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Ecological degradation and population demands: wicked problems and the rule of rules in Canada/AmericaLarge, Michael 04 September 2013 (has links)
Rooted in legal theory and environmental studies, this thesis aims to (re)define the
‘population problem’ and related regulatory resolutions in constructive and clear terms,
within a broad concept of 'law’. Green legal theory, wicked problem theory, and legal
pluralism viewed from a wide-angle, first-person perspective, are applied together. To
control birth rates and consumption demands in Canada/America, state-made laws are not
central. We are ruled by rules: Certain law-like non-state rules aim to prod procreation
and consumption ever-upward. Materially speaking, Can-American population numbers
and consumption/waste form one inseparable factor relevant to global ecological
degradation, and ‘legally’ speaking, specific religious doctrine amounts to 'population-UP
control' and specific economic dogma 'consumption-UP control'. Together, these
material and ‘legal’ factors form a wicked problem called ‘population demands.’ This
problem formulation points away from state-made resolutions. Instead, the author
recommends deconstructing degrading rules from the bottom-up and, in relation to
consumption-UP control, reforming social norms. / Graduate / 0398 / 0768 / 0938
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[en] TOPOS-BASED MODEL THEORY FOR HEURISTICS / [pt] TEORIA DE MODELOS PARA HEURÍSTICAS BASEADA EM TOPOIFERNANDO NAUFEL DO AMARAL 06 August 2004 (has links)
[pt] Este trabalho emprega conceitos e ferramentas de Teoria das
Categorias e Teoria de Topoi para construir um modelo
matemático de problemas, reduções entre problemas, espaços
e estratégias de busca heurística. Mais precisamente, uma
estratégia de construção de espaços de busca é representada
por um funtor de uma certa categoria de problemas para uma
certa categoria de florestas. A coleção de todos estes
funtores forma um topos, um modelo específico equipado com
uma lógica interna própria. Esta lógica interna é usada,
então, para definir estratégias de busca e heurísticas em
Teoria Local dos Conjuntos. Possíveis aplicações do
trabalho incluem (1) a especificação lógica e a
classificação de heurísticas e meta-heurísticas usadas na
prática e (2) uma versão mais abstrata e geral de
resultados específicos relacionando a estrutura de
problemas com métodos de resolução adequados. / [en] This work employs concepts and tools from Category Theory
and Topos Theory to construct a mathematical model for
problems, reductions between problems, heuristic search
spaces and strategies. More precisely, a search space
construction strategy is represented by a functor from a
certain category of problems to a certain category of
forests. The collection of all such functors forms a topos,
a specific model equipped with its own internal logic. This
internal logic is then used to define search satrategies
and heuristics in Local Set Theory. Possible applications
of this work include (1) the logical specification and
classification of heuristics and metaheuristics used in
pratice and (2) a more abstract and general rendering of
specific results relating the structure of problems to
adequate problem-solving methods.
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Caractérisation, modélisation et identification de sources de champ magnétique dans un véhicule électrique / Characterization, Modeling and Identification of magnetic field sources inside an electric vehiclePinaud, Olivier 13 November 2014 (has links)
Le véhicule électrique rassemble beaucoup d'équipements électrotechniques. Tous sont potentiellement source de champ magnétique dans l'habitacle : zone confinée où se trouvent les passagers. Il est illusoire de réaliser un modèle numérique complet tant le nombre de paramètres est important. Il est également impossible de placer des capteurs de champ partout à l'intérieur de l'habitacle. Après une étude approfondie des caractéristiques du champ magnétique mesuré dans l'habitacle, nous proposons d'allier modèle a priori et mesure de champ dans une approche Bayésienne du problème inverse. Basée sur le développement en harmonique sphérique du champ, l'apport d'information a priori oriente la solution et permet l'identification de nombreux paramètres avec très peu de mesure. / Electric vehicles have a lot of electrical devices onboard. All of them may generate electromagnetic field inside the car: a quite small space containing the passengers. A complete modeling of the vehicle can hardly be done because of the parameters number. The magnetic field measurement everywhere inside the car is also impossible. We first measure the magnetic field inside the car to study its characteristics. Then we propose to merge together a priori modeling with measurements into a Bayesian approach of the inverse problem. Based on spherical harmonic decomposition of the magnetic field, a priori information helps the resolution and gives the identified parameters with a very few measurements.
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