by Tam Tak-wai. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 35-37). / APPROVAL --- p.ii / ABSTRACT --- p.iii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iv / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.v / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- CHAOS THEORY - AN OVERVIEW --- p.6 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS OF CHAOS THEORY --- p.14 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- EMPIRICAL RESULTS --- p.21 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- CONCLUSION --- p.33 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.35 / APPENDIX A - GRAPHICAL RESULTS --- p.38 / APPENDIX B - ESTIMATED LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS --- p.45 / APPENDIX C - SHUFFLED TESTS RESULTS --- p.47 / APPENDIX D - DAILY HANG SENG INDEX --- p.50

by Ng Tak-ming. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 28-29). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.iv / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.v / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- SAMPLE DESCRIPTION --- p.8 / Chapter III. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.10 / Chapter IV. --- RESULTS --- p.12 / Chapter V. --- IMPLICATIONS --- p.19 / Chapter VI. --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.21 / REFERENCES --- p.28

Summary in Chinese. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong. / Bibliography: leaves 246-249.

Lu, Chenxi. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-60). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Methodology --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1: --- Modified Rescaled Range Statistic R/S --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2: --- Fractionally Integrated GARCH (FIGARCH) Model --- p.7 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Long memory in gold returns and volatility --- p.9 / Chapter 3.1: --- Data --- p.9 / Chapter 3.2: --- Empirical results of the modified R/S statistic and FIGARCH model --- p.11 / Chapter 3.3 --- Self-similarity of long memory in the gold market --- p.15 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Structural break of long memory in the gold market --- p.18 / Chapter 4.1: --- Structural break in long memory feature --- p.18 / Chapter 4.2: --- Forward rolling and backward rolling methodology and empirical evidence --- p.20 / Chapter 4.3: --- Evidence for the structural break using the FIGARCH model --- p.31 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- Long memory in the international diamond market --- p.40 / Chapter 5.1: --- International diamond cartel --- p.40 / Chapter 5.2: --- Data --- p.43 / Chapter 5.3: --- Empirical results --- p.45 / Chapter Chapter 6: --- Conclusions --- p.51 / Reference --- p.53 / Appendix 1 --- p.61

Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

In Japan, the turning point for its housing and stock prices at the beginning of the 1990s coincided with the turning point for its middle-aged-to-younger population ratio. In the United States, the financial crisis in 2007 also coincided with the turning point for the same ratio. Were these mere coincidences or was there a causal relationship between the middle-aged-to-younger population ratios and asset prices? In this study, the author proposed two models, namely the income and investment channels, and six hypotheses. The empirical evidence from 18 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries from 1970 to 2010 showed that the middle-aged-to-younger population ratio influenced stock prices through both the income and investment channels and the housing prices mainly through the income channel. The income model suggested that the growth in the middle-aged-to-younger population ratio increased the average national income and, hence, asset prices. The investment model allowed individuals to take advantage of this trend in asset appreciation by saving and investing. As a result, asset prices went up. These discoveries might help us understand the causal relationship between the middle-aged-to-younger population ratio and asset prices and, in the long run, the co-movement of stock and housing prices. / published_or_final_version / Real Estate and Construction / Master / Master of Philosophy

This thesis presents an analysis of the pricing behaviour of firms in Canadian retail gasoline markets. The time series of retail prices for certain Canadian cities can be categorized as exhibiting one of two distinct patterns. In many cities, retail prices remain unchanged for many weeks at a time, despite frequent changes to the wholesale gasoline price. In other cities, retail prices cycle, increasing sharply, and declining more slowly. This thesis addresses questions arising from the observation of these patterns. The first essay considers a theoretical model of price setting behavior, and asks whether the number of stations operated by each firm in a market can determine whether constant prices or price cycles are observed. Constant prices are found to exist only when firms are of similar size. On the other hand, cycle equilibria can be constructed when the firms are of similar size, but also when their sizes differ greatly. Evidence of a negative relationship between price stability and the presence of small firms is also found through an examination of a panel data set of retail prices for a number of Canadian cities. The second essay examines the response of retail prices to wholesale price movements in the presence of a retail price cycle. A simple model based on the predictions of the theory is constructed, and estimated using data for the city of Windsor, Ontario. I find that a new cycle is initiated by a price increase whenever the distance between the previous retail price and the current wholesale price becomes sufficiently small. In addition, retail prices are found to be more responsive to wholesale prices over the increasing portion of the cycle. Finally, when the asymmetric error correction model of Borenstein, Cameron, and Gilbert (1997) is estimated, a more rapid response to wholesale price increases than to decreases is indicated. This asymmetry is shown to be consistent with my structural model, which thus provides an additional potential explanation for the regularities found in previous studies.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Northwestern University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 116-120).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1968. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Background: Worldwide, prices for cancer drugs have been under downward pressure where several governments have mandated price cuts of branded and generic products. A better alternative to mandated price cuts would be the estimation of a launch price based on drug performance, cost effectiveness and a country’s ability to pay. In this study, the development of a global pricing index for new drugs that encompasses all of these attributes in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is described. Methods: A pharmacoeconomic model was developed to simulate clinical outcomes in mCRC patients receiving chemotherapy with the addition of a “new drug” that improves survival by 1.4, 3 and 6 months. Cost and health state utility data were obtained from cancer centers and oncology nurses (total n=112) in Canada (n=24), Spain (n=24), India (n=24), South Africa (n=16) and Malaysia (n=24). A price per dose was estimated for each survival increment using a target value threshold of three times the per capita gross domestic product (GDP) for each country, as recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Multivariable analysis was then used to develop the pricing index, which considers survival benefit, per capita GDP and income dispersion as measured by the Gini coefficient as predictor variables. Results: Higher survival benefits were associated with elevated drug prices, especially in wealthier countries such as Canada and Spain. For a nation like Argentina with a per capita GDP of $15,000 and a Gini coefficient of 51, it is estimated that for a drug which provides a 4 month survival benefit in mCRC, the value based price would be $US 630 per dose. In contrast, the same drug in a wealthier country like Norway could command a price of $US 2,775 and still be considered cost effective according to the WHO criteria. Conclusions: A global pricing index was presented that can be used to estimate a value based price in different countries for new drugs in mCRC. The application of this index to estimate a price based on cost effectiveness would be a good starting point for opening dialogue between the key stakeholders and a better alternative to governments’ mandated price cuts.