While a vast range of works have been written on European identity from historical, cultural, political, sociological, and economic points of view, I am attempting to turn the discourse around and investigate the complex notion of European identity that forms the basis of personal, collective and societal identities represented in literature and a European space imagined and depicted differently by various writers. My thesis explores the diverse interpretations of Europe by creating and investigating a literary dialogue between some works in Hungarian and British contemporary literature and so, in a generalized sense, in some aspects between the Eastern and Western peripheries of Europe. The literary interpretation of Europe and European identity is a neglected research area, just as is the literary dialogue between the Western and the Eastern parts of the European Union. Due to this lack of exemplary methodological routes, the thesis’s comparative nature and the fact that it deals with the cultural positions and literary capitals of two very unequal countries, the methodological background is provided by world literary approaches. Widening the time-scale from the most recent works to ones published in the 1990’s and some even before the fall of the Iron Curtain presented the opportunity for analysing the dynamic character of British and Hungarian perceptions and the changing focus on prevalent themes. Imre Kertész (1929-2016) was primarily concerned by the formulation and articulation of new ethical and philosophical values for Europe emerging on the ethical zero ground of the Holocaust and focused on a detached, theoretical observation of the individual. Brian Aldiss (1925-2017) was more interested in the active and often contradictory aspects of identity and the practical moral dilemmas after the Wars in twentieth-century Europe. Marina Lewycka’s (1946-) novels deal with the European aspects of migration concerning the different generations and the gender dimensions of the Europe concept. László Végel (1941-) writes about the utopia of Europe as a multi-ethnic unity and explores the minority identity in relation to the migrant existence. Tim Parks (1954-) approaches the issues of fate and destiny, and their relevance to European politics and personal choices, while also investigating the possibility of linguistic schizophrenia. Gábor Németh’s (1956-) novels investigate the symbolism inherent in European Jewish identity and cosmopolitanism and the current attitudes on populism and anti-immigration. The perspective and the focus from which the novels are analysed have been influenced by present events, and the political, social and cultural atmosphere of both countries and the EU. I have been trying to spot signs which might have forecast the disillusionment and hostility felt towards the European dream by the majority of both populations. The disappointment over the dissolving vision of a united Europe has emerged as an overall theme connecting the writers’ works; however, the pressing want of free-spirits, the Nietzschean Good Europeans, has also been persistent.

The blurry, undefined edge of a city “is a philosophical region, where city and landscape overlap, existing without choice or expectation.” 1 This urban condition hardly ever influences the city’s core, leaving the periphery isolated, autonomous, and untapped. In this blurry zone, architectural opportunities present themselves. In New Orleans, a small Vietnamese community called Versailles lives in this undefined realm at the eastern boundary of the city. Its residents are removed from the core, disconnected by sheer distance, and wedged between ecology and industry. Typically, “that which literally lies on the margins often gets figuratively marginalized,” 2 but this community is resilient, taking full advantage of its overlap with the natural environment. A product of a forced migration in the wake of Saigon’s fall in 1975, this community drew on local parallels to Vietnamese climate and fishing commerce, allowing newcomers to morph this neighborhood into their own. Yet the scars of heavy industry still plague Versailles, which has endured a fraught history with nearby landfills. This thesis seeks to create productive frictions between community, ecology, and industry through exploring a blended topography where construction and landscape are commingled. This will allow for the architecture to be both anchored and stretched. The Eco-Line - part composting and gardening hub, part cultural and economic incubator, part ecological and recreational park - weaves a new edge of experience on New Orleans’s periphery. As opposed to forcing a connective intervention inward on New Orleans, the Eco-Line hugs the easternmost edge of Versailles, exploring a new urban condition that blends with the natural environment. / 0 / SPK / specialcollections@tulane.edu

Survival is bound to conditions of safety (now) and preservation (future). The places that marginal people inhabit are either permanent familiar places, or temporary unfamiliar places. These places however are also bound to time. When circumstances are unpredictable survival instincts are heightened, and when circumstances are predictable survival instincts are at a neutral level (or in in a state of homeostasis). If a place is undergoing change such as societal and political change, the change in mental state of a person occurs as this affects the survival of that person. The dissertation explores ideas of identity (valued, strong, useful), perception (how other people see the marginal) and marginalisation of specific groups of people. This will be investigated in terms of the preservation of the marginalised people through programmatic devices and activities (what can the marginal offer). The proposed programme (and supporting programmes) allow for the development of marginalised people in a hostile society in which survival and refuge are the first instincts. The intent of the architecture seeks to explore the relationship between a marginal person and place on a conceptual and physical level. Moreover the architecture seeks to negotiate the margins that society has placed between those who are approved within society (the norm) and those who are different than the norm. A consciousness of this difference or 'margin area' exists throughout the investigation which allows for an alternative approach to create thought-provoking architecture rather than an aesthetically pleasing architecture. It is the belief of the author that even though something might be 'broken', it remains more useful and is more valuable than something that was perfect in the first place. The project moves beyond monotony and strives for unity in difference (the marginal unite). Difference as a strength creates an opportunity to emphasise those who are different and finds a way to strengthen the alternative identities in a future spatial condition. The proposed programme facilitates the development of these identities to become stronger in time in order to withstand struggle and unpredictability. / Mini Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Architecture / MArch (Prof) / Unrestricted

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:21:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pages from Pagina 1-50 Maxwell FAJARDO.pdf: 1343173 bytes, checksum: 2433f7ae12a1d9e5e8a7b0e24355de7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research analyzes the reasons for the growing number of Pentecostals in the neighborhood of Perus, northwest of Sao Paulo city, from the phenomenon of urban migration. It s HDI (Human Development Index) ranks in 81th position among the 96 districts in the capital of São Paulo and the district has a large concentration of Pentecostal churches. 20.9% of the population declared themselves with this religious affiliation on the 2000 Census. The index is high when it is compared with the average population Pentecostal of São Paulo, estimated in 11.9%. Perus is part of the urban periphery, but in itself, there are villages that suffer from major problems of infrastructure, forming small peripheries within the periphery. With growth associated with the first cement factory in Bazil, the Cia de Cimento Portland Perus, the neighborhood was the address of the arrival of thousands of migrants since the early decades of the twentieth century, in the beginning, they are from the state of São Paulo and Minas Gerais. However, even with the plant closure, the district continues to receive migrants from other regions like the Northeast and even residents of other neighborhoods in the city of Sao Paulo. Thus, this research aims to identify how the Pentecostal religious networks that exist in a multiplicity of denominations, are present in the process of acceptance and adaptation of migrants on their arrival in the neighborhood and to what extent the religious affiliation becomes important in this process of movement and travel population in urban space. / Esta pesquisa analisa as razões do crescimento do número de pentecostais no bairro paulistano de Perus, zona noroeste de São Paulo a partir do fenômeno de migração urbana. Com IDH figurando na 81ª posição entre os 96 distritos da capital paulista, o bairro apresenta grande concentração de igrejas pentecostais. 20,9% de sua população declarou-se com esta filiação religiosa no Censo 2000. O índice é alto quando comparado com a média da população pentecostal do município de São Paulo, calculado em 11,9%. Perus faz parte da periferia urbana, porém, no próprio bairro, há vilas que sofrem com maior falta de infra-estrutura, formando pequenas periferias dentro da periferia. Com crescimento associado à primeira fábrica de Cimento do país, a Cia de Cimento Portland Perus, o bairro foi o endereço de chegada de milhares de migrantes desde as primeiras décadas do século XX, a princípio originários do interior do estado de São Paulo e de Minas Gerais. No entanto, mesmo com o fechamento da fábrica, o bairro continua a receber migrantes de outras regiões, como o Nordeste do país e mesmo moradores de outros bairros da cidade de São Paulo. Assim, esta pesquisa pretende detectar como as redes religiosas pentecostais, existentes em uma multiplicidade de denominações, se fazem presentes no processo de acolhida e adaptação do migrante em sua chegada ao bairro e em que medida a filiação religiosa ganha importância neste processo de movimento e circulação populacional no espaço urbano.

Este trabalho dá continuidade aos estudos desenvolvidos durante minha pesquisa de mestrado, no qual apresentei, dentro de uma abordagem humanística, as paisagens do Distrito de Brasilândia, localizado na Zona Norte do Município de São Paulo. Integra o Núcleo de Estudos da Paisagem: Paisagem, Cultura e Participação Social do Lab Cidade - Espaço Público e Direito à Cidade da FAU USP. Nesta nova aproximação são apresentadas possibilidades de compreensão de paisagens e de interferência nos processos que as produzem, tomando como referência as metodologias participativas. Entende-se que o estudo colaborativo da paisagem pode mostrar-se para o morador como uma oportunidade de construção autônoma e libertária1 de seus modos de ser na paisagem. Contribui, nesse caso, com as comunidades envolvidas na mudança de suas realidades, a partir de sua reflexão, bem como possibilita ao pesquisador/acadêmico a construção de um novo referencial urbanístico, social e ambiental para estudo da paisagem, elaborado de acordo com as informações que emergem do cotidiano, e do intenso contato com o campo. Esta pesquisa têm como proposta a implantação de células avançadas do Núcleo de Estudos da Paisagem (NEP) nas áreas de estudo. Entende-se que a implantação dessas células permite verificar as possibilidades e conseqüências dessa proposta colaborativa de produção de conhecimento. Nela, pesquisadores e população são parceiros da investigação da realidade, partilhando e produzindo conhecimentos, organizando ações, e difundindo estes conhecimentos por meios de comunicação social. / This work continues the studies developed during my master\'s research, when I presented, according to a humanistic approach, the landscapes of the District of Brasilândia, located in the North Zone of São Paulo. It integrates the Study of Landscape: Culture and Social Participation in Lab City - Public Space and the Right to the City FAU USP. In this new approach are presented the possibilities to comprehend landscapes and interference in the processes that produce them, from the use of participatory methodologies. It is understood that the collaborative study of the landscape can show to the resident as an opportunity to build their autonomous and libertarian ways of being in the landscape. This study contributes, near to the communities involved, to the change of their realities, considering their reflection. It offers to the researcher a new reference in urban, social and environmental study of the landscape, created according to the information which emerges from everyday life, and intense contact with the field. These studies have proposed as the implantation of cells at the Center for Advanced Studies in Landscape (NEP) in the study areas. It is understood that the implantation of these cells allows that people can check the possibilities and consequences of the proposed collaborative knowledge production in which people are researchers and research partners of reality, producing and sharing knowledge, organizing actions, and disseminating this knowledge through the media social.

Este trabalho dá continuidade aos estudos desenvolvidos durante minha pesquisa de mestrado, no qual apresentei, dentro de uma abordagem humanística, as paisagens do Distrito de Brasilândia, localizado na Zona Norte do Município de São Paulo. Integra o Núcleo de Estudos da Paisagem: Paisagem, Cultura e Participação Social do Lab Cidade - Espaço Público e Direito à Cidade da FAU USP. Nesta nova aproximação são apresentadas possibilidades de compreensão de paisagens e de interferência nos processos que as produzem, tomando como referência as metodologias participativas. Entende-se que o estudo colaborativo da paisagem pode mostrar-se para o morador como uma oportunidade de construção autônoma e libertária1 de seus modos de ser na paisagem. Contribui, nesse caso, com as comunidades envolvidas na mudança de suas realidades, a partir de sua reflexão, bem como possibilita ao pesquisador/acadêmico a construção de um novo referencial urbanístico, social e ambiental para estudo da paisagem, elaborado de acordo com as informações que emergem do cotidiano, e do intenso contato com o campo. Esta pesquisa têm como proposta a implantação de células avançadas do Núcleo de Estudos da Paisagem (NEP) nas áreas de estudo. Entende-se que a implantação dessas células permite verificar as possibilidades e conseqüências dessa proposta colaborativa de produção de conhecimento. Nela, pesquisadores e população são parceiros da investigação da realidade, partilhando e produzindo conhecimentos, organizando ações, e difundindo estes conhecimentos por meios de comunicação social. / This work continues the studies developed during my master\'s research, when I presented, according to a humanistic approach, the landscapes of the District of Brasilândia, located in the North Zone of São Paulo. It integrates the Study of Landscape: Culture and Social Participation in Lab City - Public Space and the Right to the City FAU USP. In this new approach are presented the possibilities to comprehend landscapes and interference in the processes that produce them, from the use of participatory methodologies. It is understood that the collaborative study of the landscape can show to the resident as an opportunity to build their autonomous and libertarian ways of being in the landscape. This study contributes, near to the communities involved, to the change of their realities, considering their reflection. It offers to the researcher a new reference in urban, social and environmental study of the landscape, created according to the information which emerges from everyday life, and intense contact with the field. These studies have proposed as the implantation of cells at the Center for Advanced Studies in Landscape (NEP) in the study areas. It is understood that the implantation of these cells allows that people can check the possibilities and consequences of the proposed collaborative knowledge production in which people are researchers and research partners of reality, producing and sharing knowledge, organizing actions, and disseminating this knowledge through the media social.

Shifts in centre-periphery relations in Ethiopia and the complex relationships between the Ethiopian state and neighbouring countries motivate this thesis to contribute a nuanced historical reading of the relationship between Ethiopia's eastern periphery and the central state and the wider regional implications of this relationship. It does so by examining the interplay between the state projects of controlling territory and asserting authority and the experiences and responses of local populations to these attempts in the Harar and Jijiga localities. Using an interpretive approach and a qualitative methodology that is underlined by historical methods, the thesis argues that the narrative on the integration of the Harar and Jijiga peripheries into the state is shaped by a history of negotiation. However, this negotiation is ongoing and is far from completion because there is no consensus on the nature of, and meanings associated with territoriality and identification when conceptualising statehood in Ethiopia. The condition of partial integration has afforded local actors in the peripheries the liberty to occasionally engage in discourses on territoriality and identification with neighbouring countries regardless of attempts by the Ethiopian state to enforce its ideas of these aspects of statehood. This investigation highlights the presence of a British Military Administration from 1942 and the changes this made to the territorial boundary between eastern Ethiopia and the British Somaliland Protectorate, and the establishment of the Republic of Somalia in 1960. Previous studies have approached the centre-periphery relationship from the perspective of the Ethiopian state - highlighting conflict and resistance. This thesis contests these perspectives because of their inability to reveal a history of peripheral agency. Centre-biased and ahistorical approaches often overlook the shadings that exist in centre-periphery relations. The thesis also challenges the myth of a homogenous eastern periphery by demonstrating that the marginality of Harar and Jijiga is mitigated by their history of being centres in the periphery. The findings of this thesis challenge the narratives of conflict and resistance that dominate interpretations of the relationship between the eastern periphery and the Ethiopian state. The empirical evidence presented in this thesis confirms and develops current scholarly debates on the existence of complex empirical manifestations of statehood in Africa, specifically in the Horn of Africa. Thus the thesis contributes to the ongoing turn in the study of statehood, which promotes the investigation of the state from the margins for a more balanced view of political reality. Finally, rather than attempting to resolve questions on the nature of statehood in Ethiopia, in the Horn of Africa or in sub-Saharan Africa, this thesis draws attention to the alternative ways of interpreting ideas of statehood as they manifest themselves in diverse historical, social and political contexts.

This thesis investigates the functional categories in the vP domain, including aspect, modality, and focus. For this research initiative, five constructions were examined: the Mandarin temporal adverbial, the Mandarin excessive ta, the Mandarin de/bu, the Turkish question particle –mI, and the Armenian auxiliary constructions. These constructions involve functional categories that are expected to appear at the C/IP periphery; however, they surface inside the vP domain. The existence of these low grammatical elements raises non-trivial questions such as how functional categories should be mapped out in the structure, and whether a unified structure can be proposed to account for the cross-linguistic phenomena examined in this thesis. The investigation of these constructions showed that there are cross-domain interactions between low and high functional categories. While Mandarin temporal adverbial constructions showed interactions between viewpoint aspect and lexical aspect via the distributions of the temporal adverbials and various co-occurrence restrictions, the other four constructions demonstrated interactions between the low and the high categories via intervention effects. I argue that low functional categories must be licensed by their counterparts in the C/IP domain, and that the licensing relation and the structural conditions imposed on this relation can be captured if an Agree relation is established between the functional categories in these two domains. The analysis also reveals that low functional categories are the result of feature lowering from v* to some functional projection below it, and the formal features of the low functional categories must assign their values to their counterparts in the C/IP domain via Agree to provide a meaningful input to LF. I propose a parallel analysis between CP and vP to account for the existence of the low grammatical elements in two respects: (1) C and *v, as phase heads, have an edge feature (EPP) and Agree features that need to be valued and/or checked at a functional projection lower than the each phase head; (2) the formal features of C can appear at *v if they are licensed by an associate feature present in the C/T domain for the purpose of Full Interpretation (Chomsky 1995, 2000).

Towards a Unified Treatment of Modality (abstract) Sumayya Racy, Ph.D. The primary claim of this thesis is that despite the numerous forms modality may take, both within and across languages, there are relatively few features, structures and operations which give rise to these numerous forms. For example, in English the modal notion of obligation may be expressed by a verb (He must go), but an adverb (He obligatorily goes), by an adjective (He is obliged), by a noun (He has an obligation), and even by a preposition (It's on him to go) or by no clear modal marker (He is to go). In other languages, we find still more ways in which modality may be expressed, such as through affixes (Garo), through evidentials (Tuyuca), through modal particles (Norwegian), and through mood (Latin). It is shown in this thesis that by adopting Cinque's (1999) hierarchy of functional projections, Distributed Morphology (Halle & Marantz 1993), the semantics of Kratzer (1991) and Hacquard (2006) and a limited feature set, we may account for many of these expressions of modality within a single unified framework. In particular, it is argued that modal roots are acategorial (accounting for the many parts of speech we find in modal expressions) and it is proposed that head movement and fusion may take place among modal functional heads (accounting for the fact that modality may be expressed through other categories like evidentiality). Along the way, several interesting facets of modality are pointed out, including the fact that modal nouns may only be used with unusual abilities, and the fact that in English intonation and ASL repeated movement we may find phonological correlates of epistimicity.

This thesis examines a body of contemporary Japanese films in order to unpack the various portrayals of some of Japan’s socially marginalized groups including women, alienated and rebellious youth, mentally unstable and socially withdrawn individuals, immigrants, and others who don’t adhere to the rigorous standards of social hierarchies and cultural traditions. Postmodernism provides the theoretical framework for the analysis of these films. I argue that Japanese postmodern films and their celebrations of the periphery are essential to contemporary Japan for three related reasons: These postmodern films represent sites of renewal - a positive view of the periphery; a neutral definition of the periphery as part of everyday life; and lastly, as a negative critique of an illusory meta-Japan. The intended outcome of this paper will be to find contrasting/contradictory representations of the periphery - as portrayed by Japanese filmmakers. Japan’s filmic representations of the complex social difficulties faced by the peripheral groups that exist within contemporary Japanese society can provide valuable social awareness and commentaries that are not readily found in other facets of Japanese society. / Graduate