Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Hamburg, 1935. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [5-6]).

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Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Breslau.

This thesis deals with paternity as one of the types of parenthood, specifically with the determination and denial of paternity. Main topics are analytically examined and described from the historical and comparative perspective. It systematically discusses the legal sources, the development of the concept, the general arrangements for parenthood, the determination of maternity, the determination of paternity and its three legal assumptions, the denial of paternity. In its final chapter, the thesis provides a comparative study on law in selected European countries and on the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights related to this issue. The thesis structure reflects that of the Family Act as amended, i. e. the chapter that deals with the determination of motherhood is followed by the chapeter on the determination and denial of paternity. The chapters that deal with the determination and denial of paternity respect the legal division of the issue regulated by the system of legal assumptions related to the determination of paternity. Given the extent of the concept of the determination and denial of paternity, the thesis deals with procedural issues, in particular with different types of evidence and the evolution of their use as a result of scientific developments in the field of biology,...

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Issues of fertility, population growth and birth control are synonymous with women. Therefore, there is a void of the male perspective on issues pertaining to reproductive health. There is a reproductive health discourse, in which bio-psychosocial service such as family planning is woman-based. Whilst on the other hand statistics on absent fathers and contested pregnancies, are reaching millions and thus the effectiveness of these services are questionable. Therefore, men’s health and sexuality requires careful understanding so as to unfold narrations of denied paternity and men’s ‘assumed’ lack of responsibility in questions of contraception. Through in-depth interviews with 14 unmarried men from the townships of Soweto and Kagiso, this research found that contraception is a gendered concept that constructs various experiences for men in how they perceive sexual reproductive health services. It also found that denied paternity and father absences are rooted not only in historical factors but also in feminised conceptions of contraception and how this conception speaks to notions of how responsibility is distributed and withheld. Furthermore, it acknowledges that there are different conceptions of denied paternity and father absence and thus, shapes men’s experiences and expectations of fatherhood. Finally, it argues that masculine sexualities, notions of pleasure and issues of fertility are shaped by sexual socialisation processes; this also links how men transition from boyhood to manhood through circumcision and initiation schools not only as a cultural and religious practice but as a health practice. These narratives were captured through using thematic content analysis in investigating unmarried men’s perceptions of contraceptives and ideas of father absence and denied paternity. This research contributes to the existing knowledge on family and children services, with specific attention to family planning and the provision of services to young men and women regarding reproductive rights and responsibilities.

Although sexual stereotypes paint males as being promiscuous and females as being choosy in order to increase their reproductive success, multiple mating by females is widespread and females of many taxa often produce progeny sired by multiple males – but why? In species in which there are no direct benefits associated with mating, females may adopt promiscuous mating strategies to increase their fitness through the acquisition of genetic benefits. Here, I examine the genetic mating system of map turtles, Graptemys geographica in Lake Opinicon. Based on the most conservative estimate, at least 71% of clutches in this population are sired by multiple males. There did not appear to be any relationship between female body size and frequency of multiple paternity. There was a marginally significant effect of multiple paternity on hatching success and survival of clutches, but there was no effect on hatchling morphology or locomotor performance.

Tėvystės (motinystės) nustatymas vertintinas kaip vienas iš vaiko kilmės nustatymo būdų, kurio įgyvendinimas tiesiogiai susijęs su galimybės įgyvendinti kitus vaiko kilmės nustatymo būdus nebuvimu. Ginčais dėl tėvystės (motinystės) nustatymo siekiama tiek teisiškai įtvirtinti tėvystės (motinystės) faktą, kai vaikas teisiškai turi tik vieną arba neturi nei vieno iš tėvų, o spėjamas vaiko tėvas (motina) nesutinka pripažinti tėvystės (motinystės) fakto, tiek teisinėmis priemonėmis išspręsti tėvystės (motinystės) kolizijos klausimą, kai vaiko tėvo arba motinos statuso siekia daugiau negu vienas asmuo. Darbas remiasi Lietuvos įstatymais ir poįstatyminiais teisės aktais, jų oficialiais išaiškinimais, praktine civilinių bylų medžiaga, civilinės teisės moksline literatūra bei Europos Žmogaus Teisių Teismo jurisprudencija. Pirmajame darbo skyriuje autorius analizuoja tėvystės (motinystės) nustatymą vaiko kilmės nustatymo instituto kontekste, aptaria vaiko kilmės nustatymo būdų tarpusavio ryšį. Taip pat šiame skyriuje nagrinėjama biologinės ir socialinės tėvystės kolizija bei aptariama tėvystės identiškumo apsaugos svarba. Antrasis skyrius skirtas tėvystės (motinystės) nustatymo Lietuvos teismų praktikoje problemoms. Jame analizuojami tiek pozityviųjų, tiek negatyviųjų ginčų dėl tėvystės (motinystės) nustatymo pavyzdžiai, aptariant tėvystės (motinystės) nustatymo sąlygas, tvarką bei pasekmes. Be to, atskirai, atsižvelgiant į problemų specifiką, nagrinėjami motinystės nustatymo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The establishment of paternity (maternity) is regarded as one of child’s origin determination methods. The implementation of this method is directly related with the impossibility of implementation of the other child’s origin determination methods. The target of paternity (maternity) legal disputes is the legal establishment of the paternity (maternity) to particular child in cases, when particular child legally have just one of the parents or legally doesn’t have any parent at all and the possible father (mother) disagree to recognize the fact of paternity (maternity). The target of paternity (maternity) legal disputes also is to resolve the paternity (maternity) conflict, when more than one person is concerned to establish parental status. The research is based on legal acts of the Republic of Lithuania, the official interpretation of law, materials from civil cases, the literature of the civil and family law and the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. In the first chapter of the work the author analyses the determination of paternity (maternity) in the context of the child’s origin determination, discuss the connection between paternity (maternity) establishment and the other methods of child’s origin determination, also analyses the collision between biological and social paternity and the importance of identity protection of paternity. The second chapter of this work deals with the problems of the paternity (maternity) establishment in Lithuanian’s... [to full text]