viii, 166 leaves : ill. ; 27 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Physics, 1973

This research examines the problem of urban open space design in the city with an increasing ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and covers aspects of behaviour scenarios, built sunshade design and choice of sunshade plants for landscaping / Thesis (PhDArchitectureandDesign)--University of South Australia, 2001

This research examines the problem of urban open space design in the city with an increasing ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and covers aspects of behaviour scenarios, built sunshade design and choice of sunshade plants for landscaping / Thesis (PhDArchitectureandDesign)--University of South Australia, 2001

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 198-219).

Thesis (M.S.) in Food Science and Human Nutrition--University of Maine, 2001. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55-59).

Orientador: Dinival Martins / Resumo: Neste trabalho, realizou-se um estudo de modelagem da irradiação total que incide sobre uma superfície inclinada, com face voltada para o Equador, e com inclinação de 22,85º, igual a da latitude local. Foram testados 7 modelos, existentes na literatura, utilizando partição diária de energia. Os modelos de Temps & Coulson, Klucher e circunsolar, apresentam os piores desempenhos e não devem ser utilizados na estimativa da irradiação total diária em Botucatu, por outro lado os modelos de Liu & Jordan, Hay, Perez et al. e Reindl et al., são similares entre si, e apresentam boa concordância quando comparados com os dados observacionais, sendo o modelo de Hay ligeiramente superior aos outros. O propósito deste trabalho é obter um modelo que utilize somente a irradiação global medida na superfície horizontal para estimar a irradiação total na superfície inclinada. Para tanto, os modelos de estimativa foram modificados de duas maneiras diferentes. Na primeira, a irradiação difusa foi estimada em função da irradiação global, através do ajuste empírico utilizando a técnica de regressão linear, na forma Kd = f (Kt) , fração da difusa contida na global (Kd ), com o índice de claridade (Kt ), nesse caso, o melhor ajuste é dado por um polinômio de 4º grau Kd = 0,993 + 0,178Kt - 0,945Kt2 - 4,712Kt3 + 4,891Kt4 . Na Segunda modificação, a irradiação direta KBH , fração da irradiação direta contida na irradiação global, foi ajustada através da técnica de regressão linear, em função do índice de claridade, na forma KBH = f (Kt ) , nesse caso o melhor ajuste foi linear, obtido para intervalos específicos de Kt , KBH = 0 para Kt £ 0,25 , e KBH = -0,386 +1,572Kt para Kt >0,25. Os resultados obtidos com essas modificações mostram que os modelos têm melhores... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: A modelling study of the total irradiation reaching a tilted surface facing towards the equator at tilt same of local latitude of 22,85º,, is presented. In this study seven total irradiation incident on a tilted surface estimate models were tested and compared among them, using the daily partitioning energy. Temps & Coulson, Klucher and circumsolar models showed very poor results, and it is suggested that they should not be used to estimate the daily total irradiation for the Botucatu region. On the other hand the Liu & Jordan, Hay, Perez et al. and Reindl et al. models have shown similar performance and presented a good agreement with the observational data. The Hay model however produced better irradiation estimates. The aim of this study is examine and improved irradiation estimative model for tilted surface knowing only the global irradiation measured at horizontal surface. In order to achieve this, two modifications were made on those models mentioned above. The first modification consisted to apply empirical functions to determine the diffuse irradiation by the global radiation measurements. These empirical functions were tuned using the regression linear thecnique, the fraction of the diffuse irradiation (Kd ) from the global irradiation, was correlationed with the clearness index (Kt ). In this case the highest correlation found was, Kd = 0,993 + 0,178Kt - 0,945Kt2 - 4,712Kt3 + 4,891Kt4 a fourth order polynomial function. In the second modification the fraction of the direct irradiation KBH from the global irradiation was correlationed assuming a linear correlation at given intervals of Kt : KBH = 0 for Kt £ 0,25 , and KBH = -0,386 + 1,572Kt for Kt >0,25 otherwise. Model results showed the empirical relationship KBH = f (Kt ) , present better results and the Hay model presented a better performance compared with others models for the... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below) / Doutor

M.Ing. / The focus of the document is the development and use of an algorithm that controls a heliostat, and the high level design of that heliostat. The heliostat is only controlled by the algorithm and had a specified accuracy requirement equal to or better than 0.5 degrees. The algorithm uses the elevation and azimuth angle of sun calculated to an accuracy of 0.0003 degrees as input. The algorithm positions the heliostat to ensure a continuous reflection of sunlight into a predetermined direction for the purpose of indoor illumination. The position of the sunlight reflected into the predetermined direction is marked on a vertical grid-board placed orthogonal to the intended reflection direction. Ideally the sunlight positions marked throughout the day will all be in one location. The reflected sunlight deviated from the intended direction by only 0.28 degrees.

This thesis presents laboratory and field studies into the effects of solar radiation on the thermal comfort of vehicle occupants. Whilst, thermal comfort has been widely studied in built environments, there have been relatively few studies into thermal comfort in vehicles. Those studies that have been conducted have noted that the effect of solar radiation is considerable in these confined microclimates. The aim of this thesis was to provide baseline data for the effects of solar radiation on thermal sensation and determine how this information can be integrated to provide a method for the assessment of vehicle thermal comfort. This was achieved using a specially constructed whole body solar chamber in a series of four laboratory studies looking at different aspects of solar radiation on human thermal comfort and an extensive field trial conducted in Seville, Spain. The laboratory studies were as follows:- 1, The effect of the intensity of direct simulated solar radiation on human thermal responses. Eight male subjects were exposed to 4 different intensity solar radiation conditions. Physiological and psychological measurements were taken. It was established that a mean response to 200 Wm"2 of direct simulated solar radiation will give a thermal sensation shift of one positive scale point. 2, The effect of the spectral content of simulated solar radiation on human thermal responses. Eight male subjects were exposed to 4 different spectral radiation conditions, with the same total radiation intensity, 400 wm·2 • There was found to be no significant difference in the thermal sensation responses due to spectra. 3, The effects of glazing type on human thermal comfort responses. Eight male subjects were exposed to 4 different automotive glazings, with a fixed external solar radiation level of 1000 wm·2 • The spectral qualities of glazing can significantly effect human thermal comfort. The lower the transmission of visible radiation through the glazing, the lower the thermal sensation felt by subject in a neutral environment. 4, The effect of direct short wavelength and long wavelength radiation on human thermal comfort. Nine male subjects were exposed to short wavelength, long wavelength and combined short and long wavelength radiation. For the conditions investigated it was established that the addition of reradiation from internal components has an effect on thermal sensation when combined with direct solar radiation. However, it is not considered that it will be a major factor in a real world situation, as dashboards generally do not maintain high surface temperatures in vehicles without high air temperatures. Using the data collected in the laboratory studies a predictive model, PMV sotu, was developed which integrated directed solar radiation into an existing thermal comfort model (PMV) in the form of a factor, Rsolar· Rsolar is a correction factor for the addition of short wavelength radiation which converts actual measured solar radiation to a thermal sensation scale adjustment The PMV solar model was validated with other models in field trials conducted in Seville, Spain. Four male subjects, undertook a series of 32, one hour long experiments over 8 days, whilst travelling on a Spanish highway. Environmental, physiological and psychological measurements were taken throughout the experiments to provide data for validation of THE PMV solar model. The assessment of human thermal comfort in vehicles is complex. Variation in environmental parameters in terms of both spatial and temporal changes, make accurate prediction of thermal comfort difficult. However, the PMV solar model provides an improved level of prediction of the state of thermal comfort of the vehicle occupants, in environments which have a high solar radiation level over existing thermal indices.

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