Occupational safety is gaining a higher profile across all sectors of the United Kingdom's economy. This is largely a result of developments in legislation, increased indemnity insurance and the successful promotion of safety practice through the work of the Health and Safety Executive and the writings of health and safety professionals. This thesis has been undertaken to develop a dynamic simulation model of occupational safety strategy using system dynamics and empirically test it in an industrial setting. The work also seeks to capture a measure of the suitability of the occupational safety model as a pedagogic and decision-making aid. The results show that the occupational safety model was successfully developed, tested and evaluated within a firm. A range of alternative scenarios which suggested reductions in accidents at work and the costs of running a safety management system were predicted by the model. The relevant managers of the industrial enterprise were able to appreciate the model's capability for acting as an instruction tool to improve safety in the workplace. They were also able to judge the usefulness of the model for reducing occupational accidents and their related costs.

Fault tree analysis, FTA, is one of the most commonly used techniques for safety system assessment. Over the past five years the Binary Decision Diagram (BDD) methodology has been introduced which significantly aids the analysis of the fault tree diagram. The approach has been shown to improve both the efficiency of determining the minimal cut sets of the fault tree, and also the accuracy of the calculation procedure used to quantifY the top event parameters. To utilise the BDD technique the fault tree structure needs to be converted into the BDD format. Converting the fault tree is relatively straightforward but requires the basic events of the tree to be placed in an ordering. The ordering of the basic events is -critical to the resulting size of the BDD, and ultimately affects the performance and benefits of this technique. There are a number of variable ordering heuristics in the literature, however the performance of each depends on the tree structure being analysed. These heuristic approaches do not always yield a minimal BDD structure for all trees, some approaches generate orderings that are better for some trees but worse for others. Within this thesis three pattern recognition approaches, that of machine learning classifier systems, multi-layer perceptron networks and radial basis function neural networks, have been investigated to try and select a variable ordering heuristic for a given fault tree from a set of alternatives. In addition a completely new heuristic based on component structural importance measures has been suggested with significant improvement in producing the smallest BDD over those methods currently in the literature.

Detta är en rapportering av ett examinationsprojekt inom högskoleingenjörsprogrammet i innovationsteknik och design. Uppdragsgivaren och projektbeställaren var Stefan Bäckström, VD för Roofac AB. Syftet med projektet var att göra en förundersökning om möjligheten att applicera RSS (Roof Safety Systems) fallskyddssystem på tak med fotrännor genom en tillbehörsprodukt. Denna förundersökning skulle därmed leda till en kunskapsbank och material som skulle kunna vara till nytta för vidare utvecklingsarbete av tillbehörsprodukten. Syftet var också att göra en bedömning kring potentialen att erhålla en prototyp som är tillräckligt bra att användas som en tillbehörsprodukt. Metoden att uppfylla syftet med projektet och uppnå de uppsatta målen har varit att använda PU-processen som har präglats i utbildningens olika projektarbeten. I planeringen av projektet har verktyg som WBS, PERT-schema, Gant-schema och projektmodell använts för att strukturera projektet. I förstudien har research, användarundersökning och analyser utförts för att samla kunskap och underlag till konceptframtagningsarbetet. Analyserna resulterade i en kravspecifikation som kan användas som ett underlag för utvärdering av genererade koncept. Även en mockup-modell av tak med fotränna har konstruerats för att underlätta testning och utvärdering av fysiska koncept-prototyper. Konceptframtagningsarbetet har utgjorts av idégenerering, konceptgenerering och konceptutvärdering. Idégenereringen baserades på tre idégenereringssessioner, en med ett gäng studenter, en med produktutvecklingsingenjörer på Semcon i Karlstad och en med uppdragsgivaren och kollega på Roofac. Utifrån idéerna genererades sedan CAD-modeller som användes till att generera koncept. Koncepten utvärderades sedan med hjälp av för- och nackdelslista och matris. Resultatet av utvärderingen blev tre slutgiltiga koncept. För att uppnå målet med att leverera en fysisk modell/prototyp att använda som uppvisningsmaterial under utställningen av projektet, avgränsades prototypframtagnings- och testningsarbetet med att gå vidare med den lämpligaste av de tre slutgiltiga koncepten. Från prototypframtagningen och testningen erhölls en fysisk modell av det koncept som valdes att gå vidare med efter konceptframtagningen. Denna modell användes tillsammans med en mockup-modell vid utställningen av projektet. Baserat på resultatet från förstudien, konceptframtagningen, prototypframtagningen samt mockupbygget har en kunskapsbank samt material erhållits att kunna använda i vidare arbeten. Utifrån detta anses därför att syftet med projektet vara uppfyllt.

O Irradiador Multipropósito de Cobalto-60 é uma unidade construída no Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, órgão da Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear. Esta instalação utiliza dos efeitos que a radiação gama produz ao interagir com um meio material e suas consequências. A radiação gama emitida pelo radioisótopo cobalto-60 é ionizante, com elevado poder de penetração, que ao interagir com os produtos, inclusive no interior de suas embalagens, transfere sua energia por meio de colisões aos elétrons dos átomos que constituem os produtos. Ao mesmo tempo que este processo de ionização é desejável em função de suas características deletérias aos microrganismos, a exposição indiscriminada às radiações ionizantes pelo ser humano ou animais apresentará danos e em doses elevadas poderão levar a morte. Diante destas circunstâncias, para garantir a segurança, os equipamentos utilizados para irradiação são construídos e operados sob normas rígidas de construção e operação. O sistema de segurança do Irradiador, constituído por um gerenciamento eletrônico de intertravamento de portas e exposição das fontes radioativas, é feito simultaneamente por um controlador lógico programável (CLP) e uma lógica de relés. Todas as informações, obtidas através das entrada e saídas do Irradiador, são monitoradas pelo sistema de segurança e enviadas para um computador com um programa supervisório. O propósito do trabalho foi a construção de uma Unidade Autônoma de Monitoramento, Sinalização e Registro para o Sistema de Segurança do Irradiador Multipropósito de Cobalto-60. O desenvolvimento deste equipamento permitiu o monitoramento e registro de eventos, até mesmo de tempos muito curtos, não detectáveis pelo CLP. Cada evento foi registrado em um cartão de memória, de forma a permitir que estes eventos possam ser posteriormente analisados em qualquer computador, mantendo todo e qualquer histórico de ocorrências. Este é um equipamento de monitoramento totalmente independente, não interferindo no funcionamento do sistema atual já homologado. / The Cobalto-60 Multipurpose Irradiator is a unit built at the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, an agency of the National Nuclear Energy Commission. This installation uses the effects that gamma radiation produces when interacting with a material medium and its consequences. The gamma radiation emitted by the cobalt-60 radioisotope is ionizing, with high penetration power, which when interacting with the products, even inside its packages, transfers its energy by means of collisions to the electrons of the atoms that make up the products. At the same time as this ionization process is desirable because of its deleterious characteristics to the microorganisms, indiscriminate exposure to ionizing radiation by humans or animals will present damages and in high doses could lead to death. In view of these circumstances, to ensure safety, the equipment used for irradiation is constructed and operated under strict construction and operation standards. The safety system of the Irradiator, consisting of an electronic management of door interlocking and exposure of the radioactive sources, is made simultaneously by a programmable logic controller (PLC) and a relay logic. All information, obtained through the inputs and outputs of the Irradiator, is monitored by the security system and sent to a computer with a supervisory program. The purpose of the work was the construction of an Autonomous Monitoring, Signaling and Registration Unit for the Cobalto-60 Multipurpose Irradiance Safety System. The development of this equipment allowed the monitoring and recording of events, even of very short times, not detectable by the CLP. Each event has been recorded on a memory card, so that these events can be later analyzed on any computer, maintaining any history of occurrences. This is a fully independent monitoring equipment, not interfering with the operation of the current system already approved.

Abstract The sustaining management of the enterprise is in addition to increasing productivities and promoting with product quality, should be also based on "Safety". Perfect and systematical management for safe hygiene cannot only improve the industrial safety performance, but also enhance the job-satisfaction. In fact, "person" is just root. Master of management Peter Drucker also point out:"The spirit of the company should be created out by leader". What influence does the different leadership style and effective safety management on the industrial safety performance exactly is the topic of this study. The purpose of this study aims to understand the leadership styles for high-ranking management of each enterprise, the differences under the different background variables, and explore the moderations of leadership style for high-ranking management of each enterprise between industrial safety system and industrial safety performance, job-satisfaction. The scope of the research regard the high-risk industries affirmed by the Industrial Development Bureaus such as steel manufacturing industry, petrochemical industry and chemical industry etc. in Kaohsiung area as the main inquisition object. The valid samples were 88 copies in the aggregate. (Including 30 business units) Through statistic analysis, the major results in the study were as follows: 1. There is a significant positive correlation between industrial safety system, benevolence leadership and the industrial safety performance. The authoritarianism leadership and cognition industrial safety performance have no significant correlation. 2. There is a significant positive correlation between benevolence leadership, industrial safety system and the job-satisfaction. The authoritarianism leadership and job-satisfaction have no significant correlation. 3. The interactive effects between the industrial safety system and benevolence leadership on the industrial safety performance are significant, that means the industrial safety system and the industrial safety performance don¡¦t reveal significant correlation under the interference of benevolence leadership. The benevolence leadership and the industrial safety performance reveal significant positive correlation. In other words, the higher degree benevolence leadership is, and the better industrial safety performance is. 4. The interactive effects between the industrial safety system and authoritarianism leadership on the job-satisfaction are significant, that means the industrial safety system and the job-satisfaction don¡¦t reveal significant correlation under the interference of authoritarianism leadership. The authoritarianism leadership and the job-satisfaction reveal significant negative correlation. In other words, the lower degree authoritarianism leadership is, and the higher job-satisfaction is. So, through the leadership style of the kindness and the management of the participate type, the high-ranking administrators cannot only improve the industrial safety performance effectively by adequate communication and encouragement, but also enhance the employee's job-satisfaction. On the contrary, through the authoritarianism leadership style, the rather strict management and the commending tone, based upon the conclusions of this study, the high-ranking administrators will not improve the industrial safety performance significantly, but reduce the employee's job-satisfactions. There was "authoritarianism " characteristic on most of the high-ranking administrators in the Taiwanese enterprises; they should establish the right leadership style on these grounds to promote organization performance successfully.

Thesis--PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (MSc.(Animal Science))--University of Pretoria, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references.

O Irradiador Multipropósito de Cobalto-60 é uma unidade construída no Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, órgão da Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear. Esta instalação utiliza dos efeitos que a radiação gama produz ao interagir com um meio material e suas consequências. A radiação gama emitida pelo radioisótopo cobalto-60 é ionizante, com elevado poder de penetração, que ao interagir com os produtos, inclusive no interior de suas embalagens, transfere sua energia por meio de colisões aos elétrons dos átomos que constituem os produtos. Ao mesmo tempo que este processo de ionização é desejável em função de suas características deletérias aos microrganismos, a exposição indiscriminada às radiações ionizantes pelo ser humano ou animais apresentará danos e em doses elevadas poderão levar a morte. Diante destas circunstâncias, para garantir a segurança, os equipamentos utilizados para irradiação são construídos e operados sob normas rígidas de construção e operação. O sistema de segurança do Irradiador, constituído por um gerenciamento eletrônico de intertravamento de portas e exposição das fontes radioativas, é feito simultaneamente por um controlador lógico programável (CLP) e uma lógica de relés. Todas as informações, obtidas através das entrada e saídas do Irradiador, são monitoradas pelo sistema de segurança e enviadas para um computador com um programa supervisório. O propósito do trabalho foi a construção de uma Unidade Autônoma de Monitoramento, Sinalização e Registro para o Sistema de Segurança do Irradiador Multipropósito de Cobalto-60. O desenvolvimento deste equipamento permitiu o monitoramento e registro de eventos, até mesmo de tempos muito curtos, não detectáveis pelo CLP. Cada evento foi registrado em um cartão de memória, de forma a permitir que estes eventos possam ser posteriormente analisados em qualquer computador, mantendo todo e qualquer histórico de ocorrências. Este é um equipamento de monitoramento totalmente independente, não interferindo no funcionamento do sistema atual já homologado. / The Cobalto-60 Multipurpose Irradiator is a unit built at the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, an agency of the National Nuclear Energy Commission. This installation uses the effects that gamma radiation produces when interacting with a material medium and its consequences. The gamma radiation emitted by the cobalt-60 radioisotope is ionizing, with high penetration power, which when interacting with the products, even inside its packages, transfers its energy by means of collisions to the electrons of the atoms that make up the products. At the same time as this ionization process is desirable because of its deleterious characteristics to the microorganisms, indiscriminate exposure to ionizing radiation by humans or animals will present damages and in high doses could lead to death. In view of these circumstances, to ensure safety, the equipment used for irradiation is constructed and operated under strict construction and operation standards. The safety system of the Irradiator, consisting of an electronic management of door interlocking and exposure of the radioactive sources, is made simultaneously by a programmable logic controller (PLC) and a relay logic. All information, obtained through the inputs and outputs of the Irradiator, is monitored by the security system and sent to a computer with a supervisory program. The purpose of the work was the construction of an Autonomous Monitoring, Signaling and Registration Unit for the Cobalto-60 Multipurpose Irradiance Safety System. The development of this equipment allowed the monitoring and recording of events, even of very short times, not detectable by the CLP. Each event has been recorded on a memory card, so that these events can be later analyzed on any computer, maintaining any history of occurrences. This is a fully independent monitoring equipment, not interfering with the operation of the current system already approved.

Thesis (MPhilAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Not only have non-trade barriers been applied in Europe and the US to agricultural products from developing countries, but protective policy is also likely to continue. Owing to the omission of fish from the discussions in the final round of agreement at Uruguay, where tariffs were significantly reduced for other agricultural products, the fish industry has not had any non tarriff barier relief in recent years. The failure of the November 1999 World Trade Organisation Meeting at Seattle to reach any agreement, has again shattered hopes of international relief for fishery products. The main assumption underlying the study was that the production of fish in Tanzania could improve significantly if the HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points) principles were applied rigorously. It was believed that neither the prerequisite programmes, nor HACCP principles were probably applied as stringently as international standards require. The aim of the study was to review the literature on HACCP, programmes that are prerequisite for HACCP and factors that_ determine competitiveness in business and to examine the Tanzanian Nile perch industry against this background. The overall goal was to determine how the industry could become more internationally competitive. This was achieved by comparing the socio-economic reality of Tanzania with factors that are considered in the literature to affect competitiveness in general and in the fish industry specifically. To achieve the first of these aims, Tanzania's socioeconomic position as a developing country was examined. To achieve the latter, the commitment of fish processing factories to the application of HACCP principles and their compliance with prerequisite programmes were evaluated in a field study. The literature study confirms that HACCP has received international recognition in the fish industry as a factor to prevent hazards and gain competitiveness in the global fish market. However, conditions in Tanzania were shown to be insufficient to support the fisheries sector in attempting to gain such a competitive advantage. Although, Tanzania has the comparative advantage of a fishery resource base, a favourable trade policy and foreign technology and management, the macro-factors that include the infrastructure, human resource capital, foreign policy environment and the supporting industries are not supportive. For the time being, therefore, improvement can only come from the government and from the industry itself. There are several factors to which the government needs to pay attention in order to support this industry - and others - in achieving international success. These include the provision of infrastructure and facilities, the improvement of the transportation network, technological capabilities, human resource capital and the provision of safe water and electric power. However, the fish industry cannot rely on the government alone. The improvement of their product is also dependent on their own efforts. According to the findings of this study, the industry needs to comply with the basic sanitation factors and provide the necessary training to the employees and fish suppliers. Having examined the situation more closely, the assumption is proved to be correct. The fish industry in Tanzania does indeed appear to have the potential to become internationally competitive. Such success, however, will be heavily dependent on cooperation between the government and the industry / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Handelsbeperkinge op landbouproduckte vanaf ontwinkkelende in Europa en die Verenigde State toegepas. Daarbenewens sal beskermende beleidsriglyne waarskynlik in stand gehou word. Bespreking van sake met betrekking to vissery is nie by die finale rondte van ooreenstemming te Uruquay, waar tariewe vir ander landbouproduckte betekenisvol verlaag is, ingesluit nie, en daardeur is daar gedurende die laaste aantal jare geen belastingverligting vir die visindustrie gebied nie. By die World Trase Organisation se vergadering om internasionale verligting vir visproducte te verkry, weereens beskaam. Die hoofveronderstelling wat hierdie studie ondersteun, is dat visproduksie III Tanzanie betekenisvol verbeter kan word indien die can HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points) streng toegepas word. Dit is veronderstel dat nóg die voorvereiste programme, nóg die HACCP-beginsels wat ten opsigte van internasionale standaarde vereis word, streng volgens voorskriftoegepas word. Die doel van die studie was om 'n oorsig van die literatuur oor HACCP, programme wat as HACCP-voorvereistes geld en faktore wat mededingendheid in die besigheidswereld bepaal, te verkry en om die Tanzaniese Nyl-baarsbedryf teen hierdie agterground te ondersoek. Die oorkoepelende doel was om vas te stel hoe die bedryf internasionaal meer mededingend kan word. Dit is gedoen deur middel van vergelyking tussen die sosio-ekonomiese werklikheid van Tanzanië en die faktore wat mededingendheid in die algemeen, volgens die literatuur, en die visbedryf in besonder, affekteer. Om die eeste van hiedie doelstellings te bereik, is die sosio-ekonomies posisie van Tanzanie as 'n ontwikkelende land ondersoek Om die tweede te bereik, is 'n veldstudie uitgevoer om die mate waartoe fabrieke wat vis verwerk daarop ingestel is om HACCP-beginsels toe te pas en hul gewilligheid om die programme wat as voorvereistes dien, na te kom, te evalueer. Die literatuurstudie het bevestig dat HACCP internasionale erkenning geniet as 'n faktor om risikO in de visbedryf uit te skakel en mededingendheid op die wereldmark vir vis te verwerf. Daar is egter bewys dat toetstande in Tanzanie ontoereikend is om die visserysektor in die verwewing van'n mededingende voorsprong te ondersteun. Alhoewel Tanzanië oor die relatiewe voordele van vissery as 'n hulpbron, gunstige handelsbeleid en buitelandse tegnologie en bestuur bestik, bied die makrofaktore soos infrastruktuur, kapitaal III die vorm van menslike hulpbronne, die buitelandse beleidsomgewing en die ondersteunende bedrywe nie genoeg ondersteuning nie. Vir die hede, kan ontwikkeling dus slegs deur die regering en die bedryf self bewekstelling word. Daar is verskeie faktore waaraan die regering aandag moet skenk om hierdie bedryf-en ander bedrywe-in die verkryging van internasionale sukses te ondersteun. Sulke faktore omvat die daarstelling van infrastruktuur en fasiliteite, die verbetering van die vervoernetwerk, tegnologiese vermoens en menslike hulpbronkapitaal, en voorsiening van onbesmette water en elektriese krag. Die visbedryf kan egter nie net op die regering steun nie. Die verbetering van die product is van die bedryf self afhanklik. Die bevindings van hierdie studie dui daarop dat die bedryf die basiese faktore betreffende sanitêre beginsels moet onderhoue en die vereiste opleiding aan diensnemers moet verskaf. By die nadere ondersoek van die situasie is die oorspronklike veronderstelling korrek bewys. Die visbedryf in Tanzanië beskik oor die potensiaal om internasionaal medengend te word. Sodanige sukses sal egter uiters afhanklik wees van samewerking tussen die regering en die bedryf.

In South Africa there is a need within the milling industry for controlling food safety especially due to customer's demands and government's regulations. The best way to ensure food safety is with the implementation of a HACCP based food safety system. Therefore, the principal aim of this study was to develop a generic HACCP model for the flour milling industry. Afterwards this generic model can then be adapted for each specific mill and its needs.