The Jurassic Quiet Zone (JQZ) is a region of low amplitude, difficult-to-correlate magnetic anomalies located over Jurassic oceanic crust. We collected 1200 km of new deep-tow magnetic anomaly profiles over the Pacific JQZ that complement 2 deep-tow profiles reported in Sager et al. (1998). Our primary goals were to extend the correlation of deep-tow magnetic anomalies farther back in time, to evaluate the correlatability and repeatability of anomalies, and to refine the Jurassic geomagnetic polarity reversal time scale (GPTS). Correlations of anomalies were excellent over M34 and over supposedly older seafloor to the south of ODP Site 801. In contrast, the correlation in the region between M34 and Site 801 was difficult. Using anomaly correlation models, we made magnetic polarity block models to establish a revised Jurassic GPTS extending until 169.4 Ma. Age calibration was accomplished with radiometric dates from two ODP holes. Systematic changes in anomaly amplitudes occur along the survey lines with the amplitudes decreasing backward in time and then increasing again in the oldest part of survey area. The zone of the most difficult to correlate anomalies corresponds to a period of ~4 m.y. that appears to have an abrupt end. This low amplitude zone suggests unusual magnetic behavior during the Jurassic. It has been said that many of the larger anomalies are likely caused by changes in polarity, whereas smaller anomalies may be intensity fluctuations. Although it is impossible to identify which anomalies are caused by reversals and which are not, magnetization structures observed in ODP Hole 801C suggest that many of the smallest anomalies, particularly around Hole 801C indicate polarity reversals. We concluded that (1) the new data demonstrates repeatability and correlatability of the JQZ magnetic anomalies implying that they are seafloor spreading lineations and (2) good correlations made new GPTS models extending back to 169.4 Ma; and (3) the origin of the JQZ may be a combination of rapid polarity reversals in the Jurassic low magnetic dipole field and closely spaced, tilted magnetization structure in the oceanic crust.

The transient two-dimensional thermocapillary convection and molten pool shape in melting or welding with a time-dependent and distributed incident flux are numerically predicted in this study. Determination of the molten pool shapes is crucial, because of its close relationships with the strength, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the fusion zone. In the work, the time-dependent incident flux is assumed to be a function of scanning speed and energy distribution parameter. Transport processes at the time corresponding to the maximum cross section can be identical to those under steady three-dimensional condition. The computed flow patterns and molten pool shapes under the flat free surface exhibits distinct regions for different Marangoni and Prandtl numbers. The effects of Peclet number and beam power on flow and temperature fields and fusion zone shapes are also presented. The computed results are confirmed by comparing the predicted peak speed on the free surface and molten pool width with those obtained from scale analysis provided in the literature.

ABSTRACT The HEMS system has been gaining global attention due to its huge potential for home application in conserving energy. It is the goal of this research to study to analyze: 1. The Intelligent Operational Strategies under local Weather Conditions 2. Full-scale Experimental Investigation of the HEMS system, including the HVAC and Lighting Controls 3. Energy Savings Effect of each HEMS strategy developed and its Economic Feasibility The experimental result indicated that the HEMS system can be established efficiently in applying: For Air-conditioning Systems: Intermittent Ac PMV-assisted AC Mode DSM-controlled AC mode Predictive Control AC Mode Free-cooling Mode, and For Lighting Systems : Lighting on Demand Mode Task Lighting Sequential Control Lighting Daylighting Humane-sensored Lighting The experimental result indicated that over 30% energy savings can be experienced with huge potential for wide engineering applications.

The analysis of the large-scale international multi-sports event and city development¡Ðtaking the 2009 World Games pre-events as examples. Since winning the right to host the 2009 World Games in June 2004, Taiwan has been making numerous preparations for the big event. During the preparation period, intense preparations and the support of human resource as well as material resource are essential. However, Taiwan is currently lacking of experienced organizations on hosting large-scale international sports events and un-unified affair right. The promotion of the central policy rarely takes into account the diverse local public opinion over an extended period of time, which causes the inappropriate resource allocation for local development. The preparation is full of difficulties because the central and local resources could not bring out the full beneficial result. This research aims to analyze the 2009 World Games pre-events by using the data and literature review analysis. It does not only improve the hardware and software of city¡¦s structure. It also offers the opportunity for citizens to interact with various cultures. The most important thing is increasing the centripetal force of the people in a short time and promoting Taiwan into the international stage. The key factor is the marketing tactics brought out by the sports event, which expresses concretely the cultural integration, united harmony and state consciousness of Taiwan. The marketing tactics brought out by sports event pushes the rapid development of the city appearance, creative and artistic livelihood, and sustainable environment and tourism industries. We hope to drive the economic development by hosting large-scale sports event. Our goal is to promote the city and show the vitality of entire city. The global participative sports event will bring the long-term benefit for the city economy. Kaohsiung should work harder in the future, striving actively for the right to host international event which helps internationalize the city, expand commercial possibilities, and gain people recognition.

<p>Visual motion carries information about the dynamics of ascene. Automatic interpretation of this information isimportant when designing computer systems forvisualnavigation, surveillance, human-computer interaction, browsingof video databases and other growing applications.</p><p>In this thesis, we address the issue of motionrepresentation for the purpose of detecting and recognizingmotion patterns in video sequences. We localize the motion inspace and time and propose to use local spatio-temporal imagefeatures as primitives when representing and recognizingmotions. To detect such features, we propose to maximize ameasure of local variation of the image function over space andtime and show that such a method detects meaningful events inimage sequences. Due to its local nature, the proposed methodavoids the in.uence of global variations in the scene andovercomes the need for spatial segmentation and tracking priorto motion recognition. These properties are shown to be highlyuseful when recognizing human actions in complexscen es.</p><p>Variations in scale and in relative motions of the cameramay strongly in.uence the structure of image sequences andtherefore the performance of recognition schemes. To addressthis problem, we develop a theory of local spatio-temporaladaptation and show that this approach provides invariance whenanalyzing image sequences under scaling and velocitytransformations. To obtain discriminative representations ofmotion patterns, we also develop several types of motiondescriptors and use them for classifying and matching localfeatures in image sequences. An extensive evaluation of thisapproach is performed and results in the context of the problemof human action recognition are presented. I</p><p>n summary, this thesis provides the following contributions:(i) it introduces the notion of local features in space-timeand demonstrates the successful application of such featuresfor motion interpretation; (ii) it presents a theory and anevaluation of methods for local adaptation with respect toscale and velocity transformations in image sequences and (iii)it presents and evaluates a set of local motion descriptors,which in combination with methods for feature detection andfeature adaptation allow for robust recognition of humanactions in complexs cenes with cluttered and non-stationarybackgrounds as well as camera motion.</p>

The rare and elusive wood-living beetle Tragosoma depsarium, once widespread all over Sweden, is associated with large, sun-exposed pine logs required for breeding. Due to modern forestry and fire suppression, this type of substrate has become so rare in the landscape that the beetles’ existence in Sweden is threatened. Recently, the female sex pheromone of this species was synthesised, providing a new method to monitor beetle populations using pheromone traps. Such a method was used in the current study to relate the presence-absence of T. depsarium with different landscape variables at different scales; 100, 500, 1000 and 2000 meters, respectively. The occurrence of T. depsarium in Östergötland County was associated with the amount of protected areas and clear-cuts at 500 and 1000 meters, respectively. Additionally, the amount of pine forest within 2000 m from the trap showed a weak, positive effect on the number of beetles. In the whole south-east boreo-nemoral zone of Sweden, a positive correlation between beetle occurrence and protected areas were found at 2000 m together with a negative correlation for volume pine wood within 100 m. Also, emergence holes on pine logs around each trap were strongly associated with beetle occurrences. To conclude, using pheromone traps were an easy way of detecting beetles. Although the number of caught T. depsarium varied greatly over time, the sampling period matched the flight period well. For long-term survival of this beetle, the forests must contain breeding substrates and be opened up through prescribed burning, selective cutting and active forestry.

This project explores how to use concatenated shapes as a way of creating inconstant garment constructions. The process starts wide by both testing chains, stitching and knots. But narrows down along the way to only focus on linked shapes without the use of stitches or glue. Different materials and shapes is tested to find a construction that not only hold together but also gives the user playfulness and the opportunity to easily change their own garment. Various forms were tested to be linked together, such as circle, rectangle, square, but also asymmetrical shapes. A choice was made to only focus on the circle to make the design process as focused as possible. Different ways in how to link the circle was tested, different scales, materials and colours. However did this round shape reach the end of the road and the investiga- tion resulted limited. In order to bring the project forward was the circle put aside. The process continued instead with classic clothing design as the basis for the shapes. This shapes resulted in a better variety and stronger garment reference. It opens up for more ways of concatenating garments and textile opportunities that are not restricted by the technique. Pieces that can be assembled in different ways by the user gives the wearer the opportunity to change the expression without buying a new garment. The pieces are also easier to recycle when there is no seams, zippers or other trimmings.

Pore-scale simulation has become increasingly important in recent years as a tool to understand multiphase flow behavior. Wettability affects aspects of flow such as capillary-pressure saturation curves, residual saturation of each phase, and relative permeability. Simulation of wettability at the pore-scale is still a non-trivial problem, and many different approaches exist to model it. In this work, we implement a variational level set formulation to impose different contact angles at the solid-fluid-fluid contact line for two-phase flow in simple rhomboidal pore geometries, and calculate the maximum mean curvature (equivalently capillary pressure) for each case. We compare our results with a detailed set of analytical and experimental results in a range of pore geometries of varying wettability from Mason and Morrow (1994), and demonstrate the accuracy of this method. While the simulations shown are for relatively simple geometries, the method has the ability to handle arbitrarily complex geometry (such as input from X-ray microtomography imaging). / text

Flow assurance is crucial in the oil industry since it guarantees the success and economic production of hydrocarbon fluid, especially in offshore and deep water oil fields. In fact, the ultimate goal of flow assurance is to maintain flow in the wellbore and pipelines as long as possible. One of the most common challenges in flow assurance is the buildup of solids, such as asphaltene and scale particles. These Solid particles can deposit in the wellbore, flowline, and riser and affect the wellbore performance by reducing the cross section of the pipeline, which eventually results in pipeline blockage. Hence, neglecting the importance of flow assurance problems and failure in thorough understanding of the fluid behavior in the production systems may result in plugged pipeline, production loss, flowline replacement, and early abandonments of the well. As a result, continuous evaluations are needed at the development stage and during the life of reservoirs to predict the potential, the extent, and the severity of the problem to plan for inhibition and remediation jobs. In fact, it is more preferable to prevent flow assurance problems through the designing and operating procedures rather than remediating the problems, which has higher risks of success and higher loss of revenue due to frequent well shut down. As a part of this research, we enhanced the capabilities of our in-house compositional wellbore simulator (UTWELL) to model various production and flow assurance scenarios. Initially, we developed and implemented a robust gas lift model into UTWELL to model artificial lift technique for reservoirs with low pressure. The developed model is able to model both steady state and transient flow along with blackoil and Equation-of-State compositional models. The improved version was successfully validated against a commercial simulator. Then, we applied our dynamic model to track the behavior of asphaltene during gas lift processes and evaluated the risk of asphaltene deposition. Several deposition mechanisms were incorporated to study the transportation, entrainment, and deposition of solid particles in the wellbore. The simulation results illustrated the effect of light gas injection on asphaltene deposition and well performance. Finally, a step by step algorithm is presented for coupling a geochemical package, IPhreeqc, with UTWELL. The developed model is able to model homogenous and heterogeneous, non-isothermal, non-isobaric aqueous phase reactions assuming local equilibrium or kinetic conditions. This tool was then utilized to model scale deposition in the wellbore for various scenarios. In addition, the results showed that integrating IPhreeqc has promise in terms of CPU time compared to the traditional approach of reading and writing the input and output files. / text

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