第一節、研究背景與研究動機 全球運籌的概念與機制在最近幾年提出，並受到產官學界相當程度的重視。由於市場已因科技進步與資訊流通而趨向全球化和分工化，企業必須以全球的角度來制訂營運策略、瞭解不同市場的需求，建立低成本、高效能、快速反應客戶要求的供應網路。要達到真正全球運籌的目標，企業必須建立一個「需求驅動的全球供應網路（DDSN）」來快速因應，甚至影響市場需求，創造客戶、企業和供應網路夥伴們的最大價值。 根據美國著名研究機構AMR Research的研究報告顯示，DDSN具備以下特性： 1. 精準即時的跨網路需求資訊。 2. 管控供銷的不確定性。 3. 以事件為基礎的產銷協調機制。 4. 整合產品生命週期需求走勢的營收計劃。 上述四項特性除了強調供應端的靈活與應變能力（透過Cycle Time、Reduction和Postponement策略）之外，更重視對需求端的分析、瞭解、掌握與控管。供應網路的存在就是為了滿足市場需求，因此最有效的供應網路就必須以需求來驅動與配合，使得協同需求管理的概念應運而生。協同需求管理是一個協同整合所有與需求面相關的計劃與管理流程，強調透過企業內部同部門間、企業與企業間的緊密協同合作，加上嚴謹的科學分析以瞭解並影響客戶和市場對產品、服務的需求。由此可見，協同需求管理和DDSN的密切關連性，且協同需求管理著實是建立DDSN的必備條件（陳昱嘉，民94）。 第二節、研究目的 很多企業對需求的掌握與預測都明顯的不足，歸究其原因不外乎包括：需求預測方法不客觀、不可靠及所謂的長鞭效應缺乏實際市場需求能見度、現有流程缺乏自我改善的能力、部門間鮮少協同合作造成供銷失調等。協同需求管理就是針對上述原因所提出的根本改善之道：透過流程的管控和例外狀況的監控與處理，來改善需求預測準確度。 第三節、研究範圍與限制 一、受到時間及研究方法的限制，本研究所針對的相關企業有限，且各個企業所專長之技術領域與個案公司專注之市場亦不盡相同，僅能達成特定產業性的結論。若能將本研究結果進一步延伸至其他專業領域，其研究結果將更能被廣泛的認同並且加以應用與推廣。 二、在本研究中，由於著眼於產品生命週期的快速汰換，個案公司亦有機會因某項產品或某項技術的領先而在財務績效領先現有的領導者。因此，以位處於此一領域的IC設計企業作為研究對象，將有助於瞭解整個產業發展的脈絡。然而此一產業之技術一日千里，此一變數較難加以定義與控制。 三、一般人認為，由於程序管理在專案管理之基本上主觀的認定，僅能對於片段的營業活動加以思考，而無法針對整體專案活動予以全面性之考量；因此本研究將盡可能的將此抽象的概念具體化，以提供未來相關主題之論文來參考。 四、本研究因受限於研究者之學經歷背景，無法對於IC設計產業在技術上提供過多的探討，故在研究過程與結果中對科技之相關內涵未有太多的篇幅；然而研發能力及技術門檻對於個別公司在建立專案架構的過程中所佔有的重要地位，是絕對具備一定影響力。 第四節、研究流程 本研究經文獻回顧之後，建構協同管理模式分類，了解目前國內IC設計產業推動協同管理之現況與趨勢後，提出具體結論、建議及未來協同管理的研究方。本研究流程如圖1.1所示。

Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.

Competition among container ports continues to increase as the differentiation of hub ports and feeder ports progresses. Managers in many container terminals are trying to attract carriers by automating handling equipment, providing and speeding up various services, and furnishing the most current information on the flow of containers. At the same time, however, they are trying to reduce costs by utilizing resources efficiently, including human resources, berths, container yards, quay cranes, and various yard equipment. When planning berth usage, the berthing time and the exact position of each vessel at the wharf, as well as various quay side resources are usually determined in the process. Several variables must be considered, including the length overall (LOA) and arrival time of each vessel, the number of containers for discharging and loading, and the storage location of outbound/inbound containers to be loaded onto/discharged from the corresponding vessel. Furthermore, we aim to propose berthing plan that will be "robust", since the actual arrival time of each vessel can vary substantially from forecast. This is particular important for vessels from priority customers (called priority vessels hereon), who have been promised berth-on-arrival (i.e. within two hours of arriving) service guarantee in their contract with PSA. A robust plan will also helps to minimize the frequent updates (changes) to berthing plan that have repercussion in resource and sta deployment within the terminal. Thus, the problem reduces to one of finding a berthing plan, so that priority vessels can be berthed-on-arrival with high probability, and the vessels can be berthed as close to their preferred locations as possible, to reduce the cost of transporting the containers within the terminal. In this paper, we described an approach to address this problem. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

The importance and necessity of a Strategic Marketing Plan for SafeTool has been well recognized.Actions are to be undertaken internally to match the external needs of the customers. An approach based on customer satisfaction and on identifying customers’ patterns is proposed in the thesis to better project the companies’ competitive advantages and respond to customers’ preferences.A detailed Marketing Plan is suggested and reinforced with an actionable plan for 2007/2008. Through its execution, we aim at repositioning SafeTool through the delivery of the central value proposition based on three cornerstones: Efficiency, Cost reduction and Social responsibility. This Marketing plan will help build a Marketing Culture in SafeTool and a recognizable brand identity through the different tactics suggested in this report.

Les récents développements dans les technologies de l'information et l'augmentation des problèmes provenant du domaine de la santé (vieillissement de la population, pénurie de personnel médical) ont fait émerger de nouveaux axes de recherche prometteurs comme l'assistance cognitive pour les personnes atteintes de la maladie d'Alzheimer à l'intérieur d'un habitat intelligent. Une des difficultés majeures inhérentes à ce type d'assistance est la reconnaissance des activités de la vie quotidienne (AVQ) réalisées par le patient à l'intérieur de l'habitat, qui sont déterminées par les actions effectuées par celui-ci, dans le but de prévoir son comportement afin d'identifier les différentes opportunités de le guider dans l'accomplissement de ses AVQ. Toutefois, cette situation soulève un dilemme qui n'a pas encore été pris en considération dans les travaux du domaine de la reconnaissance de plans. En effet, on peut interpréter l'observation d'une nouvelle action différente de celle attendue de deux façons opposées: soit qu'il s'agisse d'une erreur de la part du patient, soit que le patient débute une nouvelle activité, réalisée de façon entrecroisée avec l'activité en cours de réalisation. Pour résoudre cette situation paradoxale, on propose dans ce mémoire un modèle de reconnaissance hybride comme une piste de solutions. Elle consiste en une extension probabiliste d'un modèle logique basé sur la théorie des treillis et sur un formalisme d'action en logique de description, développé durant les travaux de thèse de Bruno Bouchard effectués au laboratoire DOMUS de l'Université de Sherbrooke. Le modèle logique structure le processus de reconnaissance d'activités en un raisonnement par classification des plans possibles, permettant d'extraire un certain nombre d'hypothèses sur le comportement du patient. Notre approche mixte basée sur la logique de description probabiliste, résout le problème d'équiprobabilité en privilégiant certaines hypothèses concernant son comportement. Par conséquent, cette extension minimisera l'incertitude dans la prédiction des actions futures du patient, et plus important encore, d'anticiper les différentes catégories de déviations comportementales typiques d'un patient Alzheimer. Nous avons implémenté et validé le modèle proposé à l'aide d'un ensemble de scénarios tirés de cas réels et de fréquences d'observation inspirées d'une étude effectuée sur des patients réels.

The intent of this study was to investigate a system approach to implementing a diversity plan in a chosen school district, with emphasis on (1) why a chosen school district utilized a systems approach in implementing a diversity plan to meet the needs of their ever changing ethnically diverse, disadvantaged, and multilingual population, (2) what process did the district use in meeting the needs of a diverse population, and (3) can a business model be transformed and used in an educational system to meet the needs of the internal forces as well as those external forces. The Cox’s Model for Cultural Change was used to analyze the district diversity plan. The district diversity plan had six categories while the Cox Model has five. According to the Cox Model, to have an effective organizational change the change effort should include all the five themes and sub- themes. The change effort should be continually assessed and refined over time in a process of continuous loop learning. A qualitative case study methodology was used to collect and report the data for this study. The data collected in this study included intensive open-ended and follow-up interviews. The data sources were comprised of one board member, three administrators, four principals, and eight teachers. Of the sixteen participants, six members were of color and ten were European-American teachers, principals, and administrators. The constant comparative method was used to analyze the data. In analysis, the themes utilized for this study, comparing the leadership of the board member, administrators, principals, and teachers, congruence in leadership as described by Cox did not exist. Failure to utilize all the elements of the Cox Model made Mayflower ISD Diversity Plan weak. Lack of communication across the district hampered Mayflower ISD to embrace diversity. The finding from this study using the three categories Leadership, Education, and Follow-Up revealed that it was lacking in continuity, understanding, implementation, guidance, and trust. In conjunction with the review of literature and an analysis of the data, the findings from this study reveal that the district will not meet its’ overall objective of embracing diversity district wide.

Steel construction materials are very common use for factory and high building in nearly years. Generally speaking the steel construction material is refers has the fixed cross section the steel products. Like rolling H, the T section, the light channel steel, the angle steel and so on all are. But their order characteristic for depends on the length order, also can be different regarding the different length its unit weight price. Manages in not the easy situation in the present enterprise, saved the material cost already to change can it be that is often important, All company shall consider for its huge material storage. Regarding the company huge stock information bank system in, frequently the existence permits the material which how long year hasn't used, finally really very is big by the waste treatment regarding company's loss. So material cutting plane is an important work for those fabrication company. A good cutting plane is directly effect the used percentage, material cost, transportation cost, moving efficiency are also an important effects points, Therefore a good combination for cutting plan can obvious lower material cost, also good help for cutting efficiency, The research of Tabu search shall be use to steel construction material combination and becoming an good effective calculation method to reach three purpose as follow: 1.Considers the multi-objective of material fixed number of years, the spillage of material and the material cost, that material best arrangement combination solution or approximate best solution. 2.Develop algorithm for actuality using in materials combination so all fabrication company can use this method to reduce their cost. 3.Collection all remain material and make it together to save moving time. The result showed obtains the solution by the Tabu Search method to be possible the effective reduced material purchase quantity; also remainder centralism also has the very good improvement.

While an enterprise is from the initiative to the growing phase, it is necessary to expand the scale to meet the dramatically upside and the market demand. However the existing human resources are not efficient anymore so it is inevitable to increase the staff to reflect the growing organization. In the view of the above scenario, how to create an appropriate recruitment and the selecting system for the company? We could see that some newcomers will easily be nervous , and anxious or even will quit soon due to the problem of getting with the new environment and job. Therefore how the organization makes the new employees fit the company smoothly through the socialization plan for the employees becomes an important issue which influences the growth of the enterprise. The purpose of this research is to analyze the socialization plan of the enterprise as following item: 1. How to recruit able people who suit the company. 2. How to make them fit the company smoothly and show the outstanding performance. 3. Reduce the turnover of the employee for not fitting for the organization.TK3C is the target in this research. We focus on its plan of recruiting, selecting and training program for the entry of Great China market. In this case we can observe a growing company and its expansion plan of recruitment. Also the case evaluation and the improvement plan are included. The study was done with field research way--practical training, interview with the related staff who makes effect the project, and observing the design and the effective of the company installation plan. In addition, the related theory of the socialization is collected for being the basis of the analysis and inspection. Some major problems were found during the research such as the affect of the recruitment is weaker and weaker, no clear and specific standard, invisible effect on the training. There are suggestions and improvement plan in this research. After the approach of constructive interview and the apprenticed- training, hopefully we could see the overall performance of the employees will be increased and the turnover ratio of the newcomer will be decreased.

The problem of street children in Namibia corresponds with that seen in other Third World countries where the economic and socioeconomic climate favours unemployment and poverty, resulting in cultural degeneration and desperate antisocial behavioural patterns. An example of this phenomenon is the growing numbers of street children who are not an integral part of a family, supportive neighbourhood or healthy surroundings. A recovery plan based on the concrete particulars of the everyday realities of these children is urgently required to reverse the situation. It demands a clear understanding of the problem within the specific context of Namibia. This article describes the general characteristics, behavioural patterns and causes of the phenomenon in order to enable the government to prevent, manage and provide an efficient service to households in Namibia so as to defuse and respond to those factors contributing to children living on the streets.

Purpose and objectives: To manage the core departmental responsibilities in relation to TLT, Research and Community engagement and the administrative support required for the execution thereof