Thesis (M. Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes special report study entitled: Problematizng the tourist practices. Also available in print.

Thesis (M. Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes special report study entitled: Adverstising, architecture and urban texture. Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2004. / Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-105). Also available online via the West Virginia University website.

abstract: The city of Groningen in the Netherlands is often referred to as the "world cycling city" because over fifty percent of trips are made on bicycles (Van Hoven & Elzinga, 2009). On the contrary, just four percent of trips in Tempe, Arizona are on bicycles (McKenzie, 2014). Through a series of interviews and surveys, this study investigates what causes such high bicycling rates in Groningen and applies these findings to Tempe. The results suggest that Groningen experiences high bicycling rates because the city uses "carrot" and "stick" policies to encourage bicycling and discourage driving. It is therefore recommended that Tempe adopt both types of policies to raise bicycling levels. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Geography 2015

M.Com. (Business Management)

Broadening our Classroom is organized into two parts. Part One deals with a theoretical discussion about the meaning and motivations of planning education in contemporary societies and times. From here, planning education can be both contextualized and understood within the wider discourse of what planning education should be in the 21st century. This study then works to illuminates areas of planning education that must be critiqued and challenged based on the way they are currently taught and engaged. Here, the ideas of ‘skills’ and ‘competencies’ are teased in an attempt to fruitfully grapple with planning education from the standpoint of its students. This points towards the need for 21st century planners to observe values, utilize skills and employ took-kits which include the ability to work in cross-cultural settings effectively (at home and abroad), an area of planning education which is to an extent lacking in practice. The merger of planning education and cross-cultural learning experience is proposed as a mechanism to address some of the challenges associated with this endeavor. Part Two transports the theoretical discussion into practice through an evaluation of the Naga City Studio Course offered by the School of Community and Regional Planning at the University of British Columbia (SCARP UBC). In May and June 2007, 20 UBC students participated in a ‘Planning Studio’ course in Naga City, Philippines. The Naga City Studio course serves as a case study in operationalizing a direction for planning education. The course is evaluated and analyzed primarily through participant’s experiences and reflections on the course. It becomes clear that the Naga City Studio Course serves as a creative and ultimately profound example of new directions in planning education, providing students the opportunity to gain cross-cultural exposure and to better understand and enhance their planning related skills within a cross-cultural context. The opportunity for students to both develop and better understand the (cultural) competencies necessary as practicing professionals is a key outcome of the course and serves as the key finding of Broadening our Classroom. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

It is the purpose of this Thesis to demonstrate: that a single enterprise community of settlements should plan its activities to prevent ghost towns from developing and to lessen the ill-effects of economic fluctuations; that a regional planning approach to this problem is the best since it produces balanced solutions from consideration of physical, social, and economic aspects; that the problems of single enterprise communities can be solved if a group or an individual who has recognized the problem can give the leadership needed to stir governments, companies, and the people sufficiently so that a regional planning administration will be established as the first step to solving the problem; and, finally, that the survey, analysis, and solutions, will be a contribution to knowledge. A survey of various communities was undertaken to demonstrate the problem. These were settlements as they existed in the past and as they exist today. The single enterprise community of settlements of the Rossland-Trail Region is used as a case study in order to show that such a community is vulnerable to the general problem but can be aided. A survey of its particular problems is undertaken and various solutions to them are offered. From the problems and solutions certain general principles are derived: The Principle of a Regional Planning Approach; The Principle of the Physical Habitat; A Principle for Regional Delimitation; The Principle of Economic Dominance; The Principle of a Regional Land-Use Balance; The Principle of Economic Expansion and Diversification; The Principle of Resource Development; The Principle of Citizen Participation; The Principle of Limited Jurisdiction; and The Principle of a Regional Planning Administration. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

Planning for development as a function of central government forms the general subject of this study. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the hypothesis that, to be effective, such planning must be comprehensive in approach, that is, economic, social and physical planning must be integrated into one total process. Trinidad and Tobago, a territory of the West Indies Federation, is taken as an illustrative case study. The case study focuses on the more practical aspects of the problem and is meant to indicate how the different elements of the planning process could be integrated into one comprehensive system and be effectively applied to development. The approach taken in the study was, first, to discuss the problem in a general way by analyzing and evaluating planning for development as it is currently practised in a number of developing countries. The conclusions drawn from this analysis are that (1) planning for development as currently practised tends to emphasize the economic aspects of the development process, and ignores the social and, in particular, the physical aspects of development; and (2) while the planning function is rightly placed at the centre of the governmental structure, there is the tendency to concentrate only on the national level of development ignoring the implications of national policy on regions and local areas, and failing to give adequate recognition to the aspirations and requirements of these lower levels in development plans. It is further concluded that as a result of the above serious defects appear in development programmes: because of the lack of functional integration in the development process unexpected costs arise which may nullify the desired benefits; unplanned physical effects of development appear as the determinants of the ultimate success of the entire development effort; regional disparities in the settlement pattern and in the level of development are perpetuated; human, physical and financial resources are dissipated in costly and unnecessary remedial measures; and, the social benefits of development tend to be offset by the social costs. The shortcomings of current practice of planning for development and the resultant defects in the development effort, appear to be related to the conception of the nature of development that is generally accepted, that is, that development is largely a problem in economics and that all other elements will fall into place once the economic components are properly planned and rapid economic progress achieved. The revised conception of development as a complex series of interdependent changes in the society as a whole, leads almost naturally to the view that planning designed to promote development must be comprehensive. The brief outline and discussion of the important factors in the development of Trinidad and Tobago, focusing on the magnitude and the scope of the needs, provide the background for the consideration of the planning requirements in this territory. It is concluded from this discussion that Trinidad and Tobago needs a comprehensive planning organization which includes economic, social and physical elements to meet all the requirements of the anticipated development in the territory. The proposal for the planning organization is based on the general planning philosophy which emerges from the discussion of current practice in developing countries and from the appraisal of the comprehensive planning system in operation in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. The basic features of the proposed planning process and organization are as follows: (1) the planning process is divided into five stages -- policy, survey and analysis, design, control of development, and evaluation; (2) co-ordination of all functional elements is to be maintained throughout the process; and, (3) spatial integration is to be achieved by making the Central Planning Department responsible for planning at all levels -- territorial, regional and local. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

Several recently published studies have demonstrated that employing planning strategies oriented on improving the internal characteristics of transit service, including frequency, coverage, intermodal integration, and seamless connectivity between all important trip attractors, positively influences ridership and productivity of multimodal bus and light rail transit systems. However, the research has not assessed overall economic outcomes of implementing these strategies, including social benefits and capital costs. Another emerging body of scholarship pointed to transit service contracting and consolidated regional governance as another possible strategy for improving transit feasibility. Again, not all economic aspects of these decisions have been evaluated thus far, and the available assessments of contracting and transit governance models do not consider long-term effects of specific organizational decisions. This study intends to fill these research gaps by investigating the influence of several internal and external transit performance factors on the amount of net benefits generated by 13 U.S. bus and light rail transit systems, observed annually during the 2001 - 2011 period. The evaluation starts with an estimation of net benefits (agency revenues plus non-direct social benefits minus operating and capital costs). Next, a panel regression model is employed to examine the statistical relationship between specific performance factors and the average net benefits generated by the case systems. The results of this study indicate that higher frequency, higher service density, higher ratio of contracted service and the presence of strong regional transit governance positively influence net benefits. The role of network decentralization (volume of service headed outside of the central business district) appears to be insignificant. These results bring additional evidence indicating the positive outcomes of certain internal transit planning strategies, which corresponds with the findings offered by previous research studies. / A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Urban and Regional Planning in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. / Fall Semester, 2014. / September 9, 2014. / benefit-cost analysis, light rail, public transportation, regional governance, transportation economics, transportation planning / Includes bibliographical references. / Jeffrey R. Brown, Professor Directing Dissertation; Keith Ihlanfeldt, University Representative; Andrew Aurand, Committee Member; Michael Duncan, Committee Member; Gregory L. Thompson, Committee Member.

The exodus of residents and employment opportunities from central cities has greatly impacted the low income residents which have remained as suitable employment opportunities are locating further from their residence. This trend has negatively impacted the employment participation of these residents, worsening their economic situation. The implementation of light rail transit is considered to address this issue as it can connect this population to new labor markets and attract development along its corridor. This development has the potential to produce suitable employment opportunities for low income residents. Surprisingly, studies have found light rail investment to have negligible impacts on the employment participation of low income inner city residents. The researcher theorizes that these findings are due, in part, to the development outcomes achieved within light rail service areas. The aggressive development activity which is commonly observed within new transit areas has the potential to change the character of the surrounding environment. This change may come at the expense of low income residents as areas experience gentrification and lose suitable employment opportunities. This study explores the change in, and nature of, development which arises within light rail station areas in order to better comprehend the impact which resulting development outcomes have on opportunities suitable for low income residents. This is done by focusing on four cities which have implemented a light rail system between 2000 and 2010. The change in employment opportunities within station areas which can be attributed to the presence of light rail is estimated via a difference in difference model implemented within a negative binomial regression. Focus is placed on the change in employment opportunities suitable for low income residents. Next, the impact which light rail has on the odds of station areas gentrifying is explored via the generation of a gentrification index and application of a logistic regression. Lastly, cases which experienced diverging development outcomes were identified and further explored. Interviews and the review of relevant documents provided additional insight on the factors which contribute to the attainment of more equitable development outcomes. The results of this study indicate that development activity within light rail service areas has the potential to eliminate certain which are likely to employ low income residents. At the same time, some employment categories which employ low income residents were found to experience growth. Additionally, station areas in one case were found to face greater odds of gentrifying when compared to similar areas not serviced by rail transit. Results were not consistent across all cases as they deviated based on their respective location. The exploration of cases which experienced diverging outcomes provided insight on factors which may contribute to the attainment of specific development outcomes. / A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Urban and Regional Planning in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. / Summer Semester 2018. / June 20, 2018. / Development, Equity, Light Rail, Urban Planning / Includes bibliographical references. / Jeffrey R. Brown, Professor Directing Dissertation; Earle Klay, University Representative; Michael Duncan, Committee Member; April Jackson, Committee Member.