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Impacto del clima organizacional en la gestión institucional de la Superintendencia Nacional de Aseguramiento en Salud (SUNASA)Devotto Naranjo, Odeli Elizabeth January 2017 (has links)
El objetivo de investigación ha sido determinar la implicancia del clima organizacional en la gestión institucional de la Superintendencia Nacional de Aseguramiento en Salud. La
hipótesis general ha comprobado la existencia de una relación directa y significativa entre el clima organizacional y la gestión institucional; obteniéndose una débil relación entre las
variables.
The research objective has been to determine the implication of the organizational climate in the
institutional management of the National Superintendence of Health Insurance. The
The general hypothesis has proven the existence of a direct and significant relationship between the organizational climate and institutional management; obtaining a weak relationship between variables
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A gestão escolarizada do programa de alimentação escolar no estado de Góias / The schooled model in National Scholl Lunch Program of Goiás StateValeriani, Thaís de Souza Machado 27 April 2011 (has links)
Com o intuito de atender às recomendações do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE), o poder público adota modelos de gestão que julga eficiente, porém as informações sobre a eficácia e eficiência, antes e após a implementação dos mesmos são escassas, o que dificulta os estudos de avaliação. O Estado de Goiás, a partir de 1995, migrou do modelo de gestão centralizado para o modelo de gestão descentralizado, no qual o Governo do Estado de Goiás transfere para as unidades escolares os recursos financeiros bem como a responsabilidade de execução do Programa de Alimentação Escolar. Visando avaliar o modelo de gestão em questão, 51 unidades de ensino estadual de 04 Subsecretarias de Educação Regional foram avaliadas. Foram calculados a composição nutricional (carboidratos, proteínas, lipídeos, fibras, vitaminas A e C, ferro, cálcio, magnésio e zinco), o Ndpcal e o valor calórico dos cardápios oferecidos. Os índices de adesão e aceitação foram verificados. As condições operacionais referentes a recursos humanos, equipamentos, utensílios, estrutura de distribuição das refeições, custos e a presença de cantinas também foram averiguadas. Como resultados, os valores médios da composição nutricional e do valor calórico das refeições mostraram-se abaixo dos preconizados pelo PNAE. A adesão média foi de 49%, considerando o número de alunos matriculados. Já sobre os presentes, o índice subiu para 56%. A presença de cantinas, o período (matutino e vespertino) e o tipo de cardápio influenciaram na adesão ao Programa. Dos cardápios planejados, 23% não foram cumpridos e a aceitação média foi de 87%. Em 80% das escolas as preparações foram servidas em sala de aulas. Em relação aos equipamentos e utensílios, 64% e 72%, respectivamente, encontravam-se em bom estado. O número de funcionários da cozinha não é padronizado e insuficiente para atender a demanda, bem como o de nutricionistas. Um dos objetivos da implantação do modelo escolarizado no estado de Goiás foi a melhoria na qualidade, porém, de acordo com todos os resultados obtidos, a realidade do Programa das unidades de ensino ainda não condiz com às referências estabelecidas pelo Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação. / Aiming to achieve the recommendations of the National School Lunch Program (PNAE), the government adopt management models that judge efficient, but the information on the effectiveness and efficiency before and after implementation of them are scarce, which difficults evaluations. The State of Goiás, in 1995, migrated from centralized to the schooled model, in which the state government of Goias transfers to the schools the financial resources and the responsibility for implementing the School Lunch Program . Aiming to evaluate the model in question, 51 schools from 04 Departments of Regional Education were studied. Nutritional composition (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, fiber, vitamins A and C, iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc), the Ndpcal and calorific value of the meal were calculated. The acceptance and adhesion rates were verified. The operational requirements related to human resources, equipment, utensils, distribution structure, costs and the presence of commercial establishment were also investigated. As result, the average values of the nutritional composition and caloric value of the meals were below those recommended by FNDE Resolution. The rate of students participation in the School Lunch Program was 49%, considering the number of students enrolled. The rate increased when the present students was consideres. The presence of commercial stablishments, the period (morning and afternoon) and the type of menu influenced the adhesionn. Considering planned menus, 23% were not met and the average acceptance was 87%. In 80% of schools the melas were served in the classroom. In terms of equipment and utensils, 64% and 72%, respectively, were in good condition. The number of employees was not standardized and insufficient to meet demand, as well as nutritionists. The implantation of the model schooled in the state of Goiás had the purpose to improve the quality, however, considering the results, the reality of the Program does not consistent with the references provided by FNDE.
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AN EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF LEGGINGS BASED ON A CONSUMER SURVEYGroppo, Virginia Elizabeth 01 January 2019 (has links)
The purpose of this research was to identify the legging features that athleisure consumers desire and the performance problems they frequently encounter. A non-probability sample (n=133) of college students who identified as female and wore leggings for non-athletic purposes were surveyed. The questionnaire was designed based upon examination of online product reviews and current complaints with legging products. The results of the survey were used to design and complete a laboratory evaluation. Laboratory samples and methods were then chosen to assess the performance qualities desired when purchasing leggings and the problems encountered when wearing leggings by the surveyed consumers. Three brands were identified by the survey as regularly consumed legging brands and included: Lululemon, Nike, and 90 Degree. All laboratory samples were a nylon, spandex blend fabric. Garments were laundered and evaluated after one, five, ten, and twenty washes. All evaluations were completed in a Textile Testing Laboratory according to AATCC and ASTM standard test methods.
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The implementation of the integrated quality management system as an instrument of performance management in Lebowakgomo circuit,Limpopo Province.Letsoalo, Tshione Jan 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPA)--University of Limpopo, 2009. / The democratic political breakthrough of 1994 in South Africa intensified debate on the delivery of quality public education among the teaching fraternity. This culminated in the promulgation of education legislation such as the South African Schools Act of 1996, the Education Employment Act of 1998 and finally the Collective Agreement Number 8 of 2003, which contains a section on the Integrated Quality Management System (IQMS).This was an attempt by the Department of Education to enhance the development of educators. The main purpose of the IQMS is to determine educators’ competence, to assess their strengths and areas in need of further development.What triggered the research was the fact that the Department of Education and teachers’unions were always at loggerheads regarding the implementation of the IQMS. This made the researcher investigate the feasibility, successes and shortcomings of the implementation of the IQMS. The researcher used questionnaires, interviews and a document study for the collection of data.The results indicated that the purpose, aim and objectives as enshrined in the Collective Agreement Number 8 of 2003 had not been realised in the implementation of the IQMS within Lebowakgomo circuit in Limpopo Province. Instead of being developed, educators
were left demoralised and confused. The IQMS had lost its meaning in the sense that the
monetary aspects were over-emphasized at the expense of the development aspects. The
professional development of educators was ignored by the Department of Education, as it
did not make in-service training or departmental support in any form available. The departmental officials never visited schools to effect the whole school evaluation required by Collective Agreement Number 8. Thus, educators simply completed the IQMS forms without proper evaluation just for the sake of the 1% salary increase. Lack of support by the Department of Education had indeed put the implementation of the IQMS in a crisis.
Finally, recommendations were made. The key recommendation was the amendment of
Collective Agreement No. 8 of 2003 so that the Development Support Groups are
restructured. Furthermore, the review should take on board a reduction of the instruments that make up the IQMS. This is an attempt to streamline the IQMS and make it user-friendly.
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An evaluation of performance appraisal for supervisors in the Department of Agriculture, Sekhukhune district, Limpopo Province.Tlowana, Madimetja Peter 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPA.) --University of Limpopo, 2009. / Human Resource Development (Employer)
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Performance and Physiological Monitoring of Highly Trained SwimmersAnderson, Megan, n/a January 2006 (has links)
This thesis examined the benefits of physiological and performance testing of elite swimmers.
The study considered the following research questions: the degree to which physiological and
performance measures in training contribute to swimming performance; sources and
magnitude of variability in testing, training and competition performance; the magnitudes of
changes in test measures during routine training; and the reliability, validity and utility of
miniaturised and automated smart sensor technology to monitor the stroke and performance
times of swimmers in training. The experimental approach involved the retrospective
analysis of five years of physiological and performance testing of elite level swimmers, the
development of a new accelerometry-based smart sensor device to monitor swimmers in the
pool, a cross-sectional study comparing the physiological and performance responses of
swimmers of different levels, and the effects of an intensive 14-day training program on
submaximal physiological and performance measures. Collectively, the outcomes of these
studies provide a strong justification for the physiological and performance testing of elite
swimmers, a quantitative framework for interpreting the magnitude of changes and
differences in test scores and sources of variation, and highlight the potential utility of new
smart sensor technology to automate the monitoring of a swimmer�s training performance.
The first study (Chapter 2) characterises the changes and variability in test performance,
physiological and anthropometric measures, and stroke mechanics of swimmers within and
between seasons over their elite competitive career. Forty elite swimmers (24 male, 16
female) performed a 7 x 200-m incremental swimming step test several times each 6-month
season (10 � 5 tests, spanning 0.5 to 6.0 y). Mixed linear modeling provided estimates of
change in the mean and individual responses for measures based on submaximal performance
(fixed 4-mM lactate), maximal performance (the seventh step), and lean mass (from skinfolds
and body mass). Submaximal and maximal swim speed increased within each season from
the pre to taper phase by ~2.2% for females and ~1.5% for males (95% confidence limits
�1.0%), with variable contributions from stroke rate and stroke length. Most of the gains in
speed were lost in the off-season, leaving a net average annual improvement of ~1.0% for
females and ~0.6% for males (�1.0%). For submaximal and maximal speed, individual
variation between phases was �2.2% and the typical measurement error was �0.8%. In
conclusion, step test and anthropometric measures can be used to confidently monitor
progressions in swimmers in an elite training program within and between seasons.
The second study (Chapter 3) quantified the relationship between changes in test measures
and changes in competition performance for individual elite swimmers. The primary question
addressed was whether test measures could predict a swimmers performance at the major end-of-season competition. The same sample group as in Study 1 was examined. A 7 x 200-m
incremental swimming step-test and anthropometry were conducted in up to four training
phases each season. Correlations of changes in step-test and anthropometric measures
between training phases between and within seasons, with changes in competition
performance between seasons, were derived by repeated-measures mixed modeling and linear
regression. Changes in competition performance were best tracked by changes in test
measures between taper phases. The best single predictor of competition performance was
skinfolds for females (r = -0.53). The best predictor from the step-test was stroke rate at 4-mM lactate (females, r = 0.46; males, r = 0.41); inclusion of the second-best step-test
predictor in a multiple linear regression improved the correlations marginally (females, r =0.52 with speed in the seventh step included; males, r = 0.58 with peak lactate concentration
included). Changes in test measures involving phases other than the taper provided weak and
inconclusive correlations with changes in performance, possibly because the coaches and
swimmers took corrective action when tests produced poor results. In conclusion, a
combination of fitness and techniques factors are important for competitive performance. The
step test is apparently a useful adjunct in a swimmer�s training preparation for tracking large
changes in performance.
These initial studies identified stroke mechanics as a major determinant of a swimmer�s
performance. Chapter 4 details the development of a small tri-axial accelerometry-based
smart sensor device (the Traqua) that enables continual monitoring of various
performance/stroke characteristics in swimming. The initial focus was to develop a device
that automated the detection of a swimmer�s movements, specifically lap times, stroke rate
and stroke count. The Traqua consists of a tri-axial accelerometer packaged with a
microprocessor, which attaches to the swimmer at the pelvis to monitor their whole body
movements while swimming. This study established the failure/error rate in the first
generation algorithms developed to detect the swimming-specific movements of stroke
identification, laps (start, turn and finish), and strokes (stroke count and stroke rate) in a
cohort of 21 elite and sub-elite swimmers. Movements were analysed across a range of
swimming speeds for both freestyle and breaststroke. These initial algorithms were
reasonably successful in correctly identifying the markers representing specific segments of a
swimming lap in a range of swimmers across a spectrum of swimming speeds. The first
iteration of the freestyle algorithm produced error-rates of 13% in detection of lap times, 5%
for stroke rate, and 11% for stroke count. Subsequent improvements of the software reduced
the error rate in lap and stroke detection. This improved software was used in the following
two studies.
The next study (Chapter 5) evaluated the reliability and validity of the Traqua against
contemporary methods used for timing, stroke rate and stroke count determination. The
subjects were 14 elite and 10 sub-elite club-level swimmers. Each swimmer was required to
swim seven evenly paced 200-m efforts on a 5-min cycle, graded from easy to maximal.
Swimmers completed the test using their main competitive stroke (21 freestyle, 3
breaststroke). Timing was compared for each 50-m lap and total 200-m time by electronic
touch pads, video coding, a hand-held manual stopwatch, and the Traqua. Stroke count was
compared for video coding, self-reported counting, and the Traqua, while the stroke rate was compared via video coding, hand-held stopwatch, and the Traqua. Retest trials were
conducted under the same conditions 7 d following the first test. All data from the Traqua presented in this and the subsequent studies were visually inspected for errors in the
automated algorithms, where the algorithms had either failed to correctly identify the start,
turn, finish or individual strokes and corrected prior to analysis. The standard error of the
estimate for each of the timing methods for total 200 m was compared with the criterion
electronic timing. These standard errors were as follows: Traqua (0.64 s; 90% confidence
limits 0.60 � 0.69 s), Video (0.52 s; 0.49 � 0.55 s); Manual (0.63 s; 0.59 � 0.67 s). Broken
down by 50-m laps, the standard error of the estimate for the Traqua compared with the
electronic timing for freestyle only was: 1st 50-m 0.35 s; 2nd and 3rd 50-m 0.13 s; 4th 50-m
0.65 s. When compared with the criterion video-coding determination, the error for the stroke
count was substantially lower for the Traqua (0.6 strokes.50 m-1; 0.5 � 0.6 strokes.50 m-1)
compared to the self-reported measure (2.3 strokes.50 m-1; 2.5 � 2.9 strokes.50 m-1).
However, the error for stroke rate was similar between the Traqua (1.5 strokes.min-1; 1.4 � 1.6
strokes.min-1) and the manual stopwatch (1.8 strokes.min-1; 1.7 � 1.9 strokes.min-1). The
typical error of measurement of the Traqua was 1.99 s for 200-m time, 1.1 strokes.min-1 for
stroke rate, and 1.1 strokes.50 m-1 for stroke count. In conclusion, the Traqua is comparable
in accuracy to current methods for determining time and stroke rate, and better than current
methods for stroke count. A substantial source of error in the Traqua timing was additional
noise in the detection of the start and finish. The Traqua is probably useful for monitoring of
routine training but electronic timing and video are preferred for racing and time trials.
Having established the reliability and validity of the Traqua, Chapter 6 addressed the ability
to discriminate the pattern of pacing between different levels of swimmers in the 7 x 200-m
incremental step test. This study also sought to quantify the differences in pacing between
senior and junior swimmers. Eleven senior elite swimmers (5 female, 6 male) and 10
competitive junior swimmers (3 female, 7 male) participated in this study. Each swimmer
was required to swim seven evenly paced 200-m freestyle efforts on a 5-min cycle, graded
from easy to maximal. The Traqua was used to measure time, stroke rate and stroke count.
The senior swimmers were better able to descend in each of the 200-m efforts. Overall the
senior swimmers were ~2-3 s per 50 m faster than the junior swimmers. Both groups were
fastest in the first 50-m lap with the push start. The senior swimmers then descended the 50-
m time for each of the subsequent laps, getting ~0.5 s faster per lap, with the final lap the
fastest. In contrast, the junior swimmers swam a similar time for each of the subsequent laps.
The junior swimmers were marginally more variable in their times (coefficient of variation:
~2%) compared with the senior swimmers (~1.8%). In comparison to junior swimmers, the
senior swimmers in this study were faster, adopted a more uniform negative split strategy to
pacing within a 200-m effort, and were more consistent in reproducing submaximal and
maximal swimming speeds.
The final study (Chapter 7) analysed the effect of 14-d of intensive training on the
reproducibility of submaximal swimming performance in elite swimmers. Submaximal
physiological and performance testing is widely used in swimming and other individual sports
but the variability in test measures, and the effects of fatigue, during intensive training have
surprisingly not been quantified systematically. Seven elite swimmers (3 male and 4 female)
participated in an intensive 14-d training camp one month prior to the National
championships. The aim of the study was to characterise the intra-session, daily and training
block variability of submaximal swimming time, physiological and stroke characteristics in
elite swimmers. The swimmers performed a specified submaximal 200-m effort in most
sessions, after the warm-up and at the end of the session for both morning and afternoon
sessions. During the efforts, swimming time and stroke mechanics were measured and
physiological measures were recorded immediately on completion. The Traqua was worn by
all swimmers in every training session. Mixed linear modeling was used to provide estimates
of changes in the mean and individual responses (within-athlete variation as a coefficient of
variation) for all measures. The swimmers were moderately slower (1.4%; �1.4%) over the
14-d training camp. The mean submaximal 200-m effort was very likely to be faster (0.7%;
confidence limits �0.7%) in the afternoon compared with the morning session. The females
were more variable in their submaximal performance times (CV=2.6%) than the male
swimmers (1.7%). Blood lactate concentration was almost certainly lower (-23%; �10%)
following higher volume in the previous session; however a higher intensity workout the
previous session almost certainly leads to higher lactate (21%; �15%) in the current session.
Considered together, these results indicate that the 200-m submaximal test is useful in
monitoring submaximal physiological and performance measures and the negative effects of
cumulative fatigue.
In conclusion, changes in the physiological and performance measures derived from the poolbased
progressive incremental step test are moderately correlated with changes in end-ofviii.
season competition performance. The magnitudes of changes and differences in test measures
between phases within a season, from season to season, and between males and females,
established in this study can be applied to similar elite level swimmers preparing for major
competition. The quantification of typical error of the same measures demonstrates that
coaches and scientists can distinguish real and worthwhile improvements using the 7 x 200-m
step test. Continual pool-based monitoring with the automated smart sensor Traqua device
may provide more accurate and detailed information about a swimmer�s training adaptation
than current fitness tests and monitoring methods. Finally, submaximal testing in trained
swimmers is useful in monitoring progress in physiological and performance measures, and
the impact of cumulative fatigue during an intensive period of training. Collectively, the
outcomes of these studies indicate that routine physiological and performance testing can
provide measurable benefits for elite swimmers and their coaches.
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Implementation and Experimental Evaluation of a Partially Reliable Transport ProtocolAsplund, Katarina January 2004 (has links)
<p>In the last decade, we have seen an explosive growth in the deployment of multimedia applications on the Internet. However, the transport service provided over the Internet is not always feasible for these applications, since the network was originally designed for other types of applications. One way to better accommodate the service requirements of some of these applications is to provide a partially reliable transport service. A partially reliable transport service does not insist on recovering all, but just some of the packet losses, thus providing a lower transport delay than a reliable transport service. The work in this thesis focuses on the design, implementation, and evaluation of a partially reliable transport protocol called PRTP. PRTP has been designed as an extension to TCP in order to show that such a service could be effectively integrated with current protocol standards. An important feature of PRTP is that all modifications for PRTP are restricted to the receiver side, which means that it could be very easily deployed. The thesis presents performance results from various experiments on a Linux implementation of PRTP. The results suggest that transfer times can be decreased significantly when using PRTP as opposed to TCP in networks in which packet loss occurs. Furthermore, the thesis includes a study that investigates how users perceive an application that is based on a partially reliable service. Specifically, how users select the trade-off between image quality and latency when they download Web pages is explored. The results indicate that many of the users in the study could accept less than perfect image quality</p><p>if the latency could be shortened.</p>
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On Switchover Performance in Multihomed SCTPEklund, Johan January 2010 (has links)
<p>The emergence of real-time applications, like Voice over IP and video conferencing, in IP networks implies a challenge to the underlying infrastructure. Several real-time applications have requirements on timeliness as well as on reliability and are accompanied by signaling applications to set up, tear down and control the media sessions. Since neither of the traditional transport protocols responsible for end-to-end transfer of messages was found suitable for signaling traffic, the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) was standardized. The focus for the protocol was initially on telephony signaling applications, but it was later widened to serve as a general purpose transport protocol. One major new feature to enhance robustness in SCTP is multihoming, which enables for more than one path within the same association.</p><p>In this thesis we evaluate some of the mechanisms affecting transmission performance in case of a switchover between paths in a multihomed SCTP session. The major part of the evaluation concerns a failure situation, where the current path is broken. In case of failure, the endpoint does not get an explicit notification, but has to react upon missing acknowledgements. The challenge is to distinguish path failure from temporary congestion to decide when to switch to an alternate path. A too fast switchover may be spurious, which could reduce transmission performance, while a too late switchover also results in reduced transmission performance. This implies a tradeoff which involves several protocol as well as network parameters and we elaborate among these to give a coherent view of the parameters and their interaction. Further, we present a recommendation on how to tune the parameters to meet telephony signaling requirements, still without violating fairness to other traffic.</p><p>We also consider another angle of switchover performance, the startup on the alternate path. Since the available capacity is usually unknown to the sender, the transmission on a new path is started at a low rate and then increased as acknowledgements of successful transmissions return. In case of switchover in the middle of a media session the startup phase after a switchover could cause problems to the application. In multihomed SCTP the availability of the alternate path makes it feasible for the end-host to estimate the available capacity on the alternate path prior to the switchover. Thus, it would be possible to implement a more efficient startup scheme. In this thesis we combine different switchover scenarios with relevant traffic. For these combinations, we analytically evaluate and quantify the potential performance gain from utilizing an ideal startup mechanism as compared to the traditional startup procedure.</p>
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The Empirical Testing of Musical Performance Assessment ParadigmRussell, Brian Eugene 03 May 2010 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to test a hypothesized model of aurally perceived performer-controlled musical factors that influence assessments of performance quality. Previous research studies on musical performance constructs, musical achievement, musical expression, and scale construction were examined to identify the factors that influence assessments of performance quality. A total of eight factors were identified: tone, intonation, rhythmic accuracy, articulation, tempo, dynamics, timbre, and interpretation. These factors were categorized as either technique or musical expression factors. Items representing these eight variables were chosen from previous research on scale development. Additional items, along with researcher created items, were also chosen to represent the variables of technique, musical expression and overall perceptions of performance quality. The 44 selected items were placed on the Aural Musical Performance Quality (AMPQ) measure and paired with a four-point Likert scale. The reliability for the AMPQ measure was reported at .977. A total of 58 volunteer adjudicators were recruited to evaluate four recordings that represented one of each instrumental category of interest: brass, woodwind, voice, and string. The resulting performance evaluations (N = 232) were analyzed using statistical regression and path analysis techniques. The results of the analysis provide empirical support for the existence of the model of aurally perceived performer-controlled musical factors. Technique demonstrated significant direct effects on overall perceptions of performance quality and musical expression. Musical expression also demonstrated a significant direct effect on overall perceptions of performance quality. The results of this study are consistent with hypothesized model of performer-controlled musical factors.
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Identifying the factors that contribute to the effectiveness of the Productivity Measurement and Enhancement System (ProMES)David, Jose Hernan 15 November 2004 (has links)
The Productivity Measurement and Enhancement System (ProMES) is a human resource intervention that provides feedback to members of an organizational unit via a measurement system constructed by the unit personnel. The unit constructs the system by defining their objectives, identifying productivity indicators for each objective, and developing utility curves or contingencies for each indicator, specifying the overall and relative value to the organization of different performance levels on each indicator. Over the years, it has produced very positive results upon implementation. However, there has been great variability in the effectiveness of ProMES. This study attempted to identify the factors that contributed to this variability. Three major factors were proposed to influence the success of the intervention: feedback quality, the degree to which units prioritized their actions on the feedback, and the organizational social context. Additionally, the individual effects of the components of the organizational social context factor were analyzed; these components included the degree of employee participation in the intervention, unit attitudes towards productivity improvement, organizational support for the intervention, and organizational stability. Three productivity indices were used as dependent variables: the unit d-score (the difference between feedback productivity and baseline productivity divided by the pooled standard deviation), the rate of productivity change over the first third of the feedback stage, and the degree to which units were able to sustain prior productivity improvements over the last two thirds of the feedback stage. The degree of match with the original ProMES methodology was proposed as a moderator in the relationship between the three major factors and the criteria, and the degree of feedback interpretation training given to the unit was proposed as a moderator between the units? action on feedback and the criteria. Drawing on a database of 74 units from different industries and countries, scales were constructed to operationalize the factors. Results from multiple regression analyses indicated that favorable attitudes towards productivity improvement were associated with faster productivity improvements. Additionally, feedback quality and the action taken on feedback significantly predicted greater and faster productivity improvements. The implications for human resource professionals and researchers in industrial/organizational psychology are discussed.
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