The dearth of public health leadership and lack of leadership development in higher education for public health, reported by the Institute of Medicine Committee for the Study of the Future of Public Health, prompted this study of leadership perspectives in schools of public health and the practices and behaviors of contemporary public health leaders and their followers. Ambiguity between management and leadership was evident. Academic responders identified transactional leadership roles and relationships more often than those of transformational leadership. Leader and follower ratings of leader performance were most often 'moderate' indicating that leaders sometimes or fairly often exhibit exemplary leadership practices and behaviors. Variances between academic and practice findings suggest that, although many graduates do become leaders in public health, this may not be an outcome of the educational experience. Content and comparative analyses identify twelve concepts of transformational leadership which form a framework for course content in leadership development for public health.

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This study was undertaken for the purpose of seeing how a health counseling program for overweight adolescent girls could be developed in a secondary high school setting. Initially, the study developed out of an awareness and concern for the problem of obesity among teenage girls, especially those in a secondary school. To provide a strong background for the use in both planning and executing a health counseling program, the study reviewed the health literature dealing especially with several topics: a. The prevalence of obesity. b. The relationship of obesity to mental and physical health. c. The influence of food faddisms and quackery on obesity. d. The etiology of obesity including hereditary, endocrine, metabolic, environmental and psychological factors. In addition, the study involved a survey of school nurse-teacher health counseling programs in schools within the administrative area established for health programs by the New York State Department of Education. To provide information about the general social and communal context of the adolescent girls to be included in the health counseling program, the study drew on the summary of community characteristics provided by an eleven. member North Shore High School Faculty Committee in preparation for the school's evaluation by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools. From the information about the problem of obesity and the scarcity of school health counseling programs, the school nurse-teacher with the cooperation of members of the Physical Education, Home Economics, and Guidance Departments as well as the Psychological and Medical Services, devised a six-month pilot health counseling program. The program included a careful selection of sateen overweight girls who were twenty or more pounds over their desired weight according to the Baldwin-Wood standardized Weight-Height-Age Table. Weekly individual counseling sessions followed by monthly group meetings were established. A physical exercise program came about as an outgrowth of the monthly group meetings. Nutritional education, retraining of eating habits, stimulation of diverse interest and encouragement of physical activity formed the nucleus of the counseling sessions. The primary focus centered around appearance and dress with the basic aim to establish good nutritional habits and a healthy, wholesome pattern of daily living. Social reinforcement and supportive reassurance were paramount in the relationship between the health counselor and counselee. The results of the six-month pilot study showed an overall weight loss of 22 pounds among the sixteen counseled girls as contrasted to a weight increase of 76 pounds among the sixteen uncounseled group. An improvement in personal appearance, attitudinal realism about the weight problem, along with self-acceptance, were changes evident with the counseled group. The results of this pilot study have implications both within the high school and beyond. The program developed in the pilot study is continuing in the high school. Programs based upon the design offered in this study could be extended throughout the community starting in the elementary schools and reaching out into the community health agencies. The study shows that a thoroughly informed school nurse-teacher by means of detailed planning and program execution is in a strategic position to offer her expertise in assisting the student with a weight problem. If additional studies beyond this pilot study bear out the results of this study, then adeqt.1ately prepared health counseling programs can serve as one means of prevention and control of the problem of overweight among the high school students.

acase@tulane.edu / My dissertation is a collection of three essays in applied microeconomics. Chapters 1 and 2 are sole-authored papers. In Chapter 1, I investigate the impact the Affordable Care Act's 2014 Medicaid expansion had on Medicaid spending by the government. I apply a difference-in-differences study design using data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services on all Medicaid expenditures over an 18 year period, including three years post-expansion. I find that the expansion increased total Medicaid spending by 14 percent in participating states, but this masks the substantive heterogeneity in Medicaid spending across the 21 health care service categories. Most notably, dental and rural health clinic services increased by 201 and 99 percent, respectively. In Chapter 2, I study the effect of the first multi-country antimalarial subsidy on the type and source of treatment taken for children under five years of age reporting a fever. I use nationally representative, repeated cross-sectional survey data from 15 malaria endemic African countries over an 11 year period. Among children reporting a fever, countries offering subsidized ACTs increased ACTs taken in the private sector by 8.2 percentage points and decreased treatment with lesser effective antimalarial monotherapies by 7.9 percentage points. In Chapter 3, I collaborate with economists at RAND Corporation to investigate the direct effects of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill on the Gulf fisheries industry. Our research shows that the dynamic path of certain indicators, such as fisheries landings and revenues, can provide information about the resilience of fisheries to oil spill events at the sectoral level, aggregating the various physical, policy, and behavioral responses that combine to form the latent resilience construct. / 1 / Jacqueline Anne Fiore

Aim: The purpose of this in-vitro study was to look at the effectiveness of the ICON on prevention of caries on the smooth surface in comparison to resin based sealant. Methods: The study was an in-vitro study to compare the effectiveness of ICON and a sealant material in prevention of secondary demineralization. Sound teeth with no defects were cleaned and divided into 3 groups and lesions created. Both the groups were treated with respective materials (ICON and sealant), but the control group was left untreated. Once treated fresh demineralization solution was created and subject to deminralization cycles to see which material performed better in prevention of secondary demineralization. Results: In the present study, primary analysis was done using the quantitative light induced fluorescence technique. At the end of the secondary demineralization the results showed no statistically significant difference among the treatrment groups and the control group. However, the polarized light microscopy was done to assess the amont of infiltration of the material into the lesions. The ICON showed substantial penetration into the lesions where as the sealant material did not penetrate but formed resin tags on the surface of the lesion. Therefore, the ICON material did not fare any better than the sealant in prevention of secondary demineralization on smooth surface initial carious lesions.

Our study involved secondary analyses of the oral health-related quality of life data collected in the Iowa Fluoride Study at the 17-year time-point. Both adolescents and their parents filled out questionnaires related to the assessment of the OHRQoL of the adolescents. In addition, adolescents also underwent clinical examination to assess dental caries, dental fluorosis, orthodontic characteristics, and non-fluoride opacities. Dental casts were also made with the assent of the participants. These casts were later used to estimate the social acceptability of the participants' dental appearance and assess their malocclusion severity, using the Dental Aesthetic Index (Cons et al, 1978). This study assessed the relationships between the OHRQoL of Iowa adolescents and the presence of selected oral conditions, such as dental caries, dental fluorosis, and malocclusion. Based on the multivariable analyses, dental caries and malocclusion severity (reflected by DAI score) were the two oral conditions that were found to be significantly associated with poorer OHRQoL in adolescents. In addition, the influence of sex on adolescents' perceptions of OHRQoL was found to be statistically significant in our study and being female was associated with poorer OHRQoL. The findings of our study corroborate the results of other investigations that have demonstrated significant associations between: i) dental caries and OHRQoL (Arrow P, 2013; Barbosa et al, 2013; Bastos et al, 2012; Castro et al,2010; Do and Spencer, 2007; Martinis et al, 2012); ii) malocclusion and OHRQoL (Foster Page et al., 2005; Do and Spencer, 2007; Locker et al, 2007; Bernabe et al, 2008; Agou et al, 2008; O'Brien et al, 2006; Feu et al, 2010; Ukra et al, 2013); and iii) sex and OHRQoL (Foster Page et al, 2005; Calis et al, 2009; Bos et al, 2010; Barbosa et al, 2013; Ukra et al, 2013). Thus, oral conditions such as dental caries and malocclusion can be a source of stress and can have a negative impact on the life of an individual and can impede their ability to succeed. Females tend to be more sensitive to the negative impact of oral health conditions. Thus, in order to better understand the impact of oral health conditions, subjective measures should be used in conjunction with normative measures or clinical measures of assessing oral health. This can help in better treatment planning, and better allocation of resources, as oral health perceptions can vary for different individuals.

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Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 40-02, Section: B, page: 0687. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1978.