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Argamassas no estado fresco são suspensões heterogêneas multifásicas com grande extensão granulométrica, tendo um comportamento relativamente complexo. Para a sua caracterização reológica já é empregado o ensaio de squeeze flow, método normalizado (ABNT NBR 15839/2010) que fornece informações importantes sobre o fluxo das argamassas em condições similares às de aplicação prática. No entanto, alguns fenômenos relevantes relacionados ao squeeze flow de suspensões não podem ser diretamente avaliados somente através da resposta padrão do ensaio (curva carga ou tensão vs. deslocamento), como o tipo de fluxo e a ocorrência de separação de fases, não havendo ainda um método consolidado para investigação destes efeitos. Neste contexto, uma técnica de mapeamento dinâmico da distribuição de pressão interfacial é apresentada como ferramenta para a complementação do método, visando permitir uma análise mais aprofundada durante o ensaio de squeeze flow em argamassas, nas configurações de área e de volume constante, que podem fornecer informações diferentes. Um método de quantificação gravimétrica da separação de fases foi empregado ainda para verificação do fenômeno. Essa metodologia inovadora requer desenvolvimento, e dessa forma são analisados, além da influência de variáveis do material, aspectos do ensaio e diferentes procedimentos de tratamento e calibração dos dados desenvolvidos para análise dos resultados. Modelos teóricos são utilizados para a comparação das distribuições de pressão experimentais com previsões para fluidos de comportamento conhecido, o que ajuda a indicar o tipo de fluxo predominante. O método desenvolvido mostrou grande potencial para a análise de fluxos complexos, sobretudo suspensões concentradas, e contribui com a ampliação do conhecimento sobre o comportamento reológico de argamassas e os fatores que o influenciam. / Mortars while in fresh state are multiphasic heterogeneous suspensions with wide granular extension, presenting a relatively complex behavior. For rheological evaluation the squeeze flow test is already employed, being a standard test (ABNT NBR 15839/2010) and providing relevant information about the flow behavior of mortars under conditions which are similar to those in practical situations. Nevertheless, important phenomena related to the squeeze flow of suspensions cannot be directly assessed by the usual results from the test (load or stress vs. displacement curves), like type of flow and the occurrence of phase separation. There is not yet a stablished method for the investigation of these effects. In this context, a dynamic pressure mapping technique is presented as a tool in addition to the method, aiming to achieve a more thorough analysis during the squeeze flow of mortars, both in constant area and constant volume configuration, which can provide different information. A phase separation quantification method was employed to validate the phenomenon. This original methodology require development, thus aspects regarding the test setup are analyzed, besides the influence of material, and different data treatment and calibration procedures developed for the analysis of test results. Theoretical models are employed for comparison between experimental pressure distribution and predictions for fluids with known behavior, which aids in the determination of flow regime predominance. The developed method has shown great potential for the analysis of complex fluids, especially concentrated suspensions, and contributes to the expansion of knowledge on the rheological behavior of mortars and the influencing factors.

As argamassas de revestimento são amplamente utilizadas na construção civil e, suas propriedades no estado endurecido são fortemente influenciadas pelas propriedades no estado fresco, as quais dependem de fatores como: materiais empregados; forma de aplicação; e interação entre substrato e argamassa. Os ensaios utilizados para caracterização reológica das argamassas não contemplam as alterações que ocorrem devido o contato com o substrato, gerando discordâncias nas teorias sobre os fenômenos pelo qual ocorre a resistência de aderência. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho visa identificar as alterações do comportamento reológico de suspensões cimentícias aplicadas em substratos porosos por meio do ajuste do método do squeeze-flow. Para tanto, foram utilizadas duas configurações do squeeze-flow, com e sem confinamento do fluxo radial; três tipos de base, sendo uma metálica e duas porosas; e, pastas com diferentes materiais, a saber: cimento; cal e filler calcário. A escolha da pasta ao invés da argamassa foi basicamente por duas razões: primeiro, porque a pasta é a parcela da argamassa mais suscetível aos efeitos de sucção capilar do substrato; e segundo, para simplificar o cenário de análise, eliminando a variável areia. Ambas as configurações apresentaram-se viáveis na identificação da alteração do comportamento reológico da pasta, devido aos fatores como: tipo de substrato; o tempo de contato entre pasta e substrato; perda de água da pasta; e energia de mistura. Além disso, observou-se que os procedimentos adotados, assim como o auxílio de outros ensaios, podem colaborar em estudos da influência de fatores como: temperatura; rugosidade; ângulo de contato; distribuição granulométrica de pastas e argamassas; e, principalmente, compreender os fenômenos que ocorre no período denominado como tempo de puxamento, ao passo que este influencia diretamente na resistência de aderência. / Mortar renderings are used in most of the constructions and their properties in the hardened state are strongly influenced by the properties in the fresh state, which depend on factors such as materials used; application form; and interaction between substrate and mortar. The determination of rheological parameters of fresh mortars doesn\'t include the changes that occur due to contact with the substrate. It generates disagreements in the theories about the phenomena of formation of the bond strength. Therefore, this study aims to identify changes in the rheological behavior of cementitious paste applied to porous substrates by adjusting the squeeze flow method. For this, two configurations of squeeze flow were used, with and without confinement of the radial flow; three substrate types; and pastes with different materials, namely cement, lime and sand. The choice of paste instead of mortar was basically for two reasons: first, because the paste is the portion of mortar more susceptible to the effects of capillary suction of substrate; and second, to simplify scenario analysis, eliminating the variable sand. Both configurations were viable in the identification of the alteration of rheological behavior of paste, due to factors such as substrate type; the contact time between paste and substrate; loss of water from paste; and mixing energy. In addition, it was observed that the procedures adopted as well as the aid of the other tests can collaborate on studies of the influence of factors such as temperature, roughness, contact angle, particle size distribution of pastes and mortars; and above all to understand the phenomena that occurs in the initial periods of contact paste/substrate and consequently in the bond strength.

As argamassas de revestimento são amplamente utilizadas na construção civil e, suas propriedades no estado endurecido são fortemente influenciadas pelas propriedades no estado fresco, as quais dependem de fatores como: materiais empregados; forma de aplicação; e interação entre substrato e argamassa. Os ensaios utilizados para caracterização reológica das argamassas não contemplam as alterações que ocorrem devido o contato com o substrato, gerando discordâncias nas teorias sobre os fenômenos pelo qual ocorre a resistência de aderência. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho visa identificar as alterações do comportamento reológico de suspensões cimentícias aplicadas em substratos porosos por meio do ajuste do método do squeeze-flow. Para tanto, foram utilizadas duas configurações do squeeze-flow, com e sem confinamento do fluxo radial; três tipos de base, sendo uma metálica e duas porosas; e, pastas com diferentes materiais, a saber: cimento; cal e filler calcário. A escolha da pasta ao invés da argamassa foi basicamente por duas razões: primeiro, porque a pasta é a parcela da argamassa mais suscetível aos efeitos de sucção capilar do substrato; e segundo, para simplificar o cenário de análise, eliminando a variável areia. Ambas as configurações apresentaram-se viáveis na identificação da alteração do comportamento reológico da pasta, devido aos fatores como: tipo de substrato; o tempo de contato entre pasta e substrato; perda de água da pasta; e energia de mistura. Além disso, observou-se que os procedimentos adotados, assim como o auxílio de outros ensaios, podem colaborar em estudos da influência de fatores como: temperatura; rugosidade; ângulo de contato; distribuição granulométrica de pastas e argamassas; e, principalmente, compreender os fenômenos que ocorre no período denominado como tempo de puxamento, ao passo que este influencia diretamente na resistência de aderência. / Mortar renderings are used in most of the constructions and their properties in the hardened state are strongly influenced by the properties in the fresh state, which depend on factors such as materials used; application form; and interaction between substrate and mortar. The determination of rheological parameters of fresh mortars doesn\'t include the changes that occur due to contact with the substrate. It generates disagreements in the theories about the phenomena of formation of the bond strength. Therefore, this study aims to identify changes in the rheological behavior of cementitious paste applied to porous substrates by adjusting the squeeze flow method. For this, two configurations of squeeze flow were used, with and without confinement of the radial flow; three substrate types; and pastes with different materials, namely cement, lime and sand. The choice of paste instead of mortar was basically for two reasons: first, because the paste is the portion of mortar more susceptible to the effects of capillary suction of substrate; and second, to simplify scenario analysis, eliminating the variable sand. Both configurations were viable in the identification of the alteration of rheological behavior of paste, due to factors such as substrate type; the contact time between paste and substrate; loss of water from paste; and mixing energy. In addition, it was observed that the procedures adopted as well as the aid of the other tests can collaborate on studies of the influence of factors such as temperature, roughness, contact angle, particle size distribution of pastes and mortars; and above all to understand the phenomena that occurs in the initial periods of contact paste/substrate and consequently in the bond strength.

Fat bloom in chocolates is the gray-white discoloration and dullness that can occur on the surface of the confectionery. Fat bloom is a common quality defect that can result from temperature fluctuations during storage. Chocolates candies with peanuts or other nut fillings are more prone to fat bloom compared to plain chocolates, due to a release of incompatible nut oils into the chocolate matrix. The overall goal of this study was to determine if differences in triacylglycerol (TAG) composition and rheological properties of high, medium, and normal oleic peanuts influence fat bloom formation. All three peanut varieties showed high concentrations of triolein. Normal oleic peanuts had a slightly higher trilinolein than high and medium oleic peanuts, which contained trilinolein in trace amounts. Peanut pastes from the three peanut varieties all had a minimum apparent yield stress, and all pastes showed varying degrees of shear thinning. The apparent yield stress of high and normal oleic pastes was higher than the apparent yield stress of medium oleic paste. The absolute value of the flow index behavior was 1 for the high oleic peanut paste, suggesting friction in the experimental apparatus, even with use of Teflon plates. The peanut chocolate candies took around 45 days for significant dulling of the chocolates with temperature cycling between 26-29 °C approximately every 26 hours. Optical microscopy scans showed differences in glossiness and surface textural attributes of the unbloomed and bloomed peanut chocolate confectionery. Consumer evaluation showed some differences in the glossiness and significant differences in surface texture of unbloomed and bloomed chocolates. A majority (62%) of the survey respondents had seen whitish discoloration in chocolates and 40% of the respondents thought this is because the chocolate had grown old. / Ph. D.

The design of fiber-reinforced thermoplastic (FRT) parts is hindered by the determination of the various empirical parameters associated with the fiber orientation models. A method for obtaining these parameters independent of processing doesn't exist. The work presented here continues efforts to develop a rheological test that can obtain robust orientation model parameters, either by fitting directly to orientation data or by fitting to stress-growth data. First, orientation evolution in a 10 wt% long-glass-fiber-reinforced polypropylene during two homogeneous flows (startup of shear and planar extension) was compared. This comparison had not been performed in the literature previously, and revealed that fiber orientation is significantly faster during planar extension. This contradicts a long-held assumption in the field that orientation dynamics were independent of the type of flow. In other words, shear and extension were assumed to have equal influence on the orientation dynamics. A non-lubricated squeeze flow test was subsequently implemented on 30 wt% short-glass-fiber-reinforced polypropylene. An analytical solution was developed for the Newtonian case along the lateral centerline of the sample to demonstrate that the flow is indeed a superposition of shear and extension. Furthermore, an existing fiber orientation model was fit to the gap-wise orientation profile, demonstrating that NLSF can, in principle, be used to obtain fiber orientation model parameters. Finally, model parameters obtained for the same FRT by fitting to orientation data from startup of steady shear are shown to be inadequate in predicting the gap-wise orientation profile from NLSF. This work is rounded out with a comparison of the fiber orientation dynamics during startup of shear and non-lubricated squeeze flow using a long-fiber-reinforced polypropylene. Three fiber concentrations (30, 40, and 50 wt%) were used to gauge the influence of fiber concentration on the orientation dynamics. The results suggest that the initial fiber orientation state (initially perpendicular to the flow direction and in the plane parallel to the sample thickness) and the fiber concentration interact to slow down the fiber orientation dynamics during startup of shear when compared to the dynamics starting from a planar random initial state, particularly for the 40 and 50 wt% samples. However, the orientation dynamics during non-lubricated squeeze flow for the same material and initial orientation state were not influenced by fiber concentration. Existing orientation models do not account for the initial-state-dependence and concentration-dependence in a rigorous way. Instead, different fitting parameters must be used for different initial states and concentrations, which suggests that the orientation models do not accurately capture the underlying physics of fiber orientation in FRTs. / Ph. D. / In order to keep pace with government fuel economy legislation, the automotive and aerospace industries have adopted a strategy they call “lightweighting”. This refers to decreasing the overall weight of a car, truck, or plane by replacing dense materials with less-dense substitutes. For example, a steel engine bracket in a car could be replaced with a high-temperature plastic reinforced with carbon fiber. This composite material will be lighter in weight than the comparable steel component, but maintains its structural integrity. Thermoplastics reinforced with some kind of fiber, typically carbon or glass, have proven to be extremely useful in meeting the demands of lightweighting. Thermoplastics are materials that can be melted from a feedstock (typically pellets), reshaped in the melted state through use of a mold, and then cooled to a solid state, and some common commodity-grade thermoplastics include polypropylene (used for Ziploc bags) and polyamides (commonly called Nylon and used in clothing). Although these commodity applications are not known for their strength, the fiber reinforcement in the automotive applications significantly improves the structural integrity of the thermoplastics. The ability to melt and reshape thermoplastics make them incredibly useful for highthroughput processes such as injection molding. Injection molding takes the pellets and conveys them through a heated barrel using a rotating screw. The melted thermoplastic gathers at the tip of the barrel, and when a set volume is gathered, the screw is rammed forward to inject the thermoplastic into a closed mold of the desired shape. This process typically takes between 30-60 seconds per injection. This rate of production is crucial for the automotive industry, as manufacturers need to put out thousands of parts in a short period of time. The improvement to mechanical properties of the thermoplastics is strongly influenced by the orientation of the reinforcing fibers. Although design equations connecting the part’s mechanical properties to the orientation of the fibers do exist, they require knowledge of the orientation of the fibers throughout the part. Fibers in injection-molded parts have an extremely complicated orientation v state. Measuring the orientation state at each point would be too laborious, so empirical models tying the flow of the thermoplastic through the mold to the evolving orientation state of the fibers have been developed to predict the orientation state in the final part. These predictions can be used in lieu of direct measurements in the part design equations. However, the orientation models rely on empirical fitting parameters which must be obtained before injection molding simulations are performed. There is currently no standard test for obtaining these parameters, nor is there a standardized look-up table. The work presented in this dissertation continues efforts to establish such a test using simple flows in a laboratory setting, independent of injection molding. Previous work focused exclusively on using shearing flow (e.g. pressure-driven flow found in injection molding) to obtain these parameters. However, when these parameters were used in simulations of injection molding, the agreement between measured and predicted fiber orientation was mediocre. The work here demonstrates that another type of flow, namely extensional flow, must also be considered, as it has a non-negligible influence on fiber orientation. this is crucial to injection molding, as injection molding flows have elements of both shearing and extensional flow. The first major contribution from this dissertation demonstrates that extensional flow (e.g. stretching a film) has a much stronger influence than shearing flow, even at the same overall rate of deformation. The second major contribution used a combination shear/extensional flow to demonstrate that the empirical model parameters, thought to be characteristic of the composite, are actually strongly influenced by the type of flow experienced by the sample, and that no single set of model parameters can fit the full orientation state. The final major contribution extends the previous case to long-fiber reinforcement at multiple fiber concentrations which are of industrial interest. This finds the same results, that the model parameters are dependent on the type of flow experienced by the sample. The flow-dependence of the parameters is a crucial point to address in future work, as the flows found in injection molding contain both shearing and extensional flow. By further developing this flow-type dependence, future injection molding simulations should become more accurate, and this will make computer-aided injection-molded part design much more efficient.

O presente trabalho propõe o entendimento do comportamento no estado fresco de argamassas colantes, com base na caracterização reológica e físico-química de diferentes composições comerciais, servindo de base para analisar o fenômeno de deslizamento, a partir do ensaio estabelecido na norma brasileira. Para isso, foi utilizado o ensaio “Squeeze flow" (escoamento por compressão axial), empregado na caracterização de argamassas de revestimento no laboratório de microestrutura do CPqDCC da EPUSP, como ferramenta de análise do comportamento de argamassas colantes. Neste ensaio, o escoamento do material decorre da aplicação de uma carga de compressão sobre a amostra no estado fresco, a qual ocasiona deslocamentos no seu interior devido a esforços de cisalhamento radiais originados durante o fluxo. O critério de seleção das argamassas colantes comerciais (tipo AC-I) se baseou nos resultados do ensaio de deslizamento, escolhendo-se duas com resultado muito abaixo do limite especificado, duas com resultado próximo do limite e outras duas com resultado acima do mesmo. A composição química e física foi caracterizada com o objetivo de embasar a análise dos resultados obtidos no “Squeeze flow". A separação da fração fina das argamassas na peneira no.200 contribuiu para o conhecimento da viscosidade da pasta e da sua influência no comportamento reológico das argamassas. Foi observado que as argamassas estudadas apresentam diferenças de composição físico-química e de comportamento reológico. As diferenças de comportamento reológico das argamassas decorrem, provavelmente, de ação sinérgica de alguns parâmetros da composição, com destaque para a distribuição granulométrica. O “Squeeze flow" mostrou-se uma ferramenta adequada na caracterização das argamassas colantes e contribuiu para explicar o deslizamento estabelecido na norma brasileira, pela proposição de modelos hipotéticos de comportamento. / Present thesis proposes the study of plastic-state behaviour of dry-set mortars based on the rheological and physicochemical characterization of different commercially available dry-set mortar compositions. Such characterization served as basis for the analysis of dry-set mortar slip phenomena using the tests recommended by brazilian standards (NBR). The Squeeze Flow test (slip by axial compression) originally used for coating mortars characterization by the EPUSP CPqDDC Microstructure Laboratory was adopted as a test tool for analysing the dry-set mortar behaviour. In the mentioned test the material slip is obtained by compressing the sample in its plastic state which caused internal displacements due to radial shearing tensions originated during the mentioned slip. The dry-se mortars (all of them AC-I type) used in the study were selected based in the slip tests results against brazilian standards specified limits resulting in the selection of two dry-set mortars below the specified limit, two dry-set mortars close to the specified limit and dry-set mortars above the specified limit. Chemical and physical compositions were characterized in order to serve as basis for Squeeze Flow results analysis. Fine fraction segregation, using number 200 sieve contributed to understanding of plastic-state mortar viscosity and its influence in mortar rheological behaviour. It was observed diverse physicochemical and rheological behaviour among the studied dry-set mortars. The rheological behaviour diversity of dry-set mortars were due to the synergy among some composition parameters, specially the granular distribution. The Squeeze Flow was considered a suitable tool for the characterization of dry-set mortars and contributed to develop hypotetical behaviour models that allowed to explain the slip as stated by brazilian standards.

As argamassas colantes são produtos constituídos por areia natural ou artificial, ligantes e aditivos químicos que cumprem uma função de adesivo para assentamento de revestimentos em pisos e paredes. Sob o ponto de vista reológico, a argamassa colante é um material multifásico formado por uma pasta que envolve agregados minerais. Atualmente, o único teste preconizado em norma a fresco é o ensaio de deslizamento, que apesar de ter baixo custo e relativa facilidade de execução em laboratório. As grandes desvantagens desse método são: imprecisão e a baixa repetibilidade, além de ser insuficiente para efetuar uma avaliação mais completa desses produtos no estado fresco. Assim, técnicas de caracterização reológica (Squeeze Flow, Pull Out Flow e reometria rotacional) foram especificadas e aplicadas, como alternativa tecnológica para avaliação de argamassas colantes. Porém, o potencial da configuração tradicional do ensaio de Squeeze Flow e a reometria rotacional foram pouco explorados neste tipo de argamassa. Neste estudo foi necessário empreender ajustes de configuração. O objetivo desta dissertação foi o de aplicar métodos de caracterização reológica em argamassas colantes de mercado (ACI e ACIII) de certo fabricante e ACI formulada em laboratório composta por areias com morfologias diferentes que permitissem identificar suas características relevantes no estado fresco, avaliar a influência dos parâmetros experimentais do método de Squeeze Flow (principalmente em relação à configuração e parâmetros), avaliar a adesividade das argamassas no estado fresco e aplicar o método de reometria rotacional para avaliação das energias de mistura e reológica. Os experimentos para avaliação das configurações e parâmetros do ensaio de Squeeze Flow e Pull Out Flow mostraram que tais métodos foram sensíveis para diferenciar as argamassas e refletiram o que, na prática, é percebido: ACIII (Argamassa Colante do Tipo III) tem maior consistência que ACI (Argamassa 7 Colante do Tipo I), além de mostrar que são sensíveis às diferentes taxas de deslocamento, teores de água e morfologia de agregados. Já a reometria rotacional mostrou-se sensível para identificar e diferenciar a cinética de mistura das argamassas colantes ACI e ACIII. Os resultados indicaram que o tempo de mistura de 150 segundos foi eficiente e suficiente para homogeneizar e estabilizar as argamassas testadas, e que a argamassa do tipo ACI apresenta maior dificuldade de mistura e resulta em uma suspensão com maior viscosidade e tensão de escoamento do que a argamassa ACIII. Por fim, a aplicação dos métodos de caracterização reológica em argamassas ACI compostas por areias com morfologias diferentes, indicou que o método de Squeeze Flow mostrou ser sensível para diferentes teores de água, em argamassas compostas por areia artificial. As curvas de carga de compressão da argamassa ACI com areia artificial mostraram serem superiores às formuladas argamassas com areia natural, indicando que, com a mesma proporção de insumos e teor de água (volume), as argamassas não possuem perfis reológicos similares. / Adhesive mortars are products constituted of natural or artificial sand, binder (cement) and chemical additives which serve as an adhesive for laying floor and wall tiles. From the rheological point of view, the adhesive mortar is a multiphase material consisting of a paste that coats mineral aggregates. Currently, the only test done is the slip test, which has low cost and has a relatively easy execution. The disadvantage of this method is not to have a good repeatability and is not sufficient to evaluate products in fresh state. Thus, techniques of rheologic characterization (flow squeeze, pull out flow and rotational rheometry) were applied as technologic alternatives for evaluation of adhesive mortars. However, the potential of the traditional configuration of the Squeeze Flow test and rotational rheometry were not explored in this type of product due to the requirement of configuration settings. The purpose of this dissertation is to apply advanced methods for rheological characterization of adhesive mortars in order to identify important characteristics of fresh-state application; evaluation of the influence of the squeeze-flow experimental method (mainly due to configuration and parameters); applied rheometry techniques to evaluate the mixing energy; and to evaluate the adhesiveness of fresh mortars. The evaluation of the configuration and parameters of the Squeeze Flow and Pull Out Flow showed that the methods were sensible enough to differentiate mortars in the same way that is perceived in practice: ACIII has greater consistency than ACI, also shows that are sensitive to different rates of displacement, water content and morphology of aggregates. The mixing and rotational rheometry showed that the method is sensitive to identify and differentiate the kinetics of mixing for ACI and ACIII mortars. The results indicate that the mixing time of 150 seconds was effective to homogenize and disperse the mortars. The mixing and flow torque values are higher for ACI than for ACIII, indicating that ACI is more difficult to be mixed and has a higher viscosity and yield stress than ACIII.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WalneyGS_TESE.pdf: 2269904 bytes, checksum: 6e832698b2804a3e69b2353dde562cad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-30 / The adhesive mortars are a mixture of cement, sand, and additives to polymers that retain the mixing water and promotes adherence, being used in setting on various ceramic substrates. The sand used in the production of these mortars is from the riverbeds, and with the increasing restriction of these sands extraction by environmental agencies, and often having to be transported over long distances to the consumer center. This work aims to design and physical and mechanical characterization of ecological adhesive mortar with total replacement of natural sand by sand from the crushing of limestone, and the addition of mineral ash biomass of cane sugar in partial replacement cement used in the production of adhesive mortar , aiming compositions that meet the regulatory specifications for use adhesive mortar. Standardized tests to determine the tensile bond strength (NBR 14081-4), determination of open time (NBR 14081-3) and determination of slip (NBR 14081-5) were performed. Were also conducted trials squeeze flow in different formulation, the mortar with addition of 15 % gray biomass of cane sugar for cement mortars as well as the total replacement of natural sand by sand limestone crushing, got the best performance among the mortars studied, it was found that the addition of biomass to replace cement is perfectly feasible due to its pozzolanic activity, which contributed to this reduction in the cement matrix formation of adhesive mortar / As argamassas colantes s?o a mistura de cimento e areia, aditivadas com pol?meros que ret?m ?gua de amassamento e promovem a ader?ncia, sendo utilizadas na fixa??o da cer?mica sobre diversos substratos. A areia utilizada na produ??o dessas argamassas, proveniente dos leitos dos rios, tem sua extra??o submetida ? restri??o cada vez maior por parte dos ?rg?os ambientais e, muitas vezes, precisa ser transportada a grandes dist?ncias at? chegar ao centro consumidor. Este trabalho tem por objetivo a formula??o e a caracteriza??o f?sica e mec?nica de argamassa colante ecol?gica com a substitui??o total da areia natural por areia proveniente de britagem de rocha calc?ria, bem como com a adi??o mineral de cinza de biomassa de cana-de-a??car em substitui??o parcial do cimento utilizado na produ??o das argamassas colantes, visando composi??es que atendam ?s especifica??es normativas de utiliza??o de argamassa colante. Foram realizados ensaios normatizados de determina??o da resist?ncia de ader?ncia ? tra??o (NBR 14.081-4), determina??o do tempo em aberto (NBR 14.081-3) e determina??o do deslizamento (NBR 14.081-5). Foram realizados, ainda, ensaios de squeeze flow nas diferentes formula??es. A argamassa com adi??o de 15% de cinza de biomassa de cana-de-a??car em substitui??o ao cimento, bem como a substitui??o total da areia natural por areia de britagem calc?ria, obteve o melhor desempenho entre as argamassas estudadas. Foi verificado que a adi??o de biomassa em substitui??o ao cimento ? perfeitamente vi?vel, devido a sua atividade pozol?nica, que contribuiu para essa redu??o de cimento na matriz de forma??o da argamassa colante

As argamassas colantes são produtos constituídos por areia natural ou artificial, ligantes e aditivos químicos que cumprem uma função de adesivo para assentamento de revestimentos em pisos e paredes. Sob o ponto de vista reológico, a argamassa colante é um material multifásico formado por uma pasta que envolve agregados minerais. Atualmente, o único teste preconizado em norma a fresco é o ensaio de deslizamento, que apesar de ter baixo custo e relativa facilidade de execução em laboratório. As grandes desvantagens desse método são: imprecisão e a baixa repetibilidade, além de ser insuficiente para efetuar uma avaliação mais completa desses produtos no estado fresco. Assim, técnicas de caracterização reológica (Squeeze Flow, Pull Out Flow e reometria rotacional) foram especificadas e aplicadas, como alternativa tecnológica para avaliação de argamassas colantes. Porém, o potencial da configuração tradicional do ensaio de Squeeze Flow e a reometria rotacional foram pouco explorados neste tipo de argamassa. Neste estudo foi necessário empreender ajustes de configuração. O objetivo desta dissertação foi o de aplicar métodos de caracterização reológica em argamassas colantes de mercado (ACI e ACIII) de certo fabricante e ACI formulada em laboratório composta por areias com morfologias diferentes que permitissem identificar suas características relevantes no estado fresco, avaliar a influência dos parâmetros experimentais do método de Squeeze Flow (principalmente em relação à configuração e parâmetros), avaliar a adesividade das argamassas no estado fresco e aplicar o método de reometria rotacional para avaliação das energias de mistura e reológica. Os experimentos para avaliação das configurações e parâmetros do ensaio de Squeeze Flow e Pull Out Flow mostraram que tais métodos foram sensíveis para diferenciar as argamassas e refletiram o que, na prática, é percebido: ACIII (Argamassa Colante do Tipo III) tem maior consistência que ACI (Argamassa 7 Colante do Tipo I), além de mostrar que são sensíveis às diferentes taxas de deslocamento, teores de água e morfologia de agregados. Já a reometria rotacional mostrou-se sensível para identificar e diferenciar a cinética de mistura das argamassas colantes ACI e ACIII. Os resultados indicaram que o tempo de mistura de 150 segundos foi eficiente e suficiente para homogeneizar e estabilizar as argamassas testadas, e que a argamassa do tipo ACI apresenta maior dificuldade de mistura e resulta em uma suspensão com maior viscosidade e tensão de escoamento do que a argamassa ACIII. Por fim, a aplicação dos métodos de caracterização reológica em argamassas ACI compostas por areias com morfologias diferentes, indicou que o método de Squeeze Flow mostrou ser sensível para diferentes teores de água, em argamassas compostas por areia artificial. As curvas de carga de compressão da argamassa ACI com areia artificial mostraram serem superiores às formuladas argamassas com areia natural, indicando que, com a mesma proporção de insumos e teor de água (volume), as argamassas não possuem perfis reológicos similares. / Adhesive mortars are products constituted of natural or artificial sand, binder (cement) and chemical additives which serve as an adhesive for laying floor and wall tiles. From the rheological point of view, the adhesive mortar is a multiphase material consisting of a paste that coats mineral aggregates. Currently, the only test done is the slip test, which has low cost and has a relatively easy execution. The disadvantage of this method is not to have a good repeatability and is not sufficient to evaluate products in fresh state. Thus, techniques of rheologic characterization (flow squeeze, pull out flow and rotational rheometry) were applied as technologic alternatives for evaluation of adhesive mortars. However, the potential of the traditional configuration of the Squeeze Flow test and rotational rheometry were not explored in this type of product due to the requirement of configuration settings. The purpose of this dissertation is to apply advanced methods for rheological characterization of adhesive mortars in order to identify important characteristics of fresh-state application; evaluation of the influence of the squeeze-flow experimental method (mainly due to configuration and parameters); applied rheometry techniques to evaluate the mixing energy; and to evaluate the adhesiveness of fresh mortars. The evaluation of the configuration and parameters of the Squeeze Flow and Pull Out Flow showed that the methods were sensible enough to differentiate mortars in the same way that is perceived in practice: ACIII has greater consistency than ACI, also shows that are sensitive to different rates of displacement, water content and morphology of aggregates. The mixing and rotational rheometry showed that the method is sensitive to identify and differentiate the kinetics of mixing for ACI and ACIII mortars. The results indicate that the mixing time of 150 seconds was effective to homogenize and disperse the mortars. The mixing and flow torque values are higher for ACI than for ACIII, indicating that ACI is more difficult to be mixed and has a higher viscosity and yield stress than ACIII.