The master thesis deals with smart metering implementation project proposal for the selected location in the gas industry. Methodology of project management is used for creating of the IPMA.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-06-02T15:13:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Domingos Marcio Rodrigues Napolitano.pdf: 3017064 bytes, checksum: 4fde25d7639251b1afe36bffbc2db6c6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T15:13:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Domingos Marcio Rodrigues Napolitano.pdf: 3017064 bytes, checksum: 4fde25d7639251b1afe36bffbc2db6c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-20 / The decisions are central space within organizations and become more complex under conditions of uncertainty. This implies that to meet the demand for the success and quality of decisions should establish a decision-making process that will have as core elements of these decisions the scenarios, the alternatives and their impacts . On the other hand the theory and practice of project management seeks to manage risks through tools and techiniques that enable project managers perform choices on the actions that enable to achieve project objectives. In this sense, there are many studies that suggest the influence of risk management practices in successful projects. Risk management consists of planning, identification, analysis, planning responses and monitoring and control. The importance of the identication process is dependent on the subsequent phases of all their results and the decisions made about them. So when identifying risks decisions that enable their treatment aiming the project's success will be needed. In this context, the present work studied the influence of risk identification in the decisions about the risks in projects. The study was based on a literature review of risk management in projects and the characteristics of decision-making in risky situations , which made it possible to operationalize a construct and respctivas study hypotheses . Thus, it was defined a research tool outlined by a survey type lift, for which valid responses were obtained 35. Results were analyzed using statistical techniques, confirmed that two of the three hypotheses. The main findings were that, at least for the sample studied, the practices of the risk identification process project risk influence decisions on projects, which may be based on basic elements of decision theory. In this sense it was also found that these same practices positively influence the effectiveness of decisions at least in the way they are perceived by the respondents of the questionnaire. The data analysis it was observed that there is a tendency to frequent use of elements of project planning and timelines and cost estimates, but the same was not observed in the use of specific tools and techniques of risk management. With respect to decisions we observed that there is a tendency to consider the cost impacts more frequently than the impacts in time, scope or quality. Are recommended further work on the issue of the relationship between risk management practices and decisions of project managers in the bibliography since there have been few studies on the subject. / As decisões ocupam um espaço central nas organizações e tornam-se mais complexas em condições de incerteza. Isto que implica que para atender a demanda pelo sucesso e qualidade das decisões deve-se estabelecer um processo decisório que terá como elementos centrais os cenários destas decisões, as alternativas e seus impactos. Por outro lado a teoria e prática de gerenciamento de projetos busca gerenciar riscos por meio de ferramentas que permitam aos gerentes de projetos realizarem escolhas sobre as ações que possibilitem atingir os objetivos dos projetos. Neste sentido, existem diversos estudos, que evidenciam a influência das práticas de gestão de riscos no sucesso dos projetos. A gestão de riscos é composta por processos de planejamento, identificação, análise, planejamento das respostas e monitoramento e controle. A importância do processo de identicação reside na dependência das fases subsequentes de todos os seus resultados, bem como das decisões tomadas sobre os mesmos. Assim ao identificar os riscos serão necessárias decisões que viabilizem seu tratamento objetivando o sucesso do projeto. Neste contexto o presente trabalho estudou a influência do processo de identificaçãode riscos nas decisões sobre os riscos em projetos. O estudo foi baseado numa revisão bibliográfica sobre a gestão de riscos em projetos e sobre as características da tomada de decisão em situações de risco, que possibilitou operacionalizar um constructo e as respctivas hipóteses do estudo. Deste modo, foi definido um instrumento de pesquisa, delineado por meio de um levantamento tipo survey, para o qual se obtiveram 35 respostas válidas. Os resultados forma analisados por meio de técnicas estatísticas, que confirmaram duas das três hipóteses formuladas. As principais conclusões foram que, ao menos para a amostra pesquisada, as práticas do processo de identificação de riscos em projetos influênciam nas decisões de riscos em projetos, que podem ser baseadas em elementos básicos da teoria da decisão. Neste sentido também se verificou que essas mesmas práticas influênciam de modo positivo a eficácia das decisões ao menos na forma como são percebidas pelos respondentes do questionário. Da análise dos dados obtidos observou-se que há uma tendência de uso frequente de elementos do planejamento do projeto como cronogramas e estimativas de custo, mas o mesmo não foi observado no uso de ferramentas e técnicas específicas da gestão de riscos. Com relação às decisões tomadas observou-se que há uma tendência de considerar os impactos nos custos com maior frequência do que em prazo, escopo ou qualidade. Recomendam-se futuros trabalhos sobre o tema das relações entre as práticas de gestão de riscos e as decisões dos gerentes de projetos já que na bibliográfia consultada verificaram-se poucos estudos sobre o assunto.

The diploma thesis focuses on the concept of a project management plan in the municipality Sobůlky. It summarizes the theoretical knowledge according to the IPMA standard and applies them in the proposal section. It contains a questionnaire survey conducted in the municipality and a subsequent comparison of the findings with the proposal of the family folklore afternoon plan.

Although projects and project management has grown to be increasingly influential in all aspects of business operations, project success and efficiency is often harder to measure and arguably harder to execute. Many projects may often change the course of intent, exceed the initial budget, or even finish later than expected. This causes a great debate on the different ways to efficiently manage projects and what actually works best in practise. According to different scholars, some sides mention that traditional methods where planning is completed at the very beginning is the most efficient way to manage projects, while others mention the use of adaptive methods where planning is not ‘set in stone’.  Project management as an academic field is relatively well explored, however as the COVID-19 continues to set restrictions to stop the spread of the virus, academic research to increase the empirical data on project management during the pandemic is needed. This study aims to contribute to this academic field to understand the reasoning behind project management adaptations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, this study will aim to gain understanding to the why’s and how’s of common themes regarding how projects have adapted. The industries this study will focus on will be the Swedish game-development industry and the Swedish heavy industry.  Based on a literature search and review on project management evaluations methods, leadership styles, risk and crisis management, and project management methodologies, semi-structured interviews took place with CEO’s, project managers, and other senior managers in decision making positions, representing a total of six firms with three from each industry. The respondents were categorized based on their industry and if their project was completed or not.  The analysis showed practical similarities in the implementations between projects, such as hygienic aspects in the workplace, remote working, and other practical implementations from the guidelines of the Swedish health authorities. The analysis also found the common theme of project responses being external threat recognition followed by the adaptation of remote working, the expansion of communication and finally the closure of the project. the analysis did however find smaller variations depending on the size of the firm and industry, such that smaller projects did not always need a firm wide remote working unit and that heavy industry projects leaned towards traditional project management methodologies with hints of agile methods, while the game-development projects quite explicitly used agile methods. While the study does contribute to the academic field of project management with empirical data and may provide guidance in future pandemics and similar situations, further research is needed in order to gain a full understanding on the pandemics effect on projects in Sweden, especially through a study covering a larger study size.

This thesis is dedicated to modeling and management of project portfolio. In the first part, project is specified, along with methods for its managing. Next part describes the project portfolio, its managing and aspects that affect it. Thesis continues with analysis and design of software prototype capable of managing project portfolios.  Most suitable methods are selected for project analysis.  Designed prototype is then implemented and solution is described in the thesis. Last part of the work is user testing, which pointed out the functionality and usability of created prototype.

This master's thesis deals with the area of risk management in project management. The aim is to create a complex risk management methodology and a functional prototype of the system that complements and supports it. The methodology is based on the fundamental principles of these areas and the analysis of currently used project and risk management approaches in practice. Selected were PRINCE2, Agile Approach and ITIL. The advantages of the methodology are its complexity, no bound to any standard but based on methodology's positive  features. Based on the methodology, a web application for management and visualization of projects and risks has been developed and supports work with it.

<p>U okviru disertacije se ispituje mogućnost za unapređenje upravljanja projektima u konzervaciji i restauraciji kulturnog nasleđa. Kvalitativnim istraživačkim metodama ispitivani su rizici i izazovi sa kojima se susreću i kako njima upravljaju ovi izrazito multidisciplinarni i intersektorski projekti saradnje. Kao rezultat istraživanja i originalan naučni doprinos disertacije predložen je set preporuka za unapređenje upravljanja rizicima u projektima u konzervaciji i restuaraciji kulturnog nasleđa.</p> / <p>The dissertation examines the possibility of advancing project management in conservation and restoration of cultural heritage. A survey was conducted in order to examine how increased complexity of cross-disciplinary setting influences project management challenges and risks in heritage conservation. As a research result and the original scientific contribution of the dissertation, a set of recommendations for advancement of project risk management in conservation and restoration of cultural heritage has been proposed.</p>

La gestion de projets complexes nécessite d’orchestrer la coopération de centaines de personnes provenant de diverses entreprises, professions et compétences, de travailler sur des milliers d'activités, livrables, objectifs, actions, décisions et risques. En outre, ces nombreux éléments du projet sont de plus en plus interconnectés, et aucune décision ou action n’est indépendante. Cette complexité croissante est l'un des plus grands défis de la gestion de projet et l'une des causes de l'échec du projet en termes de dépassements de coûts et des retards. Par exemple, dans l'industrie automobile, l'augmentation de l'orientation du marché et de la complexité croissante des véhicules a changé la structure de gestion des projets de développement de nouveaux véhicules à partir d'une structure hiérarchique à une structure en réseau, y compris le constructeur, mais aussi de nombreux fournisseurs. Les dépendances entre les éléments du projet augmentent les risques, car les problèmes dans un élément peuvent se propager à d'autres éléments qui en dépendent directement ou indirectement. La complexité génère un certain nombre de phénomènes, positifs ou négatifs, isolés ou en chaînes, locaux ou globaux, qui vont plus ou moins interférer avec la convergence du projet vers ses objectifs.L'objectif de la thèse est donc de réduire les risques associés à la complexité des projets véhicules en augmentant la compréhension de cette complexité et de la coordination des acteurs du projet. Pour ce faire, une première question de recherche est de prioriser les actions pour atténuer les risques liés à la complexité. Puis, une seconde question de recherche est de proposer un moyen d'organiser et de coordonner les acteurs afin de faire face efficacement avec les phénomènes liés à la complexité identifiés précédemment.La première question sera abordée par la modélisation de complexité du projet en analysant les phénomènes liés à la complexité dans le projet, à deux niveaux. Tout d'abord, une modélisation descriptive de haut niveau basée facteur est proposé. Elle permet de mesurer et de prioriser les zones de projet où la complexité peut avoir le plus d'impact. Deuxièmement, une modélisation de bas niveau basée sur les graphes est proposée. Elle permet de modéliser plus finement les éléments du projet et leurs interdépendances. Des contributions ont été faites sur le processus complet de modélisation, y compris l'automatisation de certaines étapes de collecte de données, afin d'augmenter les performances et la diminution de l'effort et le risque d'erreur. Ces deux modèles peuvent être utilisés en conséquence; une première mesure de haut niveau peut permettre de se concentrer sur certains aspects du projet, où la modélisation de bas niveau sera appliquée, avec un gain global d'efficacité et d'impact. Basé sur ces modèles, certaines contributions sont faites pour anticiper le comportement potentiel du projet. Des analyses topologiques et de propagation sont proposées pour détecter et hiérarchiser les éléments essentiels et les interdépendances critiques, tout en élargissant le sens du mot polysémique "critique".La deuxième question de recherche sera traitée en introduisant une méthodologie de « Clustering » pour proposer des groupes d'acteurs dans les projets de développement de nouveaux produits, en particulier pour les acteurs impliqués dans de nombreuses interdépendances liées aux livrables à différentes phases du cycle de vie du projet. Cela permet d'accroître la coordination entre les acteurs interdépendants qui ne sont pas toujours formellement reliés par la structure hiérarchique de l'organisation du projet. Cela permet à l'organisation du projet d’être effectivement plus proche de la structure en « réseau » qu’elle devrait avoir. L'application industrielle aux projets de développement de nouveaux véhicules a montré des résultats prometteurs pour les contributions aux deux questions de recherche. / The management of complex projects requires orchestrating the cooperation of hundreds of individuals from various companies, professions and backgrounds, working on thousands of activities, deliverables, and risks. As well, these numerous project elements are more and more interconnected, and no decision or action is independent. This growing complexity is one of the greatest challenges of project management and one of the causes for project failure in terms of cost overruns and time delays. For instance, in the automotive industry, increasing market orientation and growing complexity of automotive product has changed the management structure of the vehicle development projects from a hierarchical to a networked structure, including the manufacturer but also numerous suppliers. Dependencies between project elements increase risks, since problems in one element may propagate to other directly or indirectly dependent elements. Complexity generates a number of phenomena, positive or negative, isolated or in chains, local or global, that will more or less interfere with the convergence of the project towards its goals. The thesis aim is thus to reduce the risks associated with the complexity of the vehicle development projects by increasing the understanding of this complexity and the coordination of project actors. To do so, a first research question is to prioritize actions to mitigate complexity-related risks. Then, a second research question is to propose a way to organize and coordinate actors in order to cope efficiently with the previously identified complexity-related phenomena.The first question will be addressed by modeling project complexity and by analyzing complexity-related phenomena within the project, at two levels. First, a high-level factor-based descriptive modeling is proposed. It permits to measure and prioritize project areas where complexity may have the most impact. Second, a low-level graph-based modeling is proposed, based on the finer modeling of project elements and interdependencies. Contributions have been made on the complete modeling process, including the automation of some data-gathering steps, in order to increase performance and decrease effort and error risk. These two models can be used consequently; a first high-level measure can permit to focus on some areas of the project, where the low-level modeling will be applied, with a gain of global efficiency and impact. Based on these models, some contributions are made to anticipate potential behavior of the project. Topological and propagation analyses are proposed to detect and prioritize critical elements and critical interdependencies, while enlarging the sense of the polysemous word “critical."The second research question will be addressed by introducing a clustering methodology to propose groups of actors in new product development projects, especially for the actors involved in many deliverable-related interdependencies in different phases of the project life cycle. This permits to increase coordination between interdependent actors who are not always formally connected via the hierarchical structure of the project organization. This allows the project organization to be actually closer to what a networked structure should be. The automotive-based industrial application has shown promising results for the contributions to both research questions. Finally, the proposed methodology is discussed in terms of genericity and seems to be applicable to a wide set of complex projects for decision support.

Risk management is quite a broad and essential part of project management in construction projects. Often, risk management focuses on perceived risks that can easily be predicted and managed. However, little attention is given to novel risks or risks that are not possible to predict and are unforeseen. Construction projects face these risks repeatedly, and decisions made when they occur are filled with so many discrepancies. The covid-19 virus is an example of a novel virus that no one perceived, which surprised the construction industry. This master thesis explores how organisations in the construction industry in Zimbabwe managed risk related to covid-19 in construction projects and what impact the pandemic had on current risk management practices. This study is an exploratory case study, and semi-structured interviews were utilised to collect data and answer the research questions. The study's findings highlight the major risks related to covid-19 that were faced in construction projects, the particular actions related to risk management that were taken to manage the risk and the impact of covid-19 on risk management frameworks for construction projects in Zimbabwe. Risks posed by the coronavirus to construction projects in Zimbabwe included operational risks, financial risks, productivity risks, supply chain risks, production delay risks and coronavirus infection risks. Mandatory guidelines and ISO procedures mainly influenced the actions taken to manage coronavirus related risks. Measures included introducing extra health safety measures on construction sites such as regular testing and screening and social distancing. Lastly, the impact on construction project risk management frameworks included changes to adapt to the new way of operating with covid-19. These changes include the increase in the budget allocation for novel risks and increased integration of technology in risk management. A small section of the study briefly discusses the Swedish context to capture insights into how the Swedish construction industry was affected by the covid-19 pandemic. Since Sweden did not go into lock down, it was interesting to reflect on how they were affected, and the actions taken to manage covid-19 related risks in that context. / Riskhantering är en ganska bred och väsentlig del av projektledning i byggprojekt. Ofta fokuserar riskhanteringen på upplevda risker som lätt kan förutsägas och hanteras. Men lite uppmärksamhet ägnas unika risker eller risker som inte är möjliga att förutse och är oförutsedda. Byggprojekt möter dessa risker upprepade gånger, och beslut som fattas när de inträffar är fyllda med så många avvikelser. Covid-19-viruset är ett exempel på ett unikt virus som ingen uppfattade, vilket överraskade byggindustrin. Denna masteruppsats undersöker hur organisationer inom byggindustrin i Zimbabwe hanterade risker relaterade till covid-19 i byggprojekt och vilken inverkan pandemin hade på nuvarande riskhanteringsmetoder. Denna studie är en utforskande fallstudie och semistrukturerade intervjuer användes för att samla in data och svara på forskningsfrågorna. Studiens resultat belyser de stora riskerna relaterade till covid-19 som stod inför i byggprojekt, de särskilda åtgärderna relaterade till riskhantering som vidtogs för att hantera risken och effekten av covid-19 på riskhanteringsramverk för byggprojekt i Zimbabwe. Risker som coronaviruset utgör för byggprojekt i Zimbabwe inkluderar operationella risker, finansiella risker, produktivitetrisker, risker kopplade till försörjningskedjan, produktionsföreningrisker och risk för coronavirusinfektion. Obligatoriska riktlinjer och ISO-procedurer påverkade huvudsakligen de åtgärder som vidtogs för att hantera risker relaterade till coronaviruset. Åtgärder omfattade att införa extra hälsosäkerhetsåtgärder på byggarbetsplatser som regelbundna tester och screening och social distansering. Slutligen, effekten på ramverk för riskhantering av byggprojekt inkluderade förändringar för att anpassa sig till det nya sättet att arbeta med covid-19. Dessa förändringar inkluderar ökningen av budgetanslaget för unika risker och ökad integrering av teknik i riskhanteringen. En liten del av studien diskuterar kort den svenska kontexten för att fånga insikter om hur den svenska byggindustrin påverkades av covid-19-pandemin. Eftersom Sverige inte gick in i lockdown var det intressant att reflektera över hur de påverkades och vilka åtgärder som vidtagits för att hantera covid-19 relaterade risker i det sammanhanget.

[pt] Este trabalho apresenta a Reservoir Risks Ontology (ResRiskOnto), uma ontologia aplicada aos riscos na indústria de óleo e gás associados ao domínio de reservatórios. Os componentes da ResRiskOnto são termos do domínio de trabalho de profissinais de reservatório, de forma a facilitar sua adoção na documentação futura de riscos. A ResRiskOnto tem como ideia central o conceito de Evento de Risco. Cada evento tem um conjunto de possíveis Participantes, que por sua vez possuem Características manifestadas pelo evento. A ontologia dispõe de um total de 97 termos, 29 dos quais derivados da classe Evento de Risco. Para desenvolver a ResRiskOnto, foi feita uma análise semântica em aproximadamente 2500 riscos de reservatórios documentados em linguagem natural. Este repositório é fruto de centenas de workshops de avaliação de riscos em projetos de óleo e gás, conduzidos na Petrobras durante uma década. A ontologia proposta fundamenta-se nos princípios da Basic Formal Ontology (BFO), uma ontologia de topo projetada para descrever domínios científicos. A BFO baseia-se no Realismo, uma visão filosófica segundo a qual os entes que constituem a realidade existem independentemente da nossa representação. No nível de domínio definimos os entes de reservatório usando os conceitos da GeoCore Ontology, uma ontologia para a Geologia. Para validar a ResRiskOnto os documentos do repositório foram anotados utilizando os entes e relações definidos na ontologia, e desenvolvido um modelo capaz de reconhecer entidades nomeadas e extrair as relações entre elas. Nossa contribuição é uma ontologia aplicada que permite o raciocínio semântico no repositório de documentos de risco. Esperamos que ela forneça (i) as bases para modelagem de dados de riscos relacionados a reservatórios; e (ii) um padrão para futura documentação de riscos no domínio de reservatório. / [en] This work proposes the Reservoir Risks Ontology (ResRiskOnto), an application ontology for risks in the oil and gas industry associated with the petroleum reservoir domain. ResRiskOnto s building blocks are terms dominated by reservoir professionals, so that it can be easily adopted in future risk documentation. ResRiskOnto is developed having at its center the concept of Risk Events. Each event has a set of possible Participants, that have its Characteristics manifested by the event. The ontology provides a total a set of 97 terms, 29 of which are derived from the Risk Event class. To develop the ResRiskOnto, we conducted a semantic analysis of documents that contain over 2500 reservoir-related risks described in natural language. This repository is the result of hundreds of risk assessment workshops in oil and gas projects, conducted in over ten years in Petrobras. This ontology is founded on the principles of the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO), a top-level ontology designed to describe scientific domains. One of BFO s most distinct characteristic is its commitment to Realism, a philosophical view of reality in which its constituents exist independently of our representations. On the domain-level, reservoir entities are described under the principles of the GeoCore Ontology, a core ontology for Geology. To validate the ResRiskOnto we annotate our risk documents repository with the ontology s entities and relations, developing a model that recognizes named entities and extracts the relations among them. Our contribution is an application ontology that allows semantic reasoning over the risk documents. We also expect to provide (i) a basis for data modelling in the case of reservoir-related risks; and (ii) a standard for future risk documentation in the reservoir domain.