[pt] O movimento dos seringueiros tem sido interpretado como um movimento local, que eclodiu no Brasil em torno de questões fundiárias. Naquele período, a Amazônia passava por um processo de modernização, marcado pela implementação de projetos respaldados por instituições internacionais, prejudicando a situação dos seringueiros. Inicialmente, estes atores mobilizaram se pelos seus direitos pela terra. Mas sua percepção alterou-se nos anos 80, na medida em que entraram em contato com atores externos ao movimento e formaram redes transnacionais em torno de uma questão entendida à época como um problema global: o desmatamento da floresta tropical. Estas redes trabalharam juntas em campanhas, pressionando o governo brasileiro por meio de instituições internacionais com o objetivo de preservar a Amazônia. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o processo de transnacionalização do movimento dos seringueiros, considerando-se a relação entre o local e o global, bem como a construção de identidade entre os atores envolvidos em tal processo. / [en] The rubber tappers movement has been interpreted as a local movement that ecloded in Brazil during the 70 s around land right issues. Amazonia in that period was going through a process of modernization, marked by the implementation of projects supported by international institutions, making worse the situation of the rubber tappers. Initially, those actors mobilized for their rights to have lands. But their perception changed by the 80 s, as they got in contact with some actors external to that movement and formed transnational networks around an issue understood at that time as a global problem: the deforestation of the rain forest. Those networks worked together in caimpaigns, targeting Brazilian government through international institutions so as to preserve Amazonia. The object of this study is to analyse the process of transnationalization of the rubber tappers movement, considering the local-global relation and the construction of identity among the actors envolved on such process.

The thesis is related to transnational social movements’ production of knowledge. Particularly, the research investigates the developed norms and pathways of a Palestinian-transnational movement (the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement- The BDS movement) during its formation period. The thesis reviews major social movement theories (i.e. Sidney Tarrow and Margeret Sikkink). While benefiting from major aspects of these theories, the thesis discovers that the researched movement suggests major deviations from these theories. Hence, the thesis mobilizes other literature, particularly of Pierre Bourdieu, to better account for cultural and social dimensions. This choice is enforced by the presence of academics that form a pillar in the movement. Yet, the thesis mobilizes together diverse dimensions from social movement literature, sociology and history (i.e. the historical trajectory of individual and collective actors), and with a constant check with the case itself. The methodological choice of the research goes back and forth between theories and the case (abductive methodology). Two chapters of the thesis are dedicated to the agency of the Palestinian actors in addition to interactions inside the field of power in Palestine. Another two chapters discuss transnational relations with a focus on European actors. Specific cases are chosen from interactions with Belgian and British actors. Moreover, interactions in three transnational fora are discussed.The research concludes that this transnational movement infuses diverse norms from different experiences and regions while adhering to universal norms such as comprehensive human rights. Moreover, the movement follows diverse pathways that include a Palestinian emergence, a Global Southern path and through the North. And these pathways enforce the adherence of the movement to specific norms. Such findings diverge from “Euro-centric” approaches in discussed social movements’ literature in the thesis. The research finally discusses other literature more relevant to the case (i.e. by Amitav Acharya), which argues that local actors try to protect their norms from abuse by central forces, and they do not only import norms but also diffuse new norms. The thesis ends up with questions for further research on the patterns of norms diffusion. / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished