<p>Free2Move AB is developing products for the market within wireless communication</p><p>and identification, among those active RFID-tags. The company had an idea about</p><p>providing one of their active RFID tags with a GPS receiver and transmit positions via</p><p>an existing RFID protocol. Desire from the company was also the possibility to log</p><p>positions and measure temperature. The finished prototype should also be able to be</p><p>activated by movement. The company had proposal about components that were to be</p><p>used in the project. A large part of the work was to understand how these worked and</p><p>how to combine them to fulfill the requirements established in agreement with</p><p>supervisor at Free2Move. A PIC microcontroller was used in the design of the prototype</p><p>and software implemented for communication with GPS, RFID tag and other</p><p>components. The result was a working prototype where an existing RFID tag was</p><p>integrated in the same printed circuit board layout as the GPS receiver and other</p><p>components that were used in the project.</p>

No description available.

<p>Företag inom alla branscher arbetar aktivt med att minska sina kostnader genom ökad effektivitet i interna processer, så är även fallet inom daglivarubranschen. Ett sökande efter ny teknik och nya sätt att utveckla branschen står alltid på dagordningen. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) är nästa generations identifieringsteknik för dagligvaruhandeln, det är därför viktigt att tekniken börjar implementeras och användas. Svenska Retursystem är ett företag som tillhandahåller returlådor till den Svenska livsmedelsbranschens aktörer. För att effektivisera användandet av lådorna så har de givit uppdrag om en undersökning om vilka effekter införandet av RFID i deras returlådor skulle ha på användandet. Även identifiering av vilka ekonomiska konsekvenser som skulle uppstå är av intresse. Syftet med uppsatsen är att ta reda på vilka effekter som finns med införandet av RFID i SRS returlådor. Teorin som använts i uppsatsen har varit Johnsson och Mattsons (2005) effektivitetsvariabler som ska utröna om effektiviteten i Supply Chain kan höjas med hjälp av RFID. Studien har genomförts med en inledande litteraturstudie som har följts av intervjuer och observationer. Slutsatsen har varit att de främsta effekterna med RFID skulle vara att det minskar det fysiska och administrativa svinnet, tiden det tar att räkna lådorna skulle elimineras, det administrativa arbetet skulle minska och en högre spårning av lådorna vilket ger i sin tur att högre omsättningshastighet av lådorna skulle vara möjlig.</p>

Företag inom alla branscher arbetar aktivt med att minska sina kostnader genom ökad effektivitet i interna processer, så är även fallet inom daglivarubranschen. Ett sökande efter ny teknik och nya sätt att utveckla branschen står alltid på dagordningen. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) är nästa generations identifieringsteknik för dagligvaruhandeln, det är därför viktigt att tekniken börjar implementeras och användas. Svenska Retursystem är ett företag som tillhandahåller returlådor till den Svenska livsmedelsbranschens aktörer. För att effektivisera användandet av lådorna så har de givit uppdrag om en undersökning om vilka effekter införandet av RFID i deras returlådor skulle ha på användandet. Även identifiering av vilka ekonomiska konsekvenser som skulle uppstå är av intresse. Syftet med uppsatsen är att ta reda på vilka effekter som finns med införandet av RFID i SRS returlådor. Teorin som använts i uppsatsen har varit Johnsson och Mattsons (2005) effektivitetsvariabler som ska utröna om effektiviteten i Supply Chain kan höjas med hjälp av RFID. Studien har genomförts med en inledande litteraturstudie som har följts av intervjuer och observationer. Slutsatsen har varit att de främsta effekterna med RFID skulle vara att det minskar det fysiska och administrativa svinnet, tiden det tar att räkna lådorna skulle elimineras, det administrativa arbetet skulle minska och en högre spårning av lådorna vilket ger i sin tur att högre omsättningshastighet av lådorna skulle vara möjlig.

Radio frequency identi cation (RFID) is a rapidly emerging technology that enables au- tomatic remote identi cation of objects. Passive and semi-passive RFID systems can be distinguished from other forms of wireless systems, because the RFID tags (transponders) communicate by way of backscatter. In addition, passive tags derive their energy from the RF energy emitted by the reader. RFID technology can provide a fully automated data capture and analysis system. Compared to a passive RFID system, an open platform semi-passive UHF RFID tag can provide identi cation, security, low-power (compared to a wireless sensor net- work(WSN)), medium range and medium processing speed. However, the eld of semi- passive RFID is still under development, and has yet there are no open development platforms available. This thesis develops a prototype of a semi-passive UHF RFID tag that is compatible with the leading UHF RFID standard EPCglobal Gen 2 Class 1. I alsot has the exible I2C and analog digital converter(ADC) interface, which allows the additional of external analog and digital sensors. The sensor data can be read by microcontroller and stored at memory. Standard reader can get sensor data by sending QUERY and READ command to tag. Test results of our open platform semi-passive UHF RFID tag demonstrated that it can achieve a read rate above 50% when an open platform semi-passive UHF RFID tag is placed four meters from the reader antenna and the reader output power is set to 21 dBm. In addition, the proposed semi-passive open platform RFID tag consumes very little power (4.9 mA in 2V with system frequency set to 8MHz).

Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) is a wireless communications technology which allows companies to secure their assets and increase the portability of information. This research was motivated by the increased commercial use of RFID technology. Existing security protocols with high levels of security have high computation requirements, and less intensive protocols can allow a tag to be tracked. The techniques proposed in this thesis result in the increase of ciphertexts available without a significant increase in processing power or storage requirements. The addition of random inputs to the generation of ciphertexts will increase the number of possible results without requiring a more advanced encryption algorithm or an increased number of stored encryption keys. Four methods of altering the plaintext/ciphertext pair (random block, set pattern, random pattern, and indexed placement) are analyzed to determine the effectiveness of each method. The number of ciphertexts generated, generation time, and generation errors were recorded to determine which of the four proposed methods would be the most beneficial in a RFID system. The comparison of these method characteristics determined that the set pattern placement method provided the best solution. The thesis also discusses how RFID transmissions appear to attackers and explains how the random inputs reduce effectiveness of current system attacks. In addition to improving the anonymity of RFID tag transmissions, the concept of authenticating random inputs is also introduced in this thesis. These methods help prevent an adversary from easily associating a tag with its transmissions, thus increasing the security of the RFID system.

Radio frequency identi cation (RFID) is a rapidly emerging technology that enables au- tomatic remote identi cation of objects. Passive and semi-passive RFID systems can be distinguished from other forms of wireless systems, because the RFID tags (transponders) communicate by way of backscatter. In addition, passive tags derive their energy from the RF energy emitted by the reader. RFID technology can provide a fully automated data capture and analysis system. Compared to a passive RFID system, an open platform semi-passive UHF RFID tag can provide identi cation, security, low-power (compared to a wireless sensor net- work(WSN)), medium range and medium processing speed. However, the eld of semi- passive RFID is still under development, and has yet there are no open development platforms available. This thesis develops a prototype of a semi-passive UHF RFID tag that is compatible with the leading UHF RFID standard EPCglobal Gen 2 Class 1. I alsot has the exible I2C and analog digital converter(ADC) interface, which allows the additional of external analog and digital sensors. The sensor data can be read by microcontroller and stored at memory. Standard reader can get sensor data by sending QUERY and READ command to tag. Test results of our open platform semi-passive UHF RFID tag demonstrated that it can achieve a read rate above 50% when an open platform semi-passive UHF RFID tag is placed four meters from the reader antenna and the reader output power is set to 21 dBm. In addition, the proposed semi-passive open platform RFID tag consumes very little power (4.9 mA in 2V with system frequency set to 8MHz).

Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) is a wireless communications technology which allows companies to secure their assets and increase the portability of information. This research was motivated by the increased commercial use of RFID technology. Existing security protocols with high levels of security have high computation requirements, and less intensive protocols can allow a tag to be tracked. The techniques proposed in this thesis result in the increase of ciphertexts available without a significant increase in processing power or storage requirements. The addition of random inputs to the generation of ciphertexts will increase the number of possible results without requiring a more advanced encryption algorithm or an increased number of stored encryption keys. Four methods of altering the plaintext/ciphertext pair (random block, set pattern, random pattern, and indexed placement) are analyzed to determine the effectiveness of each method. The number of ciphertexts generated, generation time, and generation errors were recorded to determine which of the four proposed methods would be the most beneficial in a RFID system. The comparison of these method characteristics determined that the set pattern placement method provided the best solution. The thesis also discusses how RFID transmissions appear to attackers and explains how the random inputs reduce effectiveness of current system attacks. In addition to improving the anonymity of RFID tag transmissions, the concept of authenticating random inputs is also introduced in this thesis. These methods help prevent an adversary from easily associating a tag with its transmissions, thus increasing the security of the RFID system.

No description available.

No description available.