Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 19, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1999. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 185-196). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 29, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-06-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:55:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 salani_mr_me_guara.pdf: 1597712 bytes, checksum: 2c6c1a1cfcfebdcea313db2c2ce1efe2 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Com os novos desafios impostos pelas condições cada vez mais severas dos poços de petróleo offshore a necessidade de materiais mais modernos e com melhores propriedades mecânicas tem sido um desafio constante. Neste trabalho foi realizada a caracterização mecânica de tubos fabricados a partir de chapas de aço laminadas a quente, seguido de resfriamento acelerado. Os valores reportados são resultados de testes de laboratório aplicados em corpos de prova retirados do metal de base, de solda e da zona termicamente afetada. A utilização destes aços na fabricação de tubos soldados por processo arco-submerso em dois passes, utilizando arcos múltiplos, tem apresentado resultados de tenacidades confiáveis e superiores aos obtidos a partir de chapas laminadas pelo processo de laminação controlada sem resfriamento acelerado, principalmente em espessuras de 16 mm e superiores. Os requisitos do teste de tenacidade especificados pela norma DNV-OS –F101 aplicados em tubos fabricados de acordo com a norma API 5L, são considerados críticos. A criticidade é função dos valores mínimos a serem obtidos e também da freqüência estabelecida para ser aplicada em cada corrida de aço utilizada na produção de cada item de fabricação. Com isso nota-se uma enorme vantagem do uso dos aços com o processo de resfriamento acelerado, visto que os mesmos tiveram uma melhor homogeneidade nos resultados de limite de escoamento, com um ganho significativo no alongamento e apenas uma pequena redução no limite de resistência. O fato de usarem menores teores de carbono, também favoreceu muito a tenacidade no metal de base e ao longo da ZTA, tendo diferenças extremamente significativas de ganho no teste de impacto e CTOD / The main of this work is the mechanical properties characterization of pipes made from steel plates produced using hot rolling with accelerated cooling. The values reported are laboratory tests results, applied on samples taken from the base metal, weld and heat affected zone. The use of these steel plates in the manufacture of pipes by submerged arc welding process using multiple arcs has shown toughness and elongation results superior to those obtained by using hot rolled steel plates without accelerated cooling, particularly in thicknesses of 16 mm and higher. The toughness test requirements specified by DNV-OS-F101 applied for pipes manufactured aiming offshore application are considered critical. The criticality is function of the minimum values required set the sampling frequency to be applied in every steel heat used in the production of each product. Because of this the use of accelerated cooling process shows a significant advantage, since it provides a better homogeneity in yield strength results, with a significant gain in elongation and only a small reduction in tensile strength. The use of smaller amounts of carbon also greatly fostered toughness in base metal and along HAZ, with significant improvement in the impact test and CTOD. Results due to these enhanced properties the use of steels with accelerated cooling technology is essential in order to face technological challenges imposed by new requirements of submarines pipelines

The objective of the research programme has been to develop design parameters applicable to in-service submarine pipeline buckling behaviour. The programme has involved experimental and theoretical studies and computer graphics are widely employed throughout. Initially, as detailed in Chapter 1, the necessary buckling mechanisms in. pipelines subjected to axial compression have been identified and analysed in the form of relatively basic fully mobilised studies. In addition, errors and limitations contained within these studies have been determined and delineated. Consequently, geotechnical experimentation as reported in Chapter 2 was deemed necessary particularly given the dearth of information available relating to the nature of the friction resistance force between the pipeline and its supporting medium. Full scale values for the axial and lateral friction coefficients together with their respective fully mobilised displacements have been deduced upon the basis of model tests. A semi-empirical formula has thereby been produced for use in design practice. Further, a novel interpretation of sea bed recovery, or the pipeline's submerged self-weight inertial characteristics associated with vertical buckling, has also been determined. Following on from the above geotechnical study,more refined quasi-idealised analyses,dealt with in Chapter 3, have been undertaken incorporating the appropriate full scale deformation-dependent axial and lateral friction-response loci together with the respective sea bed recovery characteristics. These analyses enable, for the first time, definition of the appropriate critical temperature rise at which axial-flexural bifurcation occurs. Finally, noting that previous buckling analyses have been based on quasi-idealised buckling phenomena, attempts have also been made to incorporate practical submarine pipeline imperfections. Pipelines are not perfectly straight in field conditions and, consequently, the imperfection studies denoted in Chapter 4 have attempted to model the appropriate behaviour. Design charts have been produced accordingly and suggestions made regarding further studies.

Orientador: Jorge Luís Akasaki / Banca: Jefferson Sidney Camacho / Banca: Antonio Domingues Figueiredo / Resumo: Os tubos de concreto são utilizados em larga escala nas canalizações dos sistemas de abastecimento de água em diâmetros superiores a 400 mm, esgoto sanitário, drenagem pluvial, bueiro e travessia. Suas vantagens e aplicabilidade têm motivado diversas pesquisas sobre esse produto, dentre as quais podemos destacar a utilização de tubos de concreto reforçados com fibras de aço em substituição total da armadura. As fibras de aço quando adicionadas ao concreto melhoram algumas propriedades, tais como: tenacidade, limitação de abertura de fissuras e resistência ao impacto. A pesquisa objetiva analisar o comportamento mecânico de protótipos de tubos de concreto confeccionados com diferentes teores de adições de fibras de aço, tais como: 10 kg/m3, 15 kg/m3, 20 kg/m3, 25 kg/m3 e 30 kg/m3, em substituição total da armadura. Também foram fabricados tubos de concreto simples e armados para uma análise comparativa do comportamento mecânico entre aqueles e os tubos com fibras. Os tubos de concreto possuem 600 mm de diâmetro nominal e 1,5 m de comprimento, destinados aos sistemas de drenagem de águas pluviais. As fibras de aço utilizadas possuem fator de forma igual a 75 e apresentam as seguintes características: 60 mm de comprimento médio e 0,80 mm de diâmetro médio. Os corpos-de-prova cilíndricos foram submetidos aos ensaios: resistência à compressão axial, resistência à tração na compressão diametral, e os corpos-de- prova prismáticos foram submetidos aos ensaios de tenacidade enquanto os tubos de concreto foram submetidos aos ensaios: resistência à compressão diametral e absorção de água (amostras retiradas dos tubos após ensaio de compressão diametral). Dos ensaios realizados se destaca o ensaio de compressão diametral pelo fato... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The concrete pipe is widely used in plumbing systems in water supplying in higher diameters 400 mm, sewage, water rain drainage, storm drain and crossing. Its advantages and functions have motivated a lot of researches about this product, among them can point out used concrete pipes reinforced with steel fibers replacing the conventional framework. The steel fibers when added concrete improvement some properties, such as: flexural toughness, limitation crack width and high strain rates strength. The current text refers to a study developed to evaluate the mechanical behavior of manufactured prototypes with steel fibers added in different contents, such as: 10 kg/m3, 15 kg/m3, 20 kg/m3, 25 kg/m3 e 30 kg/m3, replacing the conventional framework. Also were manufactured simple concrete pipes and concrete pipes with framework for analysis to compare the mechanical behavior between that one and steel fibers. The pipes used have 600 mm nominal diameter and 1,5 m length, used in systems in water rain drainage. The steel fibers used have aspect ratio 75 and present characteristics: 60 mm medium length and 0,80 mm medium diameter. The circular specimens were submitted the testing for: compressive strength, tensile strength by diametrical compressive, and the rectangular specimens were submittes the testing for flexural toughness while the concrete pipes were submitted the testing for: diametrical compressive strength and absorption of water (sample retreat of pipes after the testing for diametrical compressive strength). The testing for realized to point for diametrical compressive strength because the testing for the same concrete pipe and all particular characteristics for observed. The Brazilian specification NBR 8890 (ABNT, 2007) specify the testing for diametrical compressive... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

[pt] O problema de convecção forçada em dutos triangulares isósceles, com condições de escoamento em regime laminar e perfis de velocidade e temperatura não desenvolvidos, é analisado neste trabalho. Aplicando-se a Técnica de Sublimação de Naftaleno são determinados experimentalmente os valores médios dos coeficientes de transporte de massa em dutos triangulares com as laterais constituídas em naftaleno e a base inerte, para ângulos de 30 graus, 45 graus, 60 graus e 90 graus. São obtidos resultados para números de Reynolds compreendidos entre 100 e 1800, coma relação entre o comprimento do duto e o diâmetro hidráulico entre 2 e 40, cobrindo, desta forma, ampla faixa para o comprimento adimensional, notadamente na região próxima à entrada do canal. A partir da Analogia entre Transferência de Calor e Massa são estimados os coeficientes de transporte de calor para dutos triangulares isósceles com paredes isotérmicas e base adiabática. Esta configuração corresponde à simulação de um coletor solar para aquecimento de ar, cuja placa absorvedora é formada por cavidades triangulares. É realizada análise teórica deste coletor utilizando-se, também, superfícies, seletivas. São apresentadas curvas de performance para diversas condições de trabalho. / [en] Overall mass-transfer coefficients in the laminar entrance regions of 30, 45, 60 ans 90 degrees isósceles triangular ducts were determinated by application of the naphthalene sublimation technique. I in accordance with the analogy between heat and mass- transfer, the experimental conditions corresponded to a heat-transfer situation carachterized by simultaneously developing velocity and temperature fields in a isósceles triangular duct with isothermal lateral walls and adiabatic base. Results were obtained for Reynolds numbers in the range between 100 and 1800, and length-to-hydraulic diameter ratio from 2 to 40, in order to cover a long range of the dimensionless streamwise coordinate values, mainly in the neighborhood of the entrance region. Analytical expressions for the mass-transfer coefficients were determined using the least squares method. In the present analysis the obtained results were employed in a theoretical study of a solar energy collector consisting of a vee-corrugated selective plate. Performace curves for many working conditions were presented.

[pt] As técnicas eletromagnéticas de inspeção têm se destacado como as únicas com potencial de determinar, de forma não invasiva, a tensão mecânica nos arames de sustentação dos risers flexíveis. Como o duto flexível é uma estrutura complexa, constituída por várias camadas de aço e de termopl ástico, as técnicas tradicionais de inspeção não são aplicáveis. Alguns métodos magnéticos são capazes de penetrar a camada polimérica externa do riser, porém ainda apresentam limitações e dificuldade na interpretação dos resultados. Não existe hoje, seja no mercado mundial de serviços ou nos diversos grupos de pesquisas que têm se dedicado a este tema, uma solução confiável e definitiva para este problema. O presente trabalho estuda como as diferentes técnicas baseadas em eletromagnetismo podem ser aplicadas na inspeção ou monitoramento da integridade de risers flexíveis. Experimentos e simulações são utilizados para discutir as vantagens e os problemas de cada técnica. Além dos métodos puramente magnéticos estudados, é proposta a aplicação inédita da técnica de ressonância magnetoacústica, também chamada EMAR (Electro Magnetic Acoustic Resonance). Esta técnica gera ondas ultrassônicas no arame através de transdutores eletromagnéticos (EMAT) e é capaz de estimar a tensão mecânica usando as frequências das ressonâncias acústicas. Um novo modelo teórico é proposto para descrever a curva do espectro de ressonâncias acústicas produzidas com EMAR. Anteriormente, estes espectros eram modelados por uma função Lorentziana. Experimentos demonstram que o modelo proposto é significativamente superior, sendo capaz de explicar diversas características dos espectros obtidos. Resultados experimentais mostram a viabilidade do EMAR para estimar a tensão mecânica dos arames, mesmo através da capa, em determinadas circunst âncias. São discutidas as limitações da técnica, casos de uso possíveis e ainda os desenvolvimentos necessários para sua efetiva utilização em campo. / [en] The only inspection techniques that have shown potential to determine, in a non-intrusive fashion, the mechanical stress on armour wires of flexible risers are the electromagnetic-based ones. Because the flexible pipeline is a complex multilayered structure of steel and thermoplastics, traditional inspection techniques cannot be used. Some electromagnetic methods are known to be able to run through the outer polymeric layer to sense the wires but the obtained data are very difficult to interpret. To date there is still no reliable and definitive solution to this problem, neither in the market nor in research groups. This present work analyses how the different electromagnetic techniques can be employed on inspection or monitoring of riser integrity. Experiments and simulations are used to discuss the advantages and limitations of each technique. Besides the purely electromagnetic methods, a novel solution is proposed based on electromagnetic acoustic resonance (EMAR). This technique produces ultrasonic waves on the wire using electromagnetic transducers (EMAT) and is able to estimate the mechanical stress by measuring the frequency of the acoustic resonances. A new line shape calculation is proposed to the acoustic resonances of EMAR. Previously, the spectral data was fitted by a Lorentzian function. The new function is shown to be significantly superior, explaining features of the spectrum not previously described and achieving much better agreement with experimental data. Experiments with flexible pipelines show the viability of using EMAR to estimate the mechanical stress of the wires, even through the outer sheath in some circunstances. The limitations of this technique are discussed, along with possible forms of usage and the pending developments for its effective deployment on the field.

This work deals with the processes occurring during the firing of an impact-cumulation water cannon. The breakup of the impulsive water jets produced by such a device is explained in terms of the overpressure of the jets on emergence. Design criteria are identified to produce a fast, coherent jet from such a machine. Pressure histories are shown in the nozzle of the water cannon, together with pressures caused by the impact of a fast moving piston on a water packet. Measurements of the forces exerted by the water jets are given, for jets produced with air or with vacuum in the nozzle. A method for finding the jet head velocity decay is introduced, together with results therefrom. A substantial decay in the jet velocity with distance from the nozzle is noted, for the basic design of water cannon. The pressure distribution in lengths of straight tube attached to the end of the converging region of a nozzle is given, and shows a rapid and exponential fall from the high pressure generated in the nozzle. The impulsive blast noise produced by the firing of the water cannon is quantified and is shown to be eliminated when the piston-water impact is cushioned.

The removal of dust from a filter surface usually involves rapid motion which induces a cleaning force at the dust/surface boundary. In traditional long bag filters large amplitude movement is necessary to generate adequate forces and such motion often results in poor cleaning,premature bag wear and filter blinding. The flat geometry inclined filter was conceived to utilise the enhanced movement propogation of planar surfaces and to maximise the use of the available ground area. A detailed theoretical and pracical examination of the operation and cleaning of such filters has shown that the concept and practicality are in close agreement. The research has indicated that the removal of filter cakes involves inducing cake removal forces in excess of the adhesion forces of the cake/membrane combination. For inclined filters the removal of a cake also involves the transportation of material to the edge of the filter surface, hence combining cleaning and discharge. The filter material is not excessively flexed as a pre-requisite of cake removal and hence membrane wear is low. No general optimum frequency or amplitude can be identified for cake removal and transport because vibration characteristics depend on the size and construction of the filter elements. For a particular construction the optimum frequency was found to to be the resonant frequency of the filter element suspension. The removal of cake was shown to depend upon the product of the cake areal mass and acceleration at each point on the filtration surface (cake removal stress). The concept of vibration transmission and cake removal have been used in a computer model in which the cake and filter medium resistances are combined using a series/parallel concept.