<p>As we approach the 21st Century, our society is increasingly being faced with technological advances. One of such areas of advancement is the reasearch involving human genes. The human genome-mapping project(HGMP) started on the first of october 1990 with a group of over 350 labs. but by late 90's, many important advances had been discovered concerning how to improve the human specie. With these advances came ethical questions and concerns.Both moral and legal questions have been raised as to the effectiveness and safty of this technology. It is the contention of this paper to give a clearer meaning and understanding of the ethics of genetic control.As such I will discuss the wide spread fears and anxiety brought about by the introduction of this new technology. To make this aim more comprehensible, I will pay particular attention to Joseph Fletcher and his books on Genetic control, and Humanhood: Essays In Biomedical Ethics. Fletchers ardent support for genetic control has developed worldwide debates from both ethicists and philosophers as to the safty and efficiency of genetic engineering.</p>

As we approach the 21st Century, our society is increasingly being faced with technological advances. One of such areas of advancement is the reasearch involving human genes. The human genome-mapping project(HGMP) started on the first of october 1990 with a group of over 350 labs. but by late 90's, many important advances had been discovered concerning how to improve the human specie. With these advances came ethical questions and concerns.Both moral and legal questions have been raised as to the effectiveness and safty of this technology. It is the contention of this paper to give a clearer meaning and understanding of the ethics of genetic control.As such I will discuss the wide spread fears and anxiety brought about by the introduction of this new technology. To make this aim more comprehensible, I will pay particular attention to Joseph Fletcher and his books on Genetic control, and Humanhood: Essays In Biomedical Ethics. Fletchers ardent support for genetic control has developed worldwide debates from both ethicists and philosophers as to the safty and efficiency of genetic engineering.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:48:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcia Lessa Medeiros da Silva.pdf: 5603146 bytes, checksum: 99aa523604ece66e4406bf35235dff85 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-15 / Our research proposes to reflect the protestant movement, its ethics, influences and its roots through a historical approach, in view of the birth of Protestantism around the world, and, aftermost, in Brazilian lands. Through the light of the Reformist provement our research tries to show how the Protestantism influenced on the construction of the Brazilian pedagogy, on showing such contribution, we would like to highlight the pedagogical work developed at the Instituto Presbiteriano de Cabo Frio. We would like to show our efforts to follow the accelerated process of nowadays development and our endeavors in order to offer a diverse work that offers significant learning through a program that may be adjusted to the reality of our time and the individual needs of each student. In the beginning of 80 s, with the political opening, we could see a great mobilization of our educators on the seeking of a critical education that could bring social, political and economical transformation in order to overcome social inequalities and promote the citizenship, which is been consolidated by the progressist pedagogy. The hope of the poet that affirms that the life is worth even though the bread is expensive and the liberty is small continues generating boldness to overcome the needs of our society. This work is borne motivated by such blows of winds. The objective of these studies to bring us to reflect about the consequences of the learning difficulties in the relational process between teachers and students, and as well as to propose critical measures. Such proposes here cited try to show that we have to reflect to take a reflexive practice as teachers, scientifically based and also offer an atmosphere that may contribute to healthy and an emotional venue. On doing so the teacher will bring to the student the possibility of listing, answering and accept his difficulties without any guilt, understanding, knowing how to overcome then. / Esta pesquisa propõe refletir o movimento protestante, sua ética, influências e raízes através de uma abordagem histórica, pontuando o surgimento do protestantismo na Alemanha ,e posteriormente, em terras brasileiras. Diante do movimento da reforma, esta pesquisa busca mostrar de que forma se deu a influência do protestantismo na formação da pedagogia brasileira. Ao expor essa grande contribuição do protestantismo à educação do Brasil, destacou-se sua importância para o entendimento do trabalho pedagógico desenvolvido no Instituto Presbiteriano de Cabo Frio. Sendo um desafio para a escola acompanhar o acelerado processo de desenvolvimento da atualidade e oferecer um trabalho diversificado que propicie aprendizagens significativas, através de um currículo que se ajuste à realidade de cada época e às necessidades individuais dos alunos. No início dos anos 80, com a abertura política, assistiu-se a uma grande mobilização dos educadores na busca de uma educação crítica, a serviço das transformações sociais, políticas e econômicas, com intuito de superar as desigualdades sociais e promover o exercício da cidadania, o que vem se consolidando com a pedagogia progressista. A esperança do poeta ao afirmar que a vida vale a pena mesmo o pão sendo caro e a liberdade pequena, continua gerando na sociedade a ousadia de superação das dificuldades. Este trabalho nasceu motivado por tais ventos. O objetivo deste estudo foi refletir sobre as consequências das dificuldades da aprendizagem no processo relacional entre os professores e alunos, bem como propor medidas práticas. As propostas aqui se firmaram no entendimento da necessidade de se capacitar o professor a assumir uma prática reflexiva, embasada cientificamente e também oferecê-lo um ambiente contribuinte para sua saúde emocional. Tal investimento no professor possui reflexo direto no aluno que propiciando que este assuma a condição de sujeito que além de ouvir, poderá falar sem culpa, enxergar suas dificuldades e encontrar espaço para superá-las.

[pt] A pesquisa tem como propósito entender o ethos protestante: suas potencialidades, acertos e fracassos, especialmente em terras brasileiras. E, dentro desse universo, guarda uma questão específica referente ao papel social desse protestantismo. O cerne do estudo é simples e pode ser consubstanciado pela seguinte questão: o protestantismo brasileiro, em seu trajeto histórico no nosso país, deu alguma contribuição realmente relevante em termos sociais e políticos? A pergunta expressa curiosidade pelas questões estruturais mais profundas, marcas indeléveis impressas pelo protestantismo na sociedade brasileira. Elas existem? Se sim, quais são? E como ocorreram? Se não, o que deu errado? E por quais motivos? A essa questão maior segue-se uma segunda. Na história remota do protestantismo, desde as origens europeias, haveria características e compromissos idiossincráticos desse ramo do cristianismo que servissem de inspiração e de norteadores para que o protestantismo nacional construísse uma proposta eclesial e uma práxis social relevantes? / [en] This research aims to understand the protestant ethos: its potential, successes and failures, especially in Brazil. Within this overall theme, it deals with the specific question of the social role of Protestantism. The core of the study is simple and can be framed by the following question: Did Brazilian Protestantism during its history really give relevant contributions to this country in social and political terms? The question expresses curiosity about the deeper structures and the indelible print marks which Protestantism might have left in Brazilian society. Do they exist? If so, where are they? And how did they happen? If they do not exist, what went wrong? And for what reason? This larger question is followed by a second one. Were there in the remote history of Protestantism at its European origins special characteristics and idiosyncratic commitments that could have inspired and oriented the national Protestant Church to build a relevant ecclesial model and social praxis?

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta dissertação interpreta o clássico do pensamento social brasileiro Raízes do Brasil, de Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, publicado em 1936. Para isso, analisa-se o ensaio a partir de seu contexto de origem, onde apresentamos o ambiente em que o livro veio à tona. Prosseguindo, seguimos as principais linhas temáticas que servem de base para nosso autor. São elas, o personalismo, a falta de organização social horizontal e de ética do trabalho, a formação sob os domínios rurais de ambiente patriarcal, as quais respondem por uma confusão entre público e privado, e certo patrimonialismo, até chegar ao conceito-síntese do "homem cordial" como entrave para a modernização brasileira. Ainda, procura-se identificar nos argumentos principais desenvolvidos uma leitura específica da "ética protestante", a qual serve para afirmar certa distinção entre o nosso processo de formação sócio-político, cultural e religioso comparado ao do contexto protestante nórdico. Argumentamos pelo olhar da ambigüidade das escolhas culturais que o homem cordial, ao apresentar uma ética emocional em confronto a uma ética racionalizante protestante, é o contraponto implícito ao "protestante ascético" de matriz weberiana. Do mesmo modo, defendemos a existência de uma tensão em Raízes do Brasil que afirma a ética cordial como tradicional e entrave para a modernização, mas igualmente como contribuição brasileira para a civilização. / This dissertation interprets the classical writing of the Brazilian social thought Raízes do Brasil (Roots of Brazil), by Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, which was published in 1936. In order to accomplish this, we analyze the essay from its original context and present the environment in which the book arose. Next, we follow the main thematic lines which serve as the foundations for our author. They are: the personalism, the lack of horizontal social organization and ethics of work, the formation under the rural dominance and patriarchal environment, which responds to a confusion between public and private, and a certain "patrimonalism", until we reach the synthesis conception of "homem cordial" (cordial man) as a fetter to the Brazilian modernization. Moreover, we seek for identifying in the main arguments which were developed a specific reading of the "protestant ethics", which helps us confirm a certain distinction between our socio-political, cultural and religious process of formation and the Nordic protestant context. We argument through the eyes of the ambiguity of the cultural choices that the cordial man, as he presents an emotional ethics confronting a rationalizing protestant ethics, is the implicit counterpoint to the "ascetic protestant" of a "Weber(ian)" origin. In the same way, we defend the existence of a tens ion in Raízes do Brasil, which affirms the cordial ethics as traditional and as a fetter to modernization, but, at the same time, as a Brazilian contribution to the civilization.