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The problem contained in this study was Stendhal's use of the Napoleonic myth in his novel The Red and the Black. This study dealt primarily with Stendhal's purpose in using the myth as a basis for his novel and with the extent to which the principal character, Julien Sorel, patterned himself after the myth.

Red-bed alluvial systems are becoming increasingly important as hydrocarbon plays in the UK Northern North Sea. Commonly such ephemeral systems are hard to define in terms of reservoir architecture, due to the difficulty in correlating such diverse and palaeontologically-barren sequences. This project aims to improve understanding of one such system, the Late Jurassic Cormorant Formation, of the Northern North Sea, through detailed sedimentological study of two outcrop analogues. The whole-rock trace element geochemical correlation technique in a variety of settings. The Lower Old Red Sandstone Moor Cliffs Formation of the Anglo-Welsh Basin provides ideal conditions for testing the whole-rock trace element geochemical correlation technique. The Moor Cliffs Formation is a low net:gross alluvial red bed suite, which by virtue of Variscan deformation, outcrops in a well-exposed, easily accessible cliff section at Priests Nose, near Manorbier, Pembrokeshire. A 100m section was sampled to determine variables that may affect whole-rock trace element geochemical correlation. The results prove that whole-rock trace element geochemical correlation can be applied to alluvial successions, despite pedogenic modification and deep burial. The Late Triassic Blomidon Formation of the Fundy Basin, Nova Scotia, provided a second outcrop example of an alluvial red-bed sequence, which was deposited in similar palaeo-climatic and tectonic conditions to the Northem North Sea Triassic. The Blomidon Formation contained a range of fluvial styles from confined channels to unconfined sheetfloods. Three sections were studied along the hanging-wall margin of the Fundy Basin, separated by up to 150km along strike. Each section provided a contrasting basinal setting, allowing comparison of facies along strike and down depositional dip. Sections were measured in detail to quantify bed geometries and facies variants, facilitating architectural analysis. Specific attention was paid to features that may be diagnostic in sub-surface cored sections of the Northern North Sea Triassic. Correlation was possible on a number of scales, using laterally continuous ephemeral marker beds within the Blomidon Formation. Detailed facies evaluation has allowed the division of the Blomidon Formation into four distinctive facies packages that vary considerably in sandstone net:gross. Each facies assemblage is defined by variations in fluvial style and occurrence of evaporite rich, ephemeral lacustrine and rare aeolian sediments. It was possible to produce a broad, basin-wide correlation scheme for the Blomidon Formation, based on these four facies packages. Detailed facies analysis of three cores from the Cormorant Formation, Tem Field, Northern North Sea allowed definition of reservoir architecture, based on models derived from outcrop analogues. The results suggest that correlation based on individual horizons and facies packages is possible in alluvial red-bed sequences through detailed sedimentological study. The whole-rock trace element geochemical correlation technique can also provide additional datasets to enhance correlation in the subsurface.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1951 T83 / Master of Science

State Estimation is responsible for constructing a complete and reliable database, which will be used by other functions in an Energy Management System. Data redundancy is crucial for the success of state Estimation. With an adequate redundancy, State Estimation can detect, identify and suppress bad data. Besides, the quality/reliability of the estimated quantities is not affected in case of a temporary loss of measurements. Redundancy level is evaluated considering the number, type and location of meters in the network. Metering systems with a high redundancy level are always desirable. As it is related to the investments on metering and communication equipments, many times redundancy level is reduced due to financial constraints. On the other hand, during power systems operation, topology changes or data acquisition system malfunctions may also reduce the data redundancy for State Estimation. Even critical levels may be reached, where loss of observability is imminent and bad data processing routines do not work properly. This work describes the development of a computational tool for the design and evaluation of metering systems. The developed tool aims to help the designer on the analyses of different metering plans, taking into account the need to establish adequate trade-offs between the expected performance of the State Estimation function employs and the associated investments costs. / El proceso de Estimación de Estado comprende aplicativos responsables por la construcción de una base de datos completa y confiable que es utilizada por funciones avanzadas en un Sistema de Gerenciamiento de Energía. La redundancia de datos es fundamental para el suceso de la Estimación de Estado. Con un nivel adecuado de redundancia, el proceso de Estimación de Estado puede lidiar con el problema de detección, identificación y eliminación de errores groseros, además de permitir que la perdida temporaria de medidas no afecte a la calida/confiabilidad de las estimativas producidas. La redundancia es evaluada considerándose el número, tipo y distribución topológica de los puntos de medición en una red eléctrica. Siempre se requieren sistemas de medición altamente redundantes. Una vez que la cantidad de datos está directamente relacionada a la inversión de una empresa eléctrica en equipos de medición y transmisión de informaciones, muchas veces la redundancia sufre cortes presupuestales en la revisión de asignación de fondos. Por otro lado, durante la operación del sistema, cambios en la configuración de la red o un funcionamiento temporalmente inadecuado del sistema de adquisición de datos, reducen el nivel de redundancia para la Estimación de Estado. De esta manera, se pueden alcanzar niveles críticos, caracterizando situaciones de pérdida de observabilidad y consecuentemente un desempeño inadecuado de rutinas de procesamiento de errores groseros. Este trabajo describe el desarrollo de un sistema informático para el planeamiento y evaluación de sistemas de medición destinados a la función de Estimación de Estado. Este sistema busca facilitar el análisis de diversas alternativas de interés de un proyectista, muchas veces con la necesidad de conciliación de aspectos conflictivos como la atención al requisito de desempeño de la Estimación de Estados en relación a los costos asociados.

Como es de conocimiento, existe una gran necesidad de automatizar diversos procesos en diferentes sectores, lo cual viene dándose desde muchos años atrás. De esta forma, para conseguir este propósito es necesario el manejo de herramientas de control tales como: instrumentos inteligentes, robots, y técnicas de manejo de lazo cerrado. Por lo tanto la problemática y la correspondiente solución que motivó el desarrollo de esta tesis, formó parte de la mayoría de unidades de este trabajo. Pues,a lo largo de ello, se menciona que el Banco Continental ( BBVA ) necesita la actualización y automatización de sus sistemas de aire acondicionado, de respaldo de energía eléctrica por grupo electrógeno, de abastecimiento de energía eléctrica y de iluminación exterior. Para cumplir este requerimiento es que se presenta la solución a través del manejo de herramientas de control que van desde controladores de grupo electrógeno, analizadores de energía eléctrica, controladores lógico programables (PLC), conocimiento de redes industriales: MODBUS, INDUSTRIAL ETHERNET, y software SCADA (WinCC). Finalmente, se presenta la documentación técnica referente a los dispositivos e instrumentos que ayudaron a hacer posible la solución requerida por el Banco Continental. Junto a ello se muestra la arquitectura general de este proyecto, el cual detalla los procedimientos seguidos para alcanzar el objetivo principal que es el AUTOMATIZAR.

Memoria para optar al título de Periodista / El autor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento

Thesis (degree (Master in Technology))--Cape Technikon, Cape Town,1996 / Red tides are a common feature of the southern Benguela upwelling system and are usually dominated by migratory flagellates and the ciliate Mesodinium rubrum. Seasonal blooms of dinoflagellates occur in response to seasonal upwelling and typically succeed diatom blooms. High biomass, multispecies red tides result from concentration by various physical forces and are characteristically found in warm, stratified, nutrient-depleted water overlying cold, nutrient-rich bottom water. The influence of turbulent mixing, light and the availability of nutrients on the migratory behaviour of red tide species was studied by means of both mesocosm and field studies. The mesocosm experiments were conducted in a 3m laboratory column in which a red tide community, collected from the field, was introduced above nutrient-rich bottom water. All the dominant species exhibited directed vertical migration, with ascent and descent starting before sunrise and before sunset respectively. Observations support the hypothesis that red tide organisms can sustain high concentrations in nitrogen depleted surface waters by growing at the expense of nitrate taken up during nocturnal descent. Vertical niche separation of different red tide species was evident both during the night and the day. Observations support the hypothesis that species are capable of coexisting within a red tide bloom. Division rates were determined from the frequency of paired nuclei and cells. C. furca recorded the highest growth rate (u = 0.24). The relatively low growth rates emphasise the importance of physical processes, as opposed to biological processes, in the formation of red tides within upwelling systems.

In spite of the extreme thinness of the avian pulmonary blood-gas barrier (PBGB), it is remarkably strong. To understand the basis of the remarkable strength of the avian PBGB, network of collagen connective tissue that form the lung’s parabronchial fibrous framework and type-IV collagen, a principal component of the basement membrane was investigated in the BGB and in the epithelial-epithelial contacts between the air capillaries in the domestic fowl, Gallus gallus variant domesticus. Techniques of discriminatory staining, selective alkali digestion, vascular casting followed by alkali digestion and immunoelectron microscopy were used. Abundant collagen fibers of the interparabronchial septa, which form part of the tunica adventitia of the interparbronchial vessels, firmly interconnect adjacent parabronchi directly and indirectly (via intraparabronchial vessels). Peripherally, the intraparabronchial artery, with its tunic of collagen fibers, enters and penetrates the exchange tissue mantle. The collagen fibers around the vessel decrease in quantity as it divides into blood capillaries. From the luminal side, the projection of the parabronchial lumen into the exchange tissue mantle as the atria, the infundibulae and the air capillaries, in this order, carry collagen covering which reduces in quantity with each division. The three-dimensional interactions between blood capillaries from the peripheral part and air capillaries from the central lumen allow contact formation between blood capillaries, air capillaries and between air- and blood capillaries. Collagen fiber continuum starting from the interparabronchial septa runs through the exchange tissue by following the three contacts sites and terminates at the parabronchial lumen. At the periphery, the collagen fibers constitute a conspicuous bundle. Within the exchange tissue mantle, the collagen forms diffuse complex interconnections of thin fibers. Towards the parabronchial lumen and within interatrial septa, the thinner collagen fibers of the exchange tissue mantle aggregate to form thick bundles which bind to the connective tissues surrounding the parabronchial muscles. Based on the structural arrangements and function of the smooth muscle, the collagen- and the elastic tissue fibers, and structures like the interparabronchial septa and their associated blood vessels, it was envisaged that: dynamic- tension and compressive forces exist in a parabronchus to form a tensegrity (tension integrity) system. The tensegrity arrangement imparts rigidity to a parabronchus while strengthening the air and the blood capillaries. Mechanical interdependence between parabronchi and between air- and blood capillaries allows efficient transmission and redistribution of tension. The tortuous course of the collagen fiber continuum that follows the three-dimensional intertwining of the gas exchange units- from septa to the lumen- ensures that tension does not travel a straight course and as such, any extrinsic or intrinsic force applied to the structure is transmitted away from the point of origin. Graded exercise intensities and perfusion at different pressures on the integrity of the BGB were used to determine the condition under which the blood-gas barrier in the avian lungs fails. Number of red blood cells and protein concentration in the harvested lung lavage fluid were estimated in the exercised chickens. For histological analysis, numbers of epithelial-epithelial (E-E) breaks and blood-gas barrier (BGB) breaks were counted in each of the four vascular regions of the lung in both the exercised and the perfused lungs. Post exercise blood lactate analysis showed a 4-fold increase between rest and maximal exercise (2.95 m/s) while the numbers of red blood cells and protein concentration increased steadily with increasing exercise intensity, however, the degree of increments appeared to decrease at higher workloads. The two kinds of breaks occurred at all levels of exercise and in the resting birds but at any exercise intensity, there were more E-E breaks than BGB breaks. The numbers of breaks increased with increasing exercise intensity and the difference between the two types of breaks decreased with increasing exercise intensity. In resting birds, there were no breaks in the area of the lung supplied by the cranial branch of the PA. In the exercised birds, differences in number of blood-gas barrier breaks among the four vascular territories only occurred at 0.66 m/s where the lowest and highest counts occurred in the cranial- and caudomedial regions respectively, whereas at all other levels of exercise, the numbers of breaks were comparable. Presence of red blood cells in the lungs of resting birds indicated that failure of the blood-gas barrier might be a common but inconsequential event in the avian lung. A positive linear relationship exists between the perfusion pressure and the numbers of both E-E and blood-gas barrier breaks. At all perfusion pressures, there are more E-E breaks than BGB breaks. The difference between the two types of breaks decreased with increasing pressure. At any perfusion pressure, more breaks occurred in the regions supplied by the accessory- and caudomedial branches of the PA than in the regions supplied by the cranial- and the caudomedial ones. This could be because the pressures in the two blood vessels may be higher since the caudomedial branch is the most direct continuation of the PA while the accessory branch is the narrowest and the first to originate from the PA. Because of the extreme thinness of the blood-gas barrier and unavoidable puncturing of air sac when the thorax is accessed to cannulate the pulmonary vessels, the exact pressure at which the BGB fails could not be ascertained since both types of failure occurred at all perfusion pressures. However, separation of the epithelial-epithelial contacts, caused by distension of the blood capillaries, started appearing at the perfusion pressure of 2.89kPa. This may represent the pressure at which the blood-gas barrier starts to fail.

Man Wing Kai Vitus. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 1997-98, design report." / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-101). / Chapter 1. --- SYNOPSIS / Chapter 2. --- PROJECT INITIATION / Chapter 2.1 --- Social Need / Chapter 2.2 --- Political Need / Chapter 2.3 --- Financial Need / Chapter 2.4 --- Functional Need / Chapter 2.5 --- Territory Planning Need / Chapter 2.6 --- Initiation / Chapter 3. --- PROJECT NATURE / Chapter 3.1 --- Client Profile / Chapter 3.2 --- Existing Problems / Chapter 3.3 --- Mission / Chapter 4. --- SITE STUDY / Chapter 4.1 --- Selection Criteria / Chapter 4.2 --- Site Option I / Chapter 4.3 --- Site Option II / Chapter 4.4 --- Site Option III / Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusion / Chapter 4.6 --- Detail Site Study / Chapter 5. --- PROJECT VISION / Chapter 5.1 --- Role of Headquarters / Chapter 5.2 --- Target Users / Chapter 5.3 --- Architectural Objectives / Chapter 6. --- DESIGN GOALS / Chapter 6.1 --- Design Strategies / Chapter 6.2 --- Performance Requirements / Chapter 7. --- SCHEDULE OF ACCOMMODATION / Chapter 7.1 --- Provision of Spaces / Chapter 7.2 --- Spaces Schedule / Chapter 7.3 --- Spatial Relationship / Chapter 7.4 --- Spaces Requirements / Chapter 8. --- DESIGN PROCESS / Chapter 8.1 --- Design Approach / Chapter 8.2 --- Urban Scale / Chapter 8.3 --- Contextual Scale / Chapter 8.4 --- Building Scale / Chapter 9. --- FINAL PROJECT / Chapter 10. --- APPENDICES / Chapter I --- Final Presentation / Chapter II --- Questionnaire and Result / Chapter III --- Precedent Studies / Chapter 11. --- BIBLIOGRAPHY