Thesis (DPhil(Prakt. Teol.)--Universiteit van Pretoria, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--Emmanuel School of Religion, 2004. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [42]-43).

Thesis (Th. M.)--Western Conservative Baptist Seminary, 1987. / Bibliography: leaves 102-110.

Background Nursing presence is an intersubjective connection between the nurse and patient that results in improved patient outcomes. Present day task-oriented healthcare robots possess an evolving capacity to address task-based attributes of nursing care but are far less capable of addressing attributes of nursing presence. The purpose of this study was to explore adults' perception of nurse-expressed empathy, an attribute of nursing presence, as enacted by a semi-autonomous robot nurse compared to a human nurse following a discussion of the adults' health concerns or issues. Methods The design for this study employed a non-inferiority randomized comparison of two groups. The overall hypothesis was that adults' perception of nurse-expressed empathy during human-robot interactions was not inferior to the perception of nurse-expressed empathy during human-human interactions. From a broad geographic community 102 adults, age 21 to 80, were recruited and assigned to an active control or reference treatment group using stratified and blocked randomization. In each group, participants discussed the impact of health issues or concerns on their daily life. Participants in the reference treatment group interacted with a semi-autonomous robot. Participants in the control group interacted with the researcher face-to-face. Participants' perception of nurse-expressed empathy was measured using the Empathic Understanding Scale of the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory. A confidence interval approach using 95%-95% method was used to assess non-inferiority. The first confidence interval was obtained from analysis of seven historical studies that measured empathy using the Empathic Understanding Scale. The second confidence interval was obtained from analyses of the difference in mean perceived empathy between the two study groups. Results Three normalized statistical methods used to evaluate non-inferiority were significant (p<.025) and contained confidence intervals less than the non-inferiority margin (δ= 3.33). This resulted in the rejection of the null hypothesis that empathy communicated by a robot was inferior to empathy communicated by a human nurse. Conclusions This study provided evidence that nurses operating semi-autonomous robots can communicate empathy to adults. Innovation and collaboration among nurses, computer scientists and engineers will ensure that successive generations of robots maintain a nursing perspective while operating at their optimal capacity.

Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit traitent de la détection de présence humaine à l'aide d'un ou plusieurs capteurs. Ces travaux ont été menés au sein de l'Institut PRISME dans le cadre du projet CAPTHOM du pôle de compétitivité S2E2. Nous proposons une réflexion sur les phénomènes physiques en jeu pour la détection de présence humaine et un état de l'art des différents systèmes utilisés pour la détection de présence humaine aujourd'hui. La solution commerciale la plus prisée aujourd'hui est l'utilisation des détecteurs de mouvements basés sur la détection de la chaleur du corps humain, c'est-à-dire, la détection des émissions infrarouges. Le besoin de l'information de présence se fait ressentir dans de nombreux projets qui ont pour but de gérer les ressources énergétiques domestiques et/ou qui ont une vocation pour le maintien à domicile. Après une évaluation de plusieurs capteurs de différentes technologies à l'aide de scénarios basiques, notre intérêt s'est porté sur les capteurs de type thermopile. Ces capteurs ont fait l'objet d'une série de tests pour aboutir à la proposition d'un modèle de la réponse des capteurs. En parallèle, nous abordons la problématique de la localisation d'une personne dans une pièce. Deux méthodes sont proposées et ont pour point commun l'utilisation d'un réseau de capteurs. La première méthode utilise les chaînes de Markov cachées et permet de trouver le chemin parcouru par la personne et ouvre des perspectives sur le diagnostic des erreurs de détections des capteurs. La deuxième méthode permet d'obtenir les coordonnées dans l'espace d'une cible à l'aide d'une optimisation par Levenberg-Marquardt des coordonnées à l'aide des réponses des capteurs de type thermopile et de leur modèle. Au final, nous nous sommes intéressés au cadre du maintien à domicile. Nous avons à notre disposition un appartement pilote qui a la particularité d'être entièrement domotisé. Une personne âgée a pu tester cet habitat durant plusieurs semaines. Les résultats obtenus nous confortent pour l'utilisation des capteurs étudiés et des méthodes de localisation développées. / The work presented in this manuscript deals with human detection by using one or more sensors. This work was done in the Institut PRISME within the framework of the CAPTHOM project of the pole of competitiveness S2E2. We propose a reflection on the physical phenomena involved in the detection of human presence and state of the art of the various systems used to detect human presence today. The commercial solution is the most popular today is the sensors based on the detection of heat from the human body (the detection of infrared emissions). The information of presence is needed in many projects that aim to manage domestic energy resources and / or have a vocation for eldercare. After an evaluation of several sensors of different technologies using basic scenarios, this work focused on sensors type thermopile. These sensors have tested and we propose a model of the sensor response. In parallel, we address the problem of locating a person in a room. Two methods are proposed and have in common the use of a sensor network. The first method uses hidden Markov Models to find the path traveled by the person and gives new perspectives on the diagnosis of errors detection sensors. The second method provides the coordinates of a target using Levenberg-Marquardt optimization of coordinate with responses of thermopile sensors and their model. Finally, we are interested in eldcare. We can use a test home who has the distinction of being fully automated. An elderly person tested this habitat for several weeks. The results obtained confirm the use of sensors studied and developed methods of localization.

Este trabalho investiga como se articulam, no discurso da atuação teatral, as ideias de presença e do verdadeiro e como o ator se forja a partir da emergência desses objetos de pensamento. Procura aproximar a voz de dois diretores pedagogos em atividade, Peter Brook e Ariane Mnouchkine, aos conceitos de verdade e presença de filósofos como Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, Michel Foucault, Hannah Arendt, Friederich Nietzsche, entre outros. Ao inscrever-se na categoria dos Estudos da Presença, a metodologia possui um caráter autorreferencial. Parte-se de quatro relatos de experiência da autora para abordar aquilo que se diz da prática na prática e de que forma os dizeres da filosofia auxiliam na compreensão desses discursos. Pretende-se fazer perceber que as ideias de presença e verdade confundem-se como modos de dizer dos atores para se referir a algo não possível de ser dito. / This thesis investigates how the ideas of presence and of truth are articulated in the discourse of theatrical performance, and how actors shape themselves upon the emergence of these objects of thought. It seeks to approximate the voice of two pedagogue directors in activity, Peter Brook and Ariane Mnouchkine, to the concepts of truth and presence in philosophers such as Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, Michel Foucault, Hannah Arendt and Friedrich Nietzsche, among others. Inscribing itself in the category of Studies of Presence, the methodology possesses a self-referential nature. It departs from four accounts of the author's own experience to approach that which is said of practice in practice, and how statements of philosophy help the understanding of these discourses. It aims to make perceptible that the ideas of presence and truth are confounded as manners of speaking of the actors to refer to something which is not possible to be said.

Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / (M.Th Practical Theology))

Este trabalho investiga como se articulam, no discurso da atuação teatral, as ideias de presença e do verdadeiro e como o ator se forja a partir da emergência desses objetos de pensamento. Procura aproximar a voz de dois diretores pedagogos em atividade, Peter Brook e Ariane Mnouchkine, aos conceitos de verdade e presença de filósofos como Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, Michel Foucault, Hannah Arendt, Friederich Nietzsche, entre outros. Ao inscrever-se na categoria dos Estudos da Presença, a metodologia possui um caráter autorreferencial. Parte-se de quatro relatos de experiência da autora para abordar aquilo que se diz da prática na prática e de que forma os dizeres da filosofia auxiliam na compreensão desses discursos. Pretende-se fazer perceber que as ideias de presença e verdade confundem-se como modos de dizer dos atores para se referir a algo não possível de ser dito. / This thesis investigates how the ideas of presence and of truth are articulated in the discourse of theatrical performance, and how actors shape themselves upon the emergence of these objects of thought. It seeks to approximate the voice of two pedagogue directors in activity, Peter Brook and Ariane Mnouchkine, to the concepts of truth and presence in philosophers such as Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, Michel Foucault, Hannah Arendt and Friedrich Nietzsche, among others. Inscribing itself in the category of Studies of Presence, the methodology possesses a self-referential nature. It departs from four accounts of the author's own experience to approach that which is said of practice in practice, and how statements of philosophy help the understanding of these discourses. It aims to make perceptible that the ideas of presence and truth are confounded as manners of speaking of the actors to refer to something which is not possible to be said.

Este trabalho investiga como se articulam, no discurso da atuação teatral, as ideias de presença e do verdadeiro e como o ator se forja a partir da emergência desses objetos de pensamento. Procura aproximar a voz de dois diretores pedagogos em atividade, Peter Brook e Ariane Mnouchkine, aos conceitos de verdade e presença de filósofos como Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, Michel Foucault, Hannah Arendt, Friederich Nietzsche, entre outros. Ao inscrever-se na categoria dos Estudos da Presença, a metodologia possui um caráter autorreferencial. Parte-se de quatro relatos de experiência da autora para abordar aquilo que se diz da prática na prática e de que forma os dizeres da filosofia auxiliam na compreensão desses discursos. Pretende-se fazer perceber que as ideias de presença e verdade confundem-se como modos de dizer dos atores para se referir a algo não possível de ser dito. / This thesis investigates how the ideas of presence and of truth are articulated in the discourse of theatrical performance, and how actors shape themselves upon the emergence of these objects of thought. It seeks to approximate the voice of two pedagogue directors in activity, Peter Brook and Ariane Mnouchkine, to the concepts of truth and presence in philosophers such as Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, Michel Foucault, Hannah Arendt and Friedrich Nietzsche, among others. Inscribing itself in the category of Studies of Presence, the methodology possesses a self-referential nature. It departs from four accounts of the author's own experience to approach that which is said of practice in practice, and how statements of philosophy help the understanding of these discourses. It aims to make perceptible that the ideas of presence and truth are confounded as manners of speaking of the actors to refer to something which is not possible to be said.

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