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Ochrana dětí v mezinárodním uprchlickém právu / Compensation of victims in the context of peace operations of international organizationsBártová, Tereza January 2017 (has links)
This thesis deals with the protection of children in international refugee law. The status of a person seeking international protection under international law is primarily regulated by the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. However, this Convention does not expressly address the specific situation of the child asylum seeker. By adopting a binding Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), the broad catalogue of basic civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of children has been confirmed. It includes the right of a child seeking international protection to obtain the necessary protection and humanitarian assistance when the child wants to exercise its rights under the CRC or other conventions of international law of human rights. CRC includes, inter alia, four fundamental principles, the elimination of discrimination, the right to life, survival and development, respect for the child's position and the principle of the best interests of the child. The goal of this thesis is to determine whether and how the position of the child seeking international protection under the international refugee law has been influenced by the CRC and by the principle of the best interests of the child. The thesis is divided into four chapters, the first two chapters deal with the historical...
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[en] INTERFAMILIAR CUSTODY CONFLICTS AND THE BEST INTEREST OF THE CHILD: A POSSIBLE ASSOCIATION / [pt] CONFLITOS INTERFAMILIARES DE GUARDA E O PRINCÍPIO DO MELHOR INTERESSE: UMA ASSOCIAÇÃO POSSÍVELMONICA LUIZA DE MEDEIROS KRETER 28 February 2008 (has links)
[pt] A presente dissertação traz uma reflexão sobre a aplicação
do princípio do
melhor interesse nos conflitos interfamiliares de guarda,
buscando a sua origem e
levantando alguns critérios que possam nortear a sua
utilização, uma vez que não
há um conceito expresso na legislação. Nosso objetivo foi
verificar se o princípio
acima mencionado estava ou não sendo considerado nas
decisões judiciais
oriundas das disputas de guarda entre os genitores, após o
divórcio ou a separação.
Para efetivá-lo, desenvolvemos um estudo qualitativo de
tipo exploratório junto
ao Núcleo de Prática Jurídica da PUC/RJ, procedendo à
análise de catorze
processos de guarda identificados no período de 1997 a
junho de 2007. A leitura e
análise dos processos evidenciaram que o princípio do
melhor interesse ainda não
é totalmente considerado pelos operadores do Direito. Nos
processos em que há
atuação da equipe técnica (assistentes sociais e
psicólogos) pode-se perceber uma
conduta que explicitamente coloca a criança/adolescente
como personagem
principal do processo (prioridade absoluta), ouvindo-os
sempre (proteção integral)
e averiguando de que forma seriam melhor atendidos (melhor
interesse). A
conduta de juízes e promotores, por outro lado, não se
afigurou, nos processos
analisados, como algo que demonstrasse a preocupação com a
aplicação do
princípio do melhor interesse, mas ao contrário a ênfase
era no encerramento dos
mesmos a partir de um acordo elaborado apenas com os
genitores,
desconsiderando as peculiaridades do litígio e em especial
o bem estar das
crianças e adolescentes envolvidos. / [en] The present dissertation brings a reflection on the
application of the
principle of the best interest of the child in the
interfamiliar conflicts of custody,
searching its origin and raising some criteria that can
guide its use, once there is
not an express concept in the legislation. Our main goal
was to verify if the
referred principle was being considered or not in the
decisions of the disputes of
guard between the genitors, after the divorce or the
separation. In order to
accomplish it, we developed a qualitative and exploratory
study at the Núcleo de
Prática Júridica of the PUC/RJ, in which fourteen
proceedings of custody in the
period of 1997 until June of 2007 were analyzed. The
analysis of these
proceedings showed that the principle of the best interest
of the child is not yet
taken into consideration by some of the Law workers. The
proceedings in which
the social workers and psychologists participated we
noticed that the
adolescent/child were seen as the main characters
(absolute priority) so they
always got the chance to express their opinions (full
protection) and therefore
offered the means to point out the most suitable way to
solve the cases (best
interest). On the other hand, the judges and prosecutors
of the analyzed
proceedings did not seem to be concerned about the
principle of the best interest
of the child, their greatest concern was to put an end to
the lawsuits making a deal
with the parents, disregarding the details of the
conflicts and the well being of the
children and adolescents involved.
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