marítimos de petróleo e gás natural tem se deslocado para águas cada vez mais profundas, ambientes cada vez mais hostis e áreas cada vez mais remotas. A utilização de soluções convencionais para desenvolver tais campos, especialmente o uso exclusivo de processamento primário em superfície e equipamentos elevação artificial instalados dentro de poços pode não justificar os investimentos. O processamento submarino tem aumentado a atratividade ou até viabilizando a produção de campos marítimos. Visto o aumento em sua utilização, os autores propuseram uma metodologia para selecionar conceitos de plantas submarinas para campos de petróleo e gás natural, utilizando informações disponíveis na literatura e suporte de especialistas em tecnologia submarina e modelagem de produção integrada. Uma menor contrapressão no poço produtor é uma potencial consequência do uso de processamento submarino, podendo tornar o perfil de produção mais atrativo. Como consequência, uma abordagem integrada considerando os estudos necessários para avaliar o escoamento dos fluidos de suas fontes iniciais até os destinos finais é necessária para se propor uma metodologia de seleção. Como alternativa à falta de estudos integrados comparando diferentes soluções de desenvolvimento em campos marítimos, informações de quatro desenvolvimentos comerciais que empregaram processamento submarino foram utilizadas para buscar a validação da metodologia. Os resultados destes estudos de caso sugerem que a metodologia é válida, entretanto não é claro que tais desenvolvimentos de produção utilizariam todas as fases propostas / Abstract: The development of offshore oil and natural gas fields has been moving to deeper waters, harsher environments and more remote areas. The use of conventional solutions to develop such fields, especially sole use of surface processing or downhole artificial lift methods, may not justify the investments. Subsea processing has been increasing the attractiveness or even enabling offshore field developments. Given the increase in its use, the authors proposed a methodology to select concepts of subsea processing plants for oil and natural gas fields, using information available in the literature as well as support from specialists in subsea technology and integrated production modelling. Higher drawdown in producer wells is a potential consequence of the use of subsea processing, therefore it may positively impact the production profile. As a consequence, an integrated approach comprising all the studies necessary to assess the flow between the initial sources and the final destinations is necessary to propose a selection methodology. As an alternative to overcome the lack of integrated studies comparing different development solutions in offshore fields, information from four commercial developments that employed subsea processing was used to seek methodology validation. The results of these four case studies suggest that the methodology is valid, although it is not clear if such production developments would utilize all phases proposed / Mestrado / Explotação / Mestra em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo

This study examines the relationship between oil development and social change in Iran. The research focused on the years since 1953 examining the economic structure through the five development plans which were the major vehicles of social transformation. Within this framework the importance of oil, industrialization, land reform,, the labor force, education and health are discussed. Demographic and stratification changes are covered such as changingpopulation patterns, migration, minorities, social classes, and the distribution of wealth. Cultural and social values are then treated with emphasis on the Shah and arms, social control and social behavior. The paper concludes: oil revenues were frequently squandered without real socio-economic benefit to the masses. Economic's mismanagement and rigid social control increases pressures in society causing the 1978 revolution.

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"The object of writing this thesis was to present a brief though fairly detailed history of the oil industry in Texas. The material and facts contained herein were gathered from various sources including books, newspapers, magazines, bulletins, radio programs, letters, and authorized conversations. The main body of this thesis is composed of seven chapters, each of which deals with a certain phase of the oil industry of its effects."--leaf iii