Dans un contexte de bouleversements sociaux et d’une profonde polarisation politique entre la gauche et la droite, les élections présidentielles de 2018 au Brésil ont confirmé une significative montée du conservatisme dans la société brésilienne. Cela a conduit l'extrême droite au pouvoir, dont la campagne électorale était basée sur un discours conservateur anti-LGBTQ. Par conséquent, des manifestations hostiles contre les minorités sexuelles ont gagné en importance autour des disputes politiques, notamment des manifestations conservatrices contre l'exposition d'art Queermuseu en 2017. Toutefois, cette situation révèle une certaine contradiction au Brésil, où la communauté LGBTQ est constamment opprimée par un conservatisme qui gagne en force, en même temps qu’elle bénéficie d'un certain nombre de droits et de protections. Ainsi, afin de comprendre les aspects de cette situation contradictoire et les mécanismes de ce conservatisme qui se développent au Brésil, cette étude propose une analyse des circonstances historiques et politiques qui ont mené aux hostilités contre cette exposition. D’ailleurs, une comparaison de l’affaire Queermuseu avec un cas similaire aux États-Unis en 2010, l'exposition HIDE/SEEK à la National Portrait Gallery, permet de comprendre comment des polémiques autour des normes morales peuvent être exploitées au profit des politiciens conservateurs. Ces analyses révèlent l’existence d’un conservatisme politique au Brésil étroitement lié à un pouvoir religieux qui agit de manière stratégique dans l’arène politique en quête du pouvoir, par le truchement des églises évangéliques, qui sont constamment en opposition aux demandes de la communauté LGBTQ. / In a context of social upheaval and deep political polarization between left and right, the 2018 presidential election in Brazil confirmed a significant increase of conservatism in Brazilian society that led to the rise of the far-right, whose political campaign was based on a conservative anti-LGBTQ rhetoric. As a result, hostile demonstrations against sexual minorities have gained prominence, including conservative protests against the Queermuseu, a queer art exhibition, in 2017. However, this situation reveals a certain contradiction in Brazil, where despite the constant oppression caused by the increase of conservatism, the LGBTQ community is granted a certain number of rights and protections in public policies. Thus, this study proposes an analysis of the political and historical circumstances that led to the hostility toward this exhibition as a means to better understand the aspects of this contradictory situation and the mechanisms of the variety of conservatism that has developed in Brazil. Moreover, a comparison between the polemics around the Queermuseu and a similar case that took place in the United States during the 2010 exhibition HIDE/SEEK, presented at the National Portrait Gallery, helps us understand how controversies around moral norms can be exploited to the benefit of conservative politicians. The information gathered reveals the existence in Brazil of a political conservatism that is closely linked to a religious current that, in a quest for power in the political arena, acts strategically through evangelical churches that constantly oppose the claims of the LGBTQ community.

[pt] Hoje, muito se discute sobre a preservação de arte contemporânea; já não se trata de um assunto incomum para os profissionais do campo. Porém, conciliar o exercício da conservação-restauração com o modus operandi característico da produção artística contemporânea permanece sendo um trabalho repleto de complexidade, visto que esta última tem como uma de suas premissas básicas elaborar situações específicas que, em sua maioria, desafiam os cânones da teoria da produção de conhecimento e da prática da preservação cultural. Em outras palavras: a natureza dos trabalhos de arte contemporânea convocam a revisões epistemológicas da arte, suas áreas afins – como a conservação-restauração – e, consequentemente, do próprio mundo real enquanto coletividade construída. Na presente dissertação, a proposta é analisar, sob esta abordagem, a importância do potencial transformador da arte atual e de quais formas ele pode – ou não – ser preservado/mantido, tomando como estudo de caso a exposição Queermuseu: cartografias da diferença na arte brasileira, seus embates e desdobramentos no espaço-tempo, que engendraram uma série de contribuições para a discussão acerca do lugar da arte e da preservação cultural na sociedade. / [en] Today, much is discussed about the preservation of contemporary art; it is no longer an uncommon subject for professionals in the field. However, reconciling the exercise of conservation-restoration with the characteristic modus operandi of contemporary artistic production remains a work full of complexity, since the latter has as one of its basic premises the elaboration of specific situations that, for the most part, defy the canons of the theory of knowledge production and the practice of cultural preservation. In other words: the nature of works of contemporary art call for epistemological revisions of art, its related areas – such as conservation-restoration – and, consequently, the real world itself as a constructed collectivity. In the present dissertation, the proposal is to analyze, under this approach, the importance of the transforming potential of current art and in what ways it can – or cannot – be preserved/maintained, taking as a case study the exhibition Queermuseu: cartografias da diferença na arte brasileira, its clashes and developments in space-time, which engendered a series of contributions to the discussion about the place of art and cultural preservation in society.