OWRT Project No. B-052-ARIZ / Agreement No. 14-34-0001-7136 / Project Dates: October 1976 - December 1977 / Includes authors' paper, "Foundational theories of solute transport in porous media: a critical review."

The current streamline formulation is limited to single-porosity systems and is then not suitable for application to naturally fractured reservoirs. Describing the fluid transport in naturally fractured reservoirs has been recognized as a main challenge for simulation engineers due to the complicated physics involved. In this work, we generalized the streamline-based simulation to describe the fluid transport in naturally fractured reservoirs. We implemented three types of transfer function: the conventional transfer function (CTF), the diffusion transfer function (DTF), and the empirical transfer function (ETF). We showed that these transfer functions can be implemented easily in the current single-porosity streamline codes. These transfer functions have been added as a source term to the transport equation that describes the saturation evolution along the streamlines. We solved this equation numerically for all types of transfer functions. The numerical solution of the continuity equation with DTF and ETF requires discretizing a convolution term. We derived an analytical solution to the saturation equation with ETF in terms of streamline TOF to validate the numerical solution. We obtain an excellent match between the numerical and the analytical solution. The final stage of our study was to validate our work by comparing our dual-porosity streamline simulator (DPSS) to the commercial dual-porosity simulator, ECLIPSE. The dual-porosity ECLIPSE uses the CTF to describe the interaction between the matrix-blocks and the fracture system. The dual-porosity streamline simulator with CTF showed an excellent match with the dual-porosity ECLIPSE. On the other hand, dual-porosity streamline simulation with DTF and ETF showed a lower recovery than the recovery obtained from the dual-porosity ECLIPSE and the DPSS with CTF. This difference in oil recovery is not due to our formulation, but is related to the theoretical basis on which CTF, DTF, and ETF were derived in the literature. It was beyond the scope of this study to investigate the relative accuracy of each transfer function. We demonstrate that the DPSS is computationally efficient and ideal for large-scale field application. Also, we showed that the DPSS minimizes numerical smearing and grid orientation effects compared to the dual-porosity ECLIPSE.

No description available.

No description available.

The relationships between moisture loss and oil uptake and their effects on porosity, pore size distribution and pore structure during deep-fat frying of chicken breast meat were investigated. Chicken meat samples were deep-fat fried in an industrial fryer. The frying oil temperatures were 170, 180 and 190°C and samples were fried for times ranging from 5 to 900 s.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe analizuojami cementinio akmens poringumo parametrai. Darbe siekiama palyginti cementinio akmens bandinių su skirtingais vandens ir cemento santykiais poringumo parametrus, gautus pagal skirtingas poringumo parametrų tyrimo metodikas. Apžvelgta literatūra lietuvių, anglų ir rusų kalbomis. Išanalizuotas cementinio akmens ilgalaikiškumo ir poringumo ryšys, įvairių parametrų įtaka cementinio akmens poringumui bei orą įtraukiančių priedų įtaka poringumui reguliuoti. Aprašytos cementinio akmens gamybai naudotos medžiagos: portlandcementis, vanduo ir superplastiklis. Darbe projektuojami trys skirtingi cementinio akmens mišiniai, kurie skiriasi vandens ir cemento santykiu. Pateiktos cementinio akmens mišinių sudėtys. Aprašytos tyrimų metodikos, pagal kurias nustatyti cementinio akmens poringumo parametrai. Atlikti sukietėjusio cementinio akmens tyrimai bei jų palyginimas. Tyrimų duomenys apdoroti kompiuterinėmis programomis „Microsoft Excel“ ir „UTHSCSA ImageTool“, išanalizuoti gauti rezultatai bei pateiktos išvados. Darbą sudaro 5 dalys: įvadas, literatūros analizė, medžiagos ir tyrimai, išvados, literatūros sąrašas. Darbo apimtis – 74 p. teksto, 30 iliustr., 20 lent., 40 bibliografiniai šaltiniai. / The master thesis analyzes hardened cement paste porosity parameters. The aim of work is to campare methods for determination of porosity parameters of hardened cement paste samples with different w/c ratios. Reviewed the literature in Lithuanian, English and Russian languages. Was analyzed the bond beatween durability and porosity, influence of various parameters to hardened cement pastes porosity and influence of air-entraining admixtures to control porosity. Was analyzed the concrete making materials: cement, water and superplasticizer. The work is designed three different cement stone mixtures with different w/c ratios. Presented cement stone compositions of mixtures and set their properties. Described research methodology, by which established hardened cement paste porosity parameters. With solidified cement stone made researches. The research data treated by computer programs Microsoft Excel and UTHSCSA ImageTool, done an analysis of the results and made conclusions. Structure: introduction, literature review, materials and research, conclusions, references. Thesis consist of: 74 p. text without appendixes, 30 pictures, 20 tables, 40 bibliographical entries.

The use of vacuum coating is mostly limited to production of high fat containing extruded aqua and pet diets. The physical characteristics of extrudates are favourable for vacuum coating due to their high porosity and durability. However, with pelleted feed for broilers, there are potentially several opportunities, but there are also challenges; these are explored here. The opportunities identified were inclusion of high level of oils, protected delivery of feed additives (e.g., enzymes, probiotics, vaccines, etc.), improved and safe use of offensive feed additives and improvement of shelf-life of feed and additives. Challenges include the relatively high density of pellets (low porosity) which limits liquid infusion, increased processing cost and decreased feed throughput. However, feed ingredients selection and alternating processing variables (temperature, moisture, die specifications etc.) were deemed to overcome the challenges of low porosity. Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of vacuum coating in pelleted feed. In the first experiment, the effect of particle size on post-pellet oil absorption (OA), porosity, pellet durability index (PDI) and bulk density were investigated. The three particle sizes for three grains (wheat, barley and corn) were pelleted using a 4.7 mm die to get whole grain (WP), coarse (CP), and fine (FP) grind pellets. The pellets were coated with 15% canola oil without (VC-) and with (VC+; 0.3 bar) vacuum coating. The grain type was found to have a significant effect on the particle size when ground through either fine (3.2 mm) or coarse (6.4 mm) screen. With coarse grinding, the mean particle size was 1896, 1290 and 1057 µm, respectively for barley, wheat and corn; with fine grinding, the mean particle size was 1153, 767 and 732 µm, respectively. Porosity of CP from wheat and corn was significantly (P<0.01) higher than WP and FP. For barley, there was no difference in porosity of CP and FP but both were significantly higher than WP. For wheat, OA of CP was highest (P<0.01), but no significant difference was found between FP and WP. However, for barley, higher OA was found in FP followed by CP and WP. In corn, OA of CP was higher than for FP or WP. Vacuum coating (VC+) improved (P<0.01) OA of all pellets compared to VC-. Porosity was positively correlated with OA and negatively correlated to PDI and bulk density. Overall, the first experiment suggested that alteration of particle size and grain type could be the options for improving the oil absorption by vacuum coating. A second experiment was conducted to observe the effect of enzyme addition method (EAM; E-, without enzyme; PreE+, Pre-pellet addition of enzyme; PosE+, post-pellet addition of enzyme), conditioning temperature (CT; 65 or 95°C) and coating method (CM; VC- or VC+) on broiler performance when fed wheat-rye-based diets. Enzyme addition (pre or post-pellet addition in comparison to without enzyme) significantly improved (P<0.01) the body weight at 21 and 35d. Higher CT (95°C) improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) in both starter (P<0.01) and grow/finish phase (P=0.04) and PDI of both starter and grow/finish pellets (P<0.01) when compared to low CT (65°C). Vacuum coating did not have any effect on the diet extract viscosity, animal performance or digesta viscosity in either of the phases. However, with post-pellet vacuum coating, there was high retention of xylanase activity after processing. Vacuum coating significantly (P<0.05) reduced the relative length of small intestine of broilers at 21d but not at 35d. In the third experiment, broiler grow/finish diets were stored in an incubator (37°C) to see if vacuum coating can improve the shelf-life of feed. The results showed post-pellet vacuum-coated pellets retained higher enzyme activity after 15 days of storage. Although no effect of vacuum coating on animal performance was observed, vacuum coating was able to protect the enzyme during processing and storage. Further work needs to be done to translate these benefits to improve animal performance, which might be achieved using various vacuum coating and processing conditions, and bioactives.

This thesis tests the theories of Porosity which are part of my ongoing investigation into the revision and extension of public space in the city. Porosity Research seeks to classify spaces which exist deep within the skin or fabric of privately owned city buildings. The primary vehicle for this interrogation is the use of public art in the form of a set of games called Porosity Games ??? Snakes and Ladders, Hide and Seek and Jenga. These games are played out or performed within the territory of my Australian Research Foundation Discovery Grant outcomes. Their aim is to prove the validity of the research and to provoke interrogation of that research. The marginality of public art makes it ideally suited to the task of commenting on or contradicting the main body of the text of public space in the city. This contradiction is central to the work of this thesis. One of the vital needs or reasons for this work lies in finding ways of preventing cities from being shut down as a result of rampant capitalism in the ???Age of Terror???. Porosity as a strategy attacks this trend. It seeks the dissolution of architecture through a type of mapping which dissolves existing boundaries associated with rights of access. Capitalism needs to be continually measured by mapping or defining what is public against what is private. It can be argued that the social construction of a city is as important as its physical manifestation as buildings. It can also then be argued that a city which allows public space to penetrate its private space enables a healthier social construction. Fundamental to this thesis is the idea that the survival of the Western city depends on an increased density of public space and multiple ground planes as opposed to one. This creates three dimensional public access and alleviates congestion at the level of the street both for cars and for pedestrians. The Porosity Games are a first step in the transformation of the city through their successful reinvention of internal circulation spaces as game space. Game 1: Snakes and Ladders and Game 2: Hide and Seek both operate without interruption by the propriety of the buildings. Game 3: Jenga then intentionally heightened the risk of capture and eviction of the players for transgression within the climate of fear. Both the framework of surveillance and the intention to claim private space for public use, make the performances and the Porosity Research a useful progression in the project of transformation and the city as a plastic medium for the artist to interrogate.

Thesis (Ph.D.). / Written for the Dept. of Bioresource Engineering, Macdonald College of McGill University. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2008/08/04). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2005. / Includes bibliography.