Magister Public Health - MPH / The prevalence of non-communicable diseases such as hypertension and diabetes including obesity has increased among the black population over the past few years. The increase in these diseases has been associated with increased urbanization and lifestyle changes. No studies have documented the experiences of people who have migrated to urban areas. Aim: To describe the type of lifestyle changes, reasons for the lifestyle changes and the barriers to adopting a healthy lifestyle among people who have migrated from rural areas to urban areas in the past 5 years and reside in Khayelitsha. Objectives: (1) To identify people who have moved from rural to urban areas in the past 2-5 years; (2) To explore reasons for moving to the city; (3) To explore experiences of respondents on moving to the city; (4) To identify the types of lifestyle changes related to chronic diseases among respondents on arrival to the city; (5) To identify reasons for the lifestyle changes among respondents; (6) To identify coping strategies that have been adopted by respondents; (7) To identify barriers to healthy lifestyle among respondents; (8) To make recommendations for development of appropriate interventions that will enable migrating populations to adjust better to city life. Rural-urban migration (urbanization) was associated with factors such as seeking employment, better life and working opportunities. On arrival in the city migrants face a number of challenges such as inability to secure employment and accommodation. Faced with these challenges, migrants change their lifestyle including buying fatty foods, increasing frequency in food consumption and decreasing in physical activity. In the city factors such as poverty, environment including lack of infrastructure, and lack of knowledge about nutrition, social pressures and family preferences were identified as hindrances to a healthy lifestyle. Conclusion: This study identified various factors that influence the decision to migrate from rural areas. Lifestyle changes in an urban setting are due to socio-economic, environmental and individual factors. Perceived benefits of moving to urban areas can pose challenges to health and this may have negative health-outcomes. / South Africa

Motivated by disquiet that walking, as both a travel mode and as a segment of public transport trips, is not accommodated well in South African cities, this dissertation has two central aims. The first is to understand better the need for travel by non-motorised modes and within local areas. The second is to contribute to the improvement of local area movement network configuration and management practices. The research is primarily exploratory in nature and was conducted within a 'critical social science' paradigm-in which the research process was driven by a series of questions regarding the critical interrogation of these practices. It explores some of the implications for practice of a post-apartheid urban transport policy discourse that prioritises understanding travel need, managing road space, and accommodating public transport users and pedestrians. Reviews of literature, examination of codes of practice, and interviews with practitioners were conducted to trace the origins and nature of practices in the fields of travel analysis and local network planning and to investigate evidence of relationships between local network planning practices and improved local travel conditions. A household travel survey was administered in metropolitan Cape Town to gather data on travel behaviour across various income bands and in different residential locations. The survey employed an innovative activity-based method, with theoretical origins in time geography. With the use of computer-assisted personal interviewing technology, it involved members of 204 households recording their activity schedule over a 24-hour period. The data were analysed using conventional methods of filtered cross-tabulation, as well as time-space instruments. The research found, inter alia, that as a result of being routinely excluded or underestimated in past surveys, the importance of walking has not been fully understood. Walking would appear to be particularly important in satisfying the travel needs of middle-and low-income households, and walking distance findings would appear to refute assumptions regarding the introverted nature of pedestrian trips that underlie conventional local network configuration practices. In the light of these and other findings the dissertation argues for functionally 'fuzzy' local networks within which pedestrians and cyclists are accommodated on 'permeable' networks of footways, pathways, cycleways and shared roadways, while motor cars are accommodated on variously discontinuous roadway networks. The dissertation also argues for the strategic identification of local areas requiring priority attention, and the preparation of integrated local area plans incorporating co-ordinated and proactive pedestrian planning, bicycle planning and traffic calming.

Architects in South Africa, intentionally or unintentionally, play ~ political role within apartheid ideology each time they hecome involved in housing provision. This thesis will investigate their role within the new housing policies which were heing developed in South Africa in the late 1970's and early 1980's. The specific focus will he an analysis of the work of the Architectural Branch of the National Building Research Institute (N.B.R.I.) who initiated a community participation pro~ess to formulate an upgrading strategy for the Winterveld settlement, 30 km north of Pretoria. An historical perspective will reveal how the plotowner and tenant communities were estahlished in the Winterveld and how conflicts arose hetween these groups, the South African government and the Bophuthatswana government. An investigation of the issues around which these conflicts revolve will reveal why it was that the conflicts could not he resolved. This will, in turn, uncover why it was that in 1980 the architects of the N.B.R.I. initiated a community participation process to formulate an upgrading proposal to deal with the intolerahle living conditions in 1 the settlement. Each stage of the participation process will he discussed and analysed with special emphasis heing placed on understanding how the actions of the architects served various interested parties. It will hecome clear that the architects had no power to intervene as independent arhitrators. Their actions and final proposals were to a large extent hased on their own interests and those of the most powerful actors in the situation. Finally, we shall consider or unintentionally served whether the Architectural Branch intentionally the interests of the apartheid state. Conclusions will he drawn with respect to architects understanding their work from an historical perspective which encompasses a hroad appreciation of economic and political factors.

Space in all its aspects is a central concern of planning research. The common sense view of space - determined by height, length and breadth - is giving way to a richer concept . Physical space seems to be merely one aspect of the multi-dimensional framework within which men and women carry out their daily activities. It is becoming possible to visualize social and economic spaces, where distances are measured in unfamiliar terms that have little to do with feet and inches. One begins to sense, very dimly, how one kind of space is warped and transformed as it moves through time - or interacts with another kind of space. My first contact with these ideas occurred during a regional study in the Department of Urban and Regional Planning at U.C.T. The problems of analyzing these spaces and describing the structural relationships and interactions between them, prompted me to continue the work of that project in the form of a thesis.

Bibliography: pages 285-292. / First year students commencing studies in the biological sciences at two universities in the Cape Province, South Africa the Universities of Cape Town and Stellenbosch were sampled by means of a questionnaire. This investigation sought to establish in what way attitudes, formed at school during studies in biology would, on transferring to a university learning environment, play a part in determining successful outcomes of study in biological sciences during the first year of study at a university.

Studies carried out in a number of countries have revealed statistically significant negative correlations between death rates from cardiovascular disease (CVD) or ischaemic heart disease (IHD), and the hardness of local water supplies, a phenomenon which is known as the "water story". These findings have not, however, been universal and it was decided that a study carried out in South Africa with its high CVD and IHD death rates, might yield meaningful results to contradict or support existing findings. In 1983 a pilot study was thus initiated using a spatial model and a more detailed study began in 1984. This study ultimately involved the correlation of standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for CVD and IHD with total water hardness and with a number of contributory and associated water quality factors. The study supported the hypothesised "water story", showing the existence of negative correlations between standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for both CVD and IHD, and the hardness of potable water, whether measured as total hardness or as its two major contributory cations, calcium and magnesium. The level of statistical significance at which this correlation occurred, however, varied with differences in methodological approach. A "population-unweighted" methodology, which was applied to enable comparison with a number of previously published studies, pointed to potassium (a known hypertension normalisor) in permanently hard water as being an important factor. Problems inherent to each methodological approach have been discussed as has the need for improved data. In this regard, the need for a National water quality data bank has been emphasised.

Bibliography: leaves 436-444. / This is a church historical study and critical theological analysis of the Partners in Mission (PIM) process in the Church of the Province of Southern Africa (CPSA), which uses methods appropriate to such a study. Chapter 1 examines the background against which the PIM process and CPSA's PIM 'Vision' must be seen: Anglicanism, its origins, intentions and mission - and the tension between Anglican identity and contemporary relevance. Chapter 2 traces the process of renewal which has been described as the Anglican Communion's 'coming of age', and identifies some of the themes which were later to become 'The Vision'. The Anglican PIM process emerged out of the church's efforts to adjust to the rapidly changing post-colonial world of the nineteen-fifties and sixties, when Anglican provinces within newly-independent nations could no longer be regarded as inferior to and dependent on the Church of England. A watershed in this quest was the Anglican Congress in Toronto in 1963, when for the first time the equal partnership was articulated in the statement Mutual Responsibility and Interdependence in the Body of Christ (MRI). MRI became a Communion-wide programme which evolved into the PIM process, and together they constitute the Anglican Church's programme of contemporary reform and renewal. The CPSA is a full participant in this PIM process and has held three PIM Consultations, the third of which took place in November 1987 when the church was given the vision to engage in the struggle for the eradication of apartheid and the building of new societies of justice and peace in southern Africa. .In Chapter 3 we examine the Provincial 1987 Consultation, the process which led up to it and the making of The Vision. In Chapter 4 we examine publications and records of the CPSA and correspondence with the Bishops of the Province which describe the implementation of The Vision in the life of the CPSA and its contribution to the church's mission. Chapter 5 is a critical evaluation of the CPSA's PIM process, based on the evidence of the previous chapter. Our conclusion is that The Vision has been only partially implemented because of the church's persistent failure to transform words into actions, poor communication, the failure to focus on priorities, a lack of resources, traditionalism and clericalism in the CPSA, the fear of loss of identity, and a spiritual crisis - much of which points to a lack of appropriate leadership. The consequences of ineffective implementation include the failure of the CPSA as a whole to engage relevantly with the crisis in southern Africa, to express appropriate penitence and make restitution for its part in the sin of apartheid, and to engage in effective evangelism. Chapter 6 is an attempt to see how the CPSA could be renewed by means of a revitalised PIM process, in order to be relevant in southern Africa today. We explore a possible pastoral plan and ways in which the CPSA would benefit from engaging more fully in the 'Kairos' process. The CPSA will contribute to the life and future direction of the Anglican Communion insofar as it is true to its ecumenical calling to witness to the kingdom of God as a part of the church in southern Africa, and the Communion will best serve its members and enable them to discover their true identity by setting them free to be faithful to their mission in their various contexts. Throughout this study we have used primary source documents from the Anglican Communion and the CPSA which tell of the birth, progress an implementation of MRI, PIM and The Vision.

In his monograph, Sir Thomas Fuller divides Rhodes's public policy under three heads - the expansion of the Cape Colony; the federation, or, as it was frequently called, the union of South African States; and the Government of the Cape Colony itself when he became its Premier. Any such divisions are of course merely arbitrary, and merely made for the sake of convenience, for it is obvious that these aspects of his policy were closely inter-related, and, in fact, inter-dependent. For this reason, it is all the more to be regretted that in the Imperialistic fervour which hallows the memory of Rhodes abodes the Empire-builder, or at the other extreme, in the severe condemnation of the Rhodes of the Jameson Raid, the significance of his work as Prime Minister of the Cape Colony is under-estimated or over- looked altogether. The Colony provided the base for his operations in the wider field of South African politics. Without its support, there could have been no Northern development, and in his scheme of South African unity, he believed it the Colony's destiny to play the leading role. Thus during his Premiership, the Franchise changes were introduced as a step towards a common South African Native policy; the Glen Grey Bill was a "Native Bill for Africa"; in regard to railways and customs, the ultimate aim was amalgamation and free trade in South African products as a prelude to political unity. Above all, it was a period of close co-operation between the two sections of the European population in the Colony itself, and it is this aspect of Rhodes's administration with which this thesis is primarily concerned. It has also been necessary to deal at some length with his earlier activities to show how this co-operation became possible, and to trace its effect upon the general trend of his policy after 1890.

Includes bibliography. / South Africa needs a modern, sophisticated telecommunications network to ensure economic development and political stability. The same network must also provide affordable and reliable service to a great percentage of the population. The telecommunications industry is currently monopolised by Telkom, a state-owned business enterprise (SBE), and does not appear capable of meeting these basic requirements. The purpose of this paper is to present a case for restructuring Telkom and liberalising the telecommunications industry to best serve the needs of the South African economy. The objective for restructuring the telecommunications industry must be to maximise long-term consumer welfare for all South Africans. This paper argues that consumer welfare will be maximised only by dismantling the statutory monopoly structure and moving toward a highly competitive, privately owned telecommunications industry. The economic issues, of course, cannot be discussed realistically without reference to political, social and historical variables, all of which are also considered. By focusing primarily on economic issues, however, this paper strives to avoid the ideological disputes which usually surround discussions of state ownership. This paper focuses on the telecommunications industry because it represents the single most important infrastructural component in a modern economy. It also presents a unique opportunity if managed well, and a grave danger if allowed to continue in its current structure.

The object of this thesis is to study a selected number of demographic characteristics in a South African Metropolitan Situation by means of an analytical system. The demographic material will be coordinated and classified according to the system, for the purpose of assessing its utility and merit as a planning tool. In this assessment the Metropolitan Area of Cape Town will be used as an example. As a supplement to the main theme, a projection of the future population will be introduced.