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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

[en] RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PETROLEUM PITCHES PRECURSORS OF CARBON FIBERS / [pt] CARACTERIZAÇÃO REOLÓGICA DE PICHES DE PETRÓLEO PRECURSORES DE FIBRAS DE CARBONO

FABIANA RODRIGUES VIEIRA LOUVEM 12 August 2015 (has links)
[pt] As propriedades reológicas dos piches de petróleo têm grande importância no processamento e nas propriedades finais das fibras de carbono, além de auxiliar na seleção da matéria-prima. No presente trabalho, uma série de piches de petróleo com teores crescentes de anisotropia foi produzida a partir de óleo decantado proveniente do processo de craqueamento catalítico do petróleo, com o objetivo de se investigar as propriedades reológicas destes materiais, para melhor aplicá-las na produção de fibras de carbono. Um dos piches produzidos foi centrifugado em alta temperatura com o objetivo de estudar as propriedades reológicas das suas fases isotrópica e anisotrópica. Os teores e texturas das anisotropias obtidas foram analisados, respectivamente, por centrifugação em alta temperatura e por microscopia ótica com luz polarizada. Os tamanhos moleculares dos piches de petróleo foram medidos utilizando-se a técnica de Espectrometria de Massas com Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz e Análise de Íons por Tempo de Vôo (MALDI-TOF-MS). Os piches analisados apresentaram uma natureza oligomérica, e massas moleculares de até 1500 Da foram detectadas. A caracterização reológica mostrou o comportamento viscoplástico dos piches e as curvas de escoamento medidas foram ajustadas utilizando a função viscosidade de Herschel-Bulkley. As análises reológicas também mostraram o aumento da elasticidade dos piches com o progresso do tratamento térmico e o surgimento do comportamento tixotrópico. As técnicas de análise utilizadas neste trabalho se mostraram eficientes para o estudo e caracterização de piches de petróleo precursores de fibras de carbono. / [en] Rheological properties of petroleum pitches are of major importance not only in the processing and final properties of carbon fibers, but they also helps in the selection of the raw material. In this work, a series of petroleum pitches with increasing contents of anisotropy was produced from decanted oil obtained from catalytic cracking process of petroleum, with the objective of investigate the rheological properties of these materials and its application on carbon fibers production. One of the produced pitches was centrifuged at high temperature with the objective of study the rheological properties of isotropic and anisotropic phases. The contents and textures of the obtained anisotropy were respectively analyzed by centrifugation at high temperature and by optical microscopy with polarized light. The molecular sizes of petroleum pitches were measured using the technique MALDI-TOF-MS (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Timeof- Flight Mass Spectrometry). The analyzed petroleum pitches exhibited an oligomeric nature and molecular masses up to 1500 Da were detected. Rheological characterization showed viscoplastic behavior of pitches and the measured flow curves were fitted using the Herschel-Bulkley viscosity function. Rheological analysis also showed the increasing of pitches elasticity with the progress of the heat treatment and the appearance of thixotropic behavior. The analytical techniques used in this work proved its efficiency on the study and characterization of petroleum pitches as carbon fibers precursors.

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