[pt] Este trabalho tem por objetivo examinar os impactos da difusão da Internet sobre o campo da psicologia clínica e, em particular, sobre as práticas psicoterápicas da atualidade. Para tanto, é feita, inicialmente, uma discussão teórica sobre as transformações em curso no contexto de produção científica contemporâneo, à luz do recente desenvolvimento das tecnologias digitais e, em especial, da Internet. Em seguida, a discussão concentra-se especificamente no contexto da psicologia clínica, no recente interesse desta área pelo estudo dos impactos subjetivos da Internet e no exame da produção a este respeito. Dado que esta produção é composta quase que exclusivamente de pesquisas empíricas e não contempla os efeitos da Internet sobre as práticas clínicas, o trabalho de campo da presente tese visou investigar esta lacuna. Em outras palavras, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa junto a 16 psicoterapeutas com o objetivo de conhecer o que estes têm a dizer sobre a chegada da Internet aos seus consultórios. Os principais resultados obtidos podem ser divididos em dois grupos. O primeiro diz respeito a indicadores clínicos que, da ótica dos terapeutas entrevistados, apontam para impactos subjetivos sofridos pelos pacientes-usuários da Rede. São eles: o prazer no uso da Internet, a sensação de onipotência que experimentam, as novas formas de se relacionarem com o corpo, as diferentes formas de excesso às quais se expõem e as novas formas de controle exercidas por meio dos registros que a Rede disponibiliza. Já o segundo grupo de resultados refere-se aos impactos da Internet sobre os próprios terapeutas, ou seja, às suas reações frente à chegada da Internet aos consultórios e à desorientação que experimentaram diante das novas questões clínicas colocadas em cena pelas aventuras on-line de seus pacientes. / [en] The present thesis aims at examining the impacts of Internet diffusion on the clinical psychology fields and, particularly on the psychotherapy practice in use presently. Firstly, a theoretical discussion is done. It is about the current changes in the contemporaneous context of scientific production, considering the recent development of digital technologies and, especially Internet. Secondly, the discussion focuses specifically on the clinical psychology context, on the recent interest of this area for the studies of the Internet subjective impacts and, on the exam of the corresponding production. Due to the fact that such production is almost exclusively composed of empirical research and does not consider the effects of Internet on the clinical practice, the practical focus of the present thesis aimed at investigating the gap above. In other words, a qualitative research with 16 psychotherapists has been done to know what they have to say about the Internet arrival into their offices. The main results obtained can be divided into two groups. The first one refers to clinical indicators according to the interviewed therapists perspective. They expose subjective impacts suffered by the patientsusers of the Net. Those are: the pleasure in using Internet, the sensation of omnipotence they experience, the new ways of relationship with their own bodies, the new ways of excess they are exposed to and, the new ways of control done by means of the registers set available by the Net. Nevertheless, the second group of results refers to the impacts of the Net on therapists themselves, that is, their reaction to the Internet presence in their offices and to the disturbance they felt facing the new clinical issues set in scene by their patients on-line adventures.

The state of poverty in South Africa dictates how social policies should intervene to make an impact on poverty alleviation. Government formulated the three pillars of Land Reform Programme i.e. the Land Restitution Programme, Land Redistribution Programme and the Security of Tenure Programme. The Land Restitution Programme was utilised, through which people were given the opportunity to choose their preferred option ranging from original land, alternative land, financial compensation and involvement in development projects. The Programme aimed to reduce the unequal distribution of land amongst the racial groups of South Africa and alleviating poverty. During the process of land restitution the subjective impacts were debated more than the objective impacts, which were exacerbated by the experience of Zimbabwe as one of South Africa’s neighbouring countries. To date, little empirical evidence exists concerning the actual objective and subjective impact of the Land Restitution Programme. The aim of the study was to evaluate the objective and subjective impacts of the Land Restitution Programme on poverty. A quantitative research approach was used to conduct an impact evaluation study. Data was gathered by means of self-administered questionnaires. Respondents included land restitution applicants, namely: the claimants who were dismissed because they did not meet the acceptance criteria, the claimants who rejected the offer of financial compensation and the claimants who accepted the land restitution offer of financial compensation and eventually became the beneficiaries of the Land Restitution Programme. The research findings revealed that the Land Restitution Programme has both objective and subjective impacts on poverty. The subjective and objective impacts have both positive and negative impacts. The positive objective impacts were revealed to include the improvement in the aspects of quality of life as individuals and as communities, reconciliation at an individual, family and community level, and personal development such as improvement in community participation, empowerment and capacity building. The line, however, between the subjective and objective impacts was found to be very thin. The greatest impacts were amongst the accepted land restitution claimants and the least impact was amongst the dismissed and refused claimants in comparison with the accepted land restitution beneficiaries. The findings confirmed the hypothesis of the study, namely that if the poorest of the poor beneficiaries receive the land restitution compensation their levels of poverty decreases, compared to those that are refused or dismissed for land restitution compensation. The study revealed that the negative impact of the Land Restitution Programme is on its ability to acquire title to land. The claimants and beneficiaries of the Land Restitution Programme still regarded the programme as effective even though it has challenges in terms of addressing poverty alleviation. The study concluded that the Land Restitution Programme should be implemented within a Framework for Poverty Alleviation. Such a framework needs to go beyond the legalistic framework that is provided by the Land Restitution Act no 22 of 1994 which currently do not address approaches to poverty alleviation, strategies for alleviating poverty and aspects of quality of life that are measurable. The study recommended the implementation of a Land Restitution Programme Framework for Poverty Alleviation, which include elements of measuring poverty and aspects of quality of life and poverty alleviation approaches such as the livelihood approach, asset vulnerability approach, compulsory asset redistribution approach, and social development strategies. It is further recommended that the Land Restitution Programme Framework for Poverty Alleviation should be informed by the voices of the poor, professionals and international donor communities in order to comprehensively make an impact in graduating the poor from being poverty stricken to being self sufficient and self reliant. / Dissertation (MSD)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted