[pt] Este trabalho visa proporcionar elementos para uma melhor compreensão da dinâmica de funcionamento do Sistema Nacional de Inovação, com base na investigação detalhada de um programa de mobilização nacional de esforços para a inovação, o Programa de Química Fina para o Combate à Tuberculose - QTROP-TB. Para isso, formula-se, inicialmente, um arcabouço conceitual constituído por um Modelo para Avaliação da Ciência e uma caracterização dos Sistemas de Inovação. Apresenta-se, ainda, um referencial teórico para análise estratégica, compreendendo a definição de estratégias e as diversas maneiras como essas são formadas. Para melhor estruturar a análise, utiliza-se um estudo comparativo dos desenvolvimentos desse Programa e de um bem sucedido empreendimento mobilizador de esforços para inovação, realizado no início deste século, a Iniciativa de Oswaldo Cruz. Faz-se, então, uma caracterização dos contextos das iniciativas analisadas, abrangendo um resumo histórico do desenvolvimento científico no país que conduz à descrição da organização da ciência e tecnologia segundo o Modelo para Avaliação da Ciência. Essa descrição completa- se com um breve delineamento do processo de industrialização brasileiro, culminando com os esboços dos Sistemas de Inovação em que cada uma das iniciativas se insere. Na seqüência,analisam-se as estratégias de ambos os empreendimentos focalizados, fazendo-se uma comparação entre os modelos adotados pelo Programa QTROP-TB e pela Iniciativa de Oswaldo Cruz. Dentre as conclusões, destaca- se que uma iniciativa como o Programa QTROP-TB, mesmo partindo da percepção correta da necessidade de coordenar esforços em C e T para melhor apropriar os investimentos feitos em P e D pela sociedade, pode fracassar devido a falhas no modelo adotado para integrar universidades, empresas, governo e sociedade civil, à escolha do foco mobilizador das ações a serem coordenadas, à inadequação, para o tipo de Programa, do processo de planejamento escolhido e a deficiências na implantação e administração do empreendimento. Espera-se que a explicitação desses resultados contribua para uma melhor compreensão do Sistema Nacional de Inovação o que pode levar à melhoria do seu desempenho. / [en] This thesis aims to provide elements to a better comprehension of the National Innovation System functioning dynamics, based upon a detailed investigation of a national mobilization program for innovation - The Fine Chemistry Program to fight against Tuberculosis - QTROP-TB. To this end, it is formulated, at the beginning, a conceptual structure formed by a Model to Science Evaluation and the Innovation Systems concept. It is also shown a theoretical reference to strategic analysis, including strategy definitions and a description of how they are formed. To better structuring the analysis, it is used a comparative investigation between the Program and a well suceed inovative entrepreneurship, at the beginnings of this century, the Oswaldo Cruz Initiative. Then, it is made a characterization of the investigated initiatives contexts including an historical abstract of the scientific development in Brazil. That development has conducted to the science and technology organization found in the country, described according to the Model to Science Evaluation. The characterization is completed with a breef description of the Brazilian industrializing process, culminating with the Innovation Systems representations related to each one of the initiatives. After that, both initiatives strategies are analysed. Between the conclusions, it is observed that the QTROP-TB Program, even though the initial correct perception of the need to coordinate efforts in S and T to better appropriate the investiments made by the society, can fail due to the use of an imperfect model to integrate universities, enterprises, government and civil society, to the actions focus wrong choice, to the planning process and entrepreneurship management inappropriates. It is hoped that these results may contribute to a better comprehension of the National Innovation System what could help its better performance. This thesis aims to provide elements to a better comprehension of the National Innovation System functioning dynamics, based upon a detailed investigation of a national mobilization program for innovation - The Fine Chemistry Program to fight against Tuberculosis - QTROP-TB. To this end, it is formulated, at the beginning, a conceptual structure formed by a Model to Science Evaluation and the Innovation Systems concept. It is also shown a theoretical reference to strategic analysis, including strategy definitions and a description of how they are formed. To better structuring the analysis, it is used a comparative investigation between the Program and a well suceed inovative entrepreneurship, at the beginnings of this century, the Oswaldo Cruz Initiative. Then, it is made a characterization of the investigated initiatives contexts including an historical abstract of the scientific development in Brazil. That development has conducted to the science and technology organization found in the country, described according to the Model to Science Evaluation. The characterization is completed with a breef description of the Brazilian industrializing process, culminating with the Innovation Systems representations related to each one of the initiatives. After that, both initiatives strategies are analysed. Between the conclusions, it is observed that the QTROP-TB Program, even though the initial correct perception of the need to coordinate efforts in S and T to better appropriate the investiments made by the society, can fail due to the use of an imperfect model to integrate universities, enterprises, government and civil society, to the actions focus wrong choice, to the planning process and entrepreneurship management inappropriates. It is hoped that these results may contribute to a better comprehension of the National Innovation System what could help its better performance. This thesis aims to provide elements to a better comprehension of the National Innovation System functioning dynamics, based upon a detailed investigation