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Includes bibliographical references. / No detailed investigation has been previously made of the legal status, administration, history, management, finances, and conservation status of a show cave in South Africa. This study, using archival sources and field work, makes a thorough assessment of Cango Cave, a well-known show cave in the Swartberg foothills north of Oudtshoorn in the Cape Province of South Africa. Repeated field trips to Cange Cave and to other caves in the area have confirmed the environmental deterioration of Cango Cave and its surroundings. This study has shown that such deterioration has been caused by human pressures on a non-renewable resource. Reading of the extensive Government and other archives, supplemented by newspaper and other published material, has for the first time enabled the scientific, administrative and financial history of the Cave to be available in one document. Analysis of this assembled evidence, augmented by reading between the lines where the evidence is occasionally missing, has shown the reasons for the failure of successive Cave managements during the past two centuries to operate on a conservation basis. This failure to conserve Cango Cave has occurred despite the avowed policy of every political master of the Cape since 1820 that the Cave is a national asset which shall be conserved. The thesis commences with a description of the location and topography of Cango Cave, followed by a review of cave conservation literature and a summary of the published information on the Cave. There follows a detailed account of the discovery and development of the Cave from 1780 until 1992, and an assessment of its financial status. The impact of humans on the Cave, and its conservation status, are examined in detail. The above data are then discussed at length, and the reasons for the present unsatisfactory management structure identified. Having demonstrated the past and present management failures at Cango Cave, recommendations are made for better management structures and for the necessary applied research. Such research will provide the information which is essential for the future management of Cango Cave on a conservation basis.

Bibliography: leaves 305-324. / The thesis examines the theory of the determinants and welfare impact of foreign direct investment on host countries, concluding that resource transfer effects are not necessarily beneficial in certain circumstances. The distribution and penetration of foreign direct investment in the South African economy is analysed in the context of the debate about dependency and the role of technology in economic development. It is concluded that given the small amounts of fixed capital actually transferred to South Africa and the negative basic transfer which has occurred since the war, the role of technology in the economic development of South Africa has been crucial. It is argued that despite the relatively low level of foreign direct investment penetration in south Africa, efforts to reduce this penetration are hampered by continuing high dependence on foreign technology, which reflects the ~ay in which the international technology market works. The conclusion is that this dependence can only be reduced by assimilating and copying foreign technology, which should, if necessary, be purchased separately from capital, especially if foreign investors are reluctant to risk fixed investment in the New South Africa. The statistical sources used are official South African Reserve Bank figures for capital flows and stocks, a data base constructed by the author from the Bureau of Market Research's unpublished industrial register and the results of a questionnaire administered to a stratified random sample of local and foreign manufacturing firms in South Africa.

Bibliography: leaves 237-252. / The purpose of the present study was to make suggestions for an appropriate community psychology practice in South Africa, and to explore the implications for the training of psychologists within this context. In order to develop these proposals an understanding of the South African social context and the location of psychology in that context was sought. In addition it was considered necessary to gain an overview of the community psychology approach in other contexts. Thereafter an exploration of the views of various people on an appropriate role for the psychologist in the broader socio-political arena in South Africa was conducted. These included key community psychologists in other contexts, psychologists in South Africa, psychology students, members of other social sciences, members of the public, and community organizers. An exploration of theoretical issues and relationships fundamental to a community psychology was then pursued, using a Critical perspective as a basis. Based on all of the above and direct experience of working and teaching within a community psychology framework in South Africa, suggestions for practice and training were offered.

Includes bibliographical references. / South African social relations in the second decade of democracy remain framed by race. Spatial and social lived realities, the continued importance of belonging - to feel part of a community, mean that identifying as 'coloured' in South Africa continues to be contested, fluid and often ambiguous. This thesis considers the changing social location of 'coloured' teachers through the narratives of former and current teachers and students. Education is used as a site through which to explore the wider social impacts of social and spatial engineering during and subsequent to apartheid. Two key themes are examined in the space of education, those of racial identity and of respect. These are brought together in an interwoven narrative to consider whether or not 'coloured' teachers in the post-apartheid period are respected and the historical trajectories leading to the contemporary situation. Two main concerns are addressed. The first considers the question of racial identification to constructions of self-identity. Working with post-colonial theory and notions of mimicry and ambivalence, the relationship between teachers and the identifier 'coloured' is shown to be problematic and contested. Second, and connected to teachers' engagement with racialised identities, is the notion of respect. As with claims to identity and racial categorisation, the concept of respect is considered as mutable and dynamic and rendered with contextually subjective meanings that are often contested and ambivalent. Political and social changes affect the context within which relations to identities are constructed. In South Africa, this has shaped a shift away from the struggle ideology of non-racialism and the respect that could be accrued through this. This process also complicated the status recognition respect historically associated with teaching. As local, national and global contexts have shifted and processes of globalisations have impacted upon cultural and social capital, the prestige and respect of teaching have changed. Appraisal respect has become increasingly important, and is influencing contested concepts of respect and identity. As these teachers exert claims to identities which include assertions of belonging in relation to race and attempts to earn respect, these processes are shown to be elusive and ambiguous. As a trans-disciplinary thesis, this work is located at the intersection of, and between, geography, education, history, anthropology, politics and sociology. Utilising a wide range of materials, from documentary sources, archives, participant observation, interviews and life histories, a multilayered story is woven together. The work's originality stems from this trans-disciplinary grounding and its engagement with wide ranging theoretical approaches. This thesis argues that the lived experience of educators reflects the ambiguous and contentious experience of 'coloureds' in Cape Town. Drawing upon wider literature and debate, the contested location of education - its commodification - in South Africa reflects broader concerns of educationalists in the North and South, and is imbued within concerns over development and sustainability.

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Icebergs - Why start a thesis thinking about icebergs? Death from medical conditions represents the tip of an iceberg. What causes death in some, will maim, injure or leave damaged in others. Death remains a parameter with which to measure part of the effect of a disorder on the mother or fetus. What will prevent mortality will prevent morbidity and it is largely towards the prevention of the latter that modern medicine is aimed.

In South Africa, as: in other countries with a large underprivileged population group, the problem of malnutrition and its- associations and complications assumes considerable importance. Until the socioeconomic problems involved are solved, attention must be directed to early diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of malnutrition and its associations. At the Red Cross Children's Hospital, Cape Town, a considerable percentage of admissions are for marasmus and kwashiorkor. Anemia is a frequent association, (Walt, I.959) sometimes contributing to the mortality (Walt, Holman and Naidoo, 1957).

One of the chief principles of company law is that a company is a separate legal personality and that the liability of a member in a company, limited by shares, is limited to the amount, if any, unpaid on his shares. A problem down the years has been to prevent these principles being exploited by the controllers of the company, largely its directors and thereby to protect creditors of the company. Although judges have at times regarded certain companies whose misdemeanours have come under the_ spotlight as a 'cloak' and a 'sham', 1 the fact remains that a company as a separate legal personality comes into existence on the date of incorporation and that no recourse can be f6unded on the proposition that a company's misdemeanours cause it ipso facto to forfeit its existence. The most important statutory incursion into the principle of the separate personality of a company is contained in what are commonly known as the fraudulent or reckless trading provisions of the Companies Act 61 of 1973, namely s 424. This provision replaces s 185 bis (1) of the Companies Act 46 of 1926 which was derived from what is presently s 630 of the Companies Act (1985) of the United Kingdom (s 332 of the Companies Act 1948) which is still limited to fraudulent trading only.

The doctrine of common purpose, which hails from English law, was introduced into South African law via the Native Territories Penal Code. The first South African criminal case in which this doctrine was applied outside the field of application of the abovementioned act, was Ry Garnsworthy, where it was formulated as follows: Where two or more persons combine in an undertaking for an illegal purpose, each one of them is liable for anything done by the other of others of the combination, in the furtherance 'of their object, if what was done was what they knew or ought to have known, would be a probable result of their endeavoring to achieve their object.5 According to Visser and Vorster,6 this doctrine was probably imported into our law due to difficulties experienced in 1 D XLVIII.8.17: 'If a man dies after having been struck in the course of a quarrel, the blows of every one who took part in this should be investigated' - own translation. 2. Section 78 of the Native Territories Penal Code Act 24 of 1886 (C) provided: 'If several persons form a common intention to prosecute any unlawful purpose, and to assist each other therein, each of them is a party to every offence committed by any one of them in the prosecution of such common purpose, the commission of which offence was, or ought to have been, known to be a probable consequence of the prosecution of such common purpose.' (Quoted in Rabie "The doctrine of common purpose" (1971) SALJ 229.) See also R v Taylor 1920 EDL 318 323.