The aim of the study was to examine if and how the social service and the social welfare secretary provides against threat and violence in the encounter with clients. The study is qualitative and carried out with six semi-structured interviews with social welfare secretaries and participation observations at the social welfare offices in three municipalities. The theoretical starting points used were symbolic interactionism and strange loops. The result shows that social service and social welfare secretaries both use measures to prevent threat and violence to occur. The precautionary measures mainly used by social services are ; looked doors, alarm device, loose objects removes and interview rooms are furnish in purpose for the social welfare secretary to flee the room at urgent need. Measures used by the social welfare secretary where focusing on their manner of behaving in their encounter with clients. Some of the important factors where to act respectful, professional, calmly, honestly and to posses`knowledge. The result also shows that measures such as looked doors, removing loose objects and the use of alarm device might be perceived by clients as insulting, provocative, a feeling of being inferior and losing control of their situation. The study implies that an increased knowledge of if and how the surroundings and the precautionary measures used by social service affect clients. The aim should be to create a more open then closed social service office.

No description available.

The voluntary association is the mediate between society and individuals; it serves as a prime engine for social changes. Therefore, it is very important to find out who the voluntary association participants are. Previous research has focused primarily on demographic attributes of voluntary association participants. In addition to the demographic factors, this study investigates the effects of job characteristics, work-related attitudes, perceptions of social inequality, and resource constrains on the probability of participation. Based on 1996 ¡§ Taiwan Social Change Survey,¡¨ this study uses logistic regression to model the determinants of participation in voluntary associations of more than 2000 respondents. The result shows that job satisfaction is negatively associated with participation rate and job stability has a positive effect on participation. With respect to the perceived causes of social inequality, situational attribution is positively correlated with probability of participation. Finally, respondents with lower family responsibilities and higher income are more likely to participate in voluntary association.

Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio State University, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 218-226).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Birmingham, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 298-347).

Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009. / Thesis Advisor(s): Freeman, Michael. Second Reader: Rothstein, Hy. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 26, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Salinas, violence, gangs, education, unemployment rate, economy, population, housing, police force, prison, rivalry, social service, community involvement, prevention, intervention. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-87). Also available in print.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universiteit Utrecht, 2007. / Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 463-479).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also from UMI Company.

Inaug.-diss.-- Münster in Westfalen. / Lebenslauf. "Literaturverzeichnis": p. vii-xii.

Dissertation--Fachhochschule Potsdam, 2006 / Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-136).