The purpose of this study is fourfold: (1) to investigate any differences in self-concept scores of a normal (adjusted) and abnormal (maladjusted) population; (2) to investigate any difference in self-concept scores between psychotic and non-psychotic hospitalized patients, (3) to investigate changes in self-concept concomitant with psychotherapy, and (4) to investigate any sex differences in self-concept.

The principal purpose of this study was the assessment of the relationships of five personality traits, achievement motive, decisiveness, need for power, initiative, and selfassurance, to a criterion of executive success in business. A second purpose of the present study was the construction of a regression equation for the prediction of executive success.

Is it possible that the Bender-Gestalt (B-G) protocol of an individual is complex of many different, discrete, perceptual tests? Is it possible to find the relationships among the scoring factors for the B-G and by factor analysis find some systematic order among the individual designs useful in predicting specific behavioral propensities? If a consistent relationship can be shown to exist between scorable deviations on the B-G designs and certain personality variables among individuals, then perhaps a start can be made toward predictive validity of the B-G.

The primary objective of this study was to explore the relationship between personality and employability using a sample of 100 employees at a meat producing company in South Africa. A secondary objective was to determine if personality could be used to predict employability, and whether individuals from different demographic groups differed regarding their employability. The instruments used were the sixteen personality factor inventory (16PF) and the Van Der Heidje employability measure. The research findings indicated that the personality factors of submissiveness and seriousness correlated to the employability dimensions of anticipation/ optimization and occupational expertise respectively. Openness and corporate sense were also correlated, with anxiety in particular correlating with the overall employability measure. Differences between the race groups and employability were also noted. Particular interventions aimed at improving individual career decision making and employability practices within the organisation concluded the study. / M.A. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

This study was an investigation of the relationship between feelings of insecurity of institutionalized delinquent boys and the following personality variables: Ascendancy, Responsibility, Emotional Stability, Sociability, Cautiousness, Original Thinking, Personal Relations, and Vigor.

The overall purpose of this study is, therefore, to determine if there are measurable relationships between some specific aptitudes and certain basic personality traits.

ABSTRACT THE IMPACT OF MATERIALITY, PERSONALITY TRAITS, AND ETHICAL POSITION ON WHISTLE-BLOWING INTENTIONS By Karl Bryan Menk A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Business at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University, 2011 Dissertation Director: Dr. Benson Wier, Ph.D. Professor of Accounting, School of Business Throughout the previous decade, numerous scandals have been reported through employees engaging in whistle-blowing activities. The importance of whistle-blowing in a corporate environment is encouraged through the protections provided to employees engaging in whistle-blowing activities and has been identified as a significant factor in fraud prevention. Despite the importance of the role of whistle-blowing, employees are often hesitant to report a problem due to potential repercussions and retaliations. This study was motivated by the importance of whistle-blowing actions on businesses and the environment in which businesses operate as well as a desire to better understand the underlying causes of an individual’s decision to engage in whistle-blowing practices. This study examines the impact of personality traits, ethical position, and the materiality of a problem on an individual’s decision to engage in whistle-blowing activities. Participants were asked to evaluate a scenario involving the improper recording of revenues. In the high materiality scenario, the inappropriate revenues represented 10 percent of the annual revenues of the firm. Only 1 percent of the annual revenues were incorrectly reported in the low materiality scenario. The study tested multiple hypotheses using survey data collected from upper level accounting students attending a 4 year university. The results of this study indicate that the ethical position of an individual is the most strongly related to an individual’s intention to engage in whistle-blowing activities. The presence of more pro-social personality traits in the decision maker is also positively related to the decision to whistle-blow but not as significantly as ethical position.

As the growing body of literature draws on various theoretical perspectives of ambidexterity - an organization’s ability to balance both exploration and exploitation activities - an important stream has emerged that focuses on the role of leaders in the development of ambidexterity. This thesis is seeking to advance knowledge on how SME leaders engage in ambidextrous leadership to respond to the complexities of innovation and improve employee’s innovative behaviors as well as overall business performance. Using survey generated data from 98 SMEs, the first paper reveals that opening and closing leadership behaviors predicted employee explorative and exploitative innovation behaviors respectively above all control variables. The combination of both leadership behaviors also predicted employee ambidexterity. A significant revelation was that the effect of ambidextrous leadership behaviors on employee innovation behaviors is mediated by adaptive/flexible leadership behavior. The second paper investigates the association of potentially relevant antecedents: personality traits, emotional intelligence, adaptive/flexible leadership, transformational leadership and transactional leadership to ambidextrous leadership behaviors (including opening leadership behaviors and closing leadership behaviors). With the exception of personality traits which showed no relationship to ambidextrous leadership, the other independent variables showed varying relationships to ambidextrous leadership. Using a qualitative methodology (interviews), the third paper explores ambidextrous leadership behaviors in female entrepreneurs in relation to gender-role identity. Our findings from semi-structured interviews with 14 female entrepreneurs in Wales reveal that female leaders in our study are mostly androgynous and ambidextrous. Our results demonstrate that female entrepreneurs have little or no consideration for gender stereotypes in performing their leadership duties. Rather, greater focus is placed on demonstrating their competence using traits and leadership behaviors that drive goal accomplishment including the integration of stereotypic masculine and feminine leadership behaviors as considered necessary. Additionally, we observe that the choice of leadership behavior/trait that is emphasized at any point in time is contingent on contextual or situational demands of work as well as individual competencies of the entrepreneur. Overall, this thesis highlights theoretical and practical implications for ambidextrous leadership. Further, it provides steps towards effective understanding of ambidextrous leadership development and practical applications. This thesis indicates that ambidextrous leadership is important for SMEs seeking to enhance employee innovative work behaviors.

The purpose of this study was to explore the current conditions of personality traits, work stress and coping strategies of the teachers at junior high schools in Kaohsiung County and Kaohsiung City, and to analyze if there was any relationship among them. The study was conducted by means of a questionnaire survey with ¡§Questionnaire on Personality Traits, Work Stress and Coping Strategies of the Teachers at Junior High Schools in Kaohsiung County and Kaohsiung City.¡¨ 577 teachers were randomly sampled from 78 junior high schools in Kaohsiung County and Kaohsiung City. Among the collected questionnaires, 546 copies, which accounted for 94.63 % of all, were valid. The collected data was analyzed by statistical methods, including mean, standard deviation, t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson¡¦s product-moment correlation, Canonical correlation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Based on the analyzed results, the followings were concluded: 1.The overall personality traits of the teachers at junior high schools in Kaohsiung County and Kaohsiung City were high intermediate, with the level of Agreeableness highest. Male teachers with a master¡¦s degree or above felt their overall personality traits were higher. 2.The overall work stress for the teachers at junior high schools in Kaohsiung County and Kaohsiung City was intermediate . The main source of stress originates from the adaptation to change. Single female teachers in middle-sized schools felt a higher degree of work stress. 3.The overall coping strategies of the teachers at junior high schools in Kaohsiung County and Kaohsiung City were high intermediate Among them, the strategy of problem solving got the highest percentage. Teachers who have obtained a master¡¦s degree or graduated from ordinary universities had a higher level of overall coping strategies than those who graduated from normal universities or teachers colleges. 4.Male teachers have a higher degree of emotional stability, extroversion and openness than female teachers. Married teachers outperformed singles with regard to emotional stability and agreeableness. 5.Teachers with a master¡¦s degree or above had better emotional stability than those who graduated from ordinary universities, normal universities or teachers colleges. Teachers with a master¡¦s degree or above had a higher level of agreeableness than graduates from normal universities or teachers colleges. Regarding conscientiousness, the percentage for teachers graduating from ordinary universities was higher than those from normal universities or teachers colleges. 6.Female junior high school teachers perceived more stress than male instructors in terms of teaching management, professional expertise and adaptation to change. Single teachers suffered more work stress related to interpersonal relationships and professional expertise than those who are married 7.There was a higher percentage in the use of the strategy of help seeking for female teachers than for male instructors. 8.The better personality traits of the teachers at junior high schools in Kaohsiung County and Kaohsiung City were, the lower work stress would show. The lower work stress they have, the higher coping strategies would show. 9.Personality traits were predictive to work stress, and the major predictive variable was emotional stability. 10.Work stress was predictive to the overall coping strategies, and the major predictive variable was professional expertise. According to the results and conclusions of this study, the researcher proposes some specific suggestions for the related personnel teachers, school or education administration to do further study.

The purpose of this study is to explore the personality traits, emotional management and teacher efficacy of the junior high school teachers in Tainan City and to analyze if there is any relationship among them. The study is conducted by means of questionnaire survey with ¡§Questionnaire on Personality Traits, Emotional Management and Teacher Efficacy of the Junior High School Teachers in Tainan City.¡¨ 1796 teachers are randomly sampled from 18 junior high schools in Tainan City. Among the collected questionnaires, 624 were valid. The effective questionnaire was 95%. The collected data was analyzed by statistical methods, including mean, standard deviation, t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson¡¦s product-moment correlation, Canonical correlation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Based on the analyzed results, the followings are concluded: 1.The overall personality traits of junior high school teachers in Tainan City are positive , among which the level of ¡§agreeableness¡¨ is the highest. 2.The overall emotional management ability of junior high school teachers in Tainan City is high intermediate , among which the level of ¡§emotional sense¡¨ is the highest. 3.The overall teacher efficacy of the junior high school teachers in Tainan City is high intermediate. Among which, the level of efficacy for instructional strategies and the level of efficacy for classroom management are obviously higher than the level of efficacy for student engagement. 4.The overall personality traits are positive among the junior high school woman teachers who were graduated from university, aged above 51 ,with more than 16 years of teaching experience. 5.The overall emotional management are better among the junior high school woman teachers who were graduated from university, with less 5 year teaching experience. 6.The overall teacher efficacy are higher among the junior high school woman teachers who were aged above 51 and with the teaching experience of more than 26 years. 7.The junior high school teachers who have higher level of ¡§openness¡¨ in these five personality traits have better teacher efficacy. 8.The more positive for personality traits and the higher emotional management, the better teacher efficacy. According to the results and conclusions of this study, the researcher proposes some specific suggestions for the related school or education administration's staff to do further study.