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published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Clinical Psychology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Clinical Psychology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Clinical Psychology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

The principal purposes of this study were to investigate the persistence of therapeutic change during the posttherapy period and the client variables associated with the persistence of therapeutic change. Secondary attention was given to the analysis of change and associated variables during the actual treatment period. Thirty outpatient, psychotherapy clients were studied and their relative change of status at termination and six-month follow-up was assessed through percent gain and residual change score analysis. Emphasizing the probability of change, the vast majority of clients (97%), using the percent gain analysis, and a substantial minority (30%), using residual change analysis, gained significantly during the treatment period. These differing results were attributed to the "outlier" effect, in which 17% of the clients did not evidence regression toward the mean, and thus made residual change an overly conservative estimate of improvement. Additionally, the low correlation between the residual change scores and the Follow-Up Rating supported this position. A majority (73%) maintained or continued to gain during the posttherapy period, using the residual gain analysis, while a majority (77%) maintained or continued to gain during the posttherapy period, using the percent gain analysis. Socioeconomic status, age, total psychotherapy sessions, initial neuroticism, and initial extroversion were identified as predictors of positive change in status at termination and follow-up. Socioeconomic status, negative life events, marital change, total psychotherapy sessions, initial neuroticism, and age were identified as variables discriminating between positive change and negative change in status groups. A number of limitations for this study were incorporated in implications for future research. These suggestions were designed to assist future researchers and therapists in understanding the persistence of change following psychotherapy.

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Note: / A subject that is beginning to be discussed more widely - heretofore, especially in Church circles, is the relationship between Sacremental Confession and Psyohotherapy* The problem centres mound the question of how the priest or minister can make use of either or both of these practices to the furthering of his office in the Church, and to the benefit of those committed to his charge. The question is. asked, are the two mutually exclusive, or is there some area in which they both can be used, or are they both to be used together? [...]

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This study is an exploration of the epoche as a lived experience in existential phenomenological psychotherapy. Beginning with the philosophical underpinnings of the epoche the study explores Husserl's writings regarding the epoche and his reason for introducing the epoche to the practice of phenomenology. A phenomenological · approach to method is used, namely Van Manen's hermeneutic interpretive phenomenology. Using this method, data was generated from ten interviews with existential phenomenological psychotherapists. The focus of the interviews was how the epoche was experienced in practice as a lived experience and how it was effected, this included the procedures used to help effect the epoche and the struggle to maintain the epoche against the pull of the natural attitude. To further explore and understand the epoche I include a piece on my research journey and a personal lived experience in effecting the epoche. Using three stages, thoughtfulness, thematic analysis and seeking meaning, the data is analyzed and from here the themes emerge. The interpretations emerge out of these phenomenological themes and are contrasted and compared with existing concepts in existential phenomenological philosophy, and with current multidisciplinary thought highlighting preliminary possibilities for reconfiguring existing approaches to the epoche. This thesis argues that the coresearchers using other approaches such as mindfulness inadvertently find a way of effecting the epoche and that the mistrust and difficulties co-researchers experience with regard to the epoche is based on misconceptions regarding the epoche, misconceptions which crossed over from phenomenological philosophy to phenomenological psychotherapy. There is also the issue of the lack of instruction in how to perform the epoche. As a consequence the epoche is only partially appreciated and it is to this end that this study might bring into view the relevance and remit of the epoche not only in existential psychotherapy but in using the epoche in any phenomenological investigations.