• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 29
  • 3
  • 2
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 35
  • 35
  • 29
  • 29
  • 29
  • 20
  • 20
  • 7
  • 7
  • 6
  • 6
  • 5
  • 5
  • 5
  • 4
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Programy pro výpočet nejistoty měření metodou Monte Carlo / Programs for calculating measurement uncertainty using Monte Carlo method

Novotný, Marek January 2015 (has links)
The thesis deals with establishing uncertainties of indirect measurements. It focuses primarily on random number generators in software enabling the calculation of mea-surement uncertainties using Monte Carlo. Then it focuses on the uncertainty calculati-on indirect measurement as the Monte Carlo method and the classical numerical met-hod. The practical part deals with the verification of randomness generators numbers contained in various softwares. It also deals with the determination of uncertainties indi-rect current measurements by both above-mentioned methods and then comparing and evaluating the values achieved.
32

Caractérisation radioélectrique des satellites de télécommunications du futur / Radioelectric measurements of future telecommunication satellites

Balma, Téegwendé Serge 29 January 2018 (has links)
Les paramètres radioélectriques des satellites sont actuellement mesurés directement, à l’aide d’une base compacte. Cependant, les li-mites de ces bases sont atteintes à cause de l’augmentation des dimensions des satellites, du nombre et de la complexité des antennes qu’ils comportent.Les techniques de champ proche constituent une solution prometteuse sous la forme de base pla-naire. Ces techniques consistent à mesurer le champ rayonné à proximité de la source pour en déduire, par traitement mathématique, le champ à grande distance.Ce travail de thèse porte sur l’adaptation des techniques de champ proche au test des satellites de télécommunications. La caractérisation du rayonnement des antennes par ces techniques estaujourd’hui largement utilisée. Toutefois, un développement théorique doit être complété et des méthodes de mesures proposées pour le test de l’ensemble des paramètres de la charge utile. Des difficultés spécifiques liées à la fonction du satellite (transpondeur) et à l’accès limité aux antennes et à l’électronique du satellite doivent être prise en compte dans la mise en oeuvre de ces méthodes de mesure.Enfin les mesures en champ proche sont affectées par plusieurs causes d’erreurs. L’identification des sources de ces erreurs et l’évaluation de leurs contributions au résultat final constituent une partie importante du travail de thèse. L’étude globale permet de dimensionner un système de mesure complet bénéficiant d’un bon niveau d’optimisation. / Nowadays, the radioelectric charac-teristics of satellites are directly measured by means of a com-pact range basis. However, the limits of these bases are affected by the growth of the satellite dimensions, in addition to the number and the complexity of the integrated an-tennas.On the other hand, near field techniques formed a promising solution under the planar range form. These techniques consist of measuring the radiated field near the source and accordingly deduce the far field by the means of mathemati-cal analysis.The purpose of this thesis is to adapt near field techniques for testing telecommunication satel-lites. In fact, these techniques are widelyused for antenna pattern measurements. However, a theoretical development has to be completed and measurement methods need to be proposed for testing all payload parameters. Unfortunately, specific difficulties related to the satellite function (transponder) and the limited access to antennas and satellite electronics have to be taken into account in the implementation of these measurement methodologies.Finally, the near field measurements are affected by many causes of errors. The identification of the error sources and the evaluation of their contribution to the final results constitute an important part of the thesis work. The global study allows dimensioning a complete measurement system with a good optimization.
33

[en] ANALYTICAL METHODS BASED ON PHOTOCHEMICALLY INDUCED FLUORESCENCE: SPECTROFLUORIMETRIC AND CHROMATOGRAPHIC APPLICATIONS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF TETRABENAZINE, AMITRIPTYLINE AND VARENICLINE / [pt] MÉTODOS ANALÍTICOS BASEADOS NA INDUÇÃO FOTOQUÍMICA DE FLUORESCÊNCIA: APLICAÇÕES ESPECTROFLUORIMÉTRICAS E CROMATOGRÁFICAS PARA A DETERMINAÇÃO DE TETRABENAZINA, AMITRIPTILINA E VARENICLINA

27 December 2021 (has links)
[pt] A derivatização fotoquímica foi utilizada para induzir ou amplificar a fluorescência de três substâncias utilizadas como princípios ativos em medicamentos: tetrabenazina (TBZ), amitriptilina (AMT) e vareniclina (VRN). Com o aumento de fluorescência após o tratamento com radiação UV, métodos espectrofluorimétricos foram desenvolvidos para determinar a concentração de TBZ, a AMT e a VRN em medicamentos e em matrizes biológicas. A avaliação da abordagem por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC) com detecção por fluorescência tambme foi avaliada para a AMT e VRN. Para a determinação de TBZ, a irradiação por 60 min em meio de NaOH (0,45 mol L-1) permitiu a sua quantificação espectrofluorimétrica com um limite de detecção (LD) de 1,4 x 10-8 mol L-1 e faixa linear até 1,0 x 10-5 mol L-1. O método espectrofluorimétrico foi aplicado para determinar TBZ no medicamento com recuperações entre 88 e 95%. A TBZ também foi determinada em saliva fortificada com o analito em concentração próxima ao do limite de quantificação (LQ) com recuperações maiores que 87%. Estudos usando espectrometria de massas com desorção de plasma estimulada por uma fonte de 252Cf foram realizados para identificar a estrutura do fotoderivado, indicando a fotólise da TBZ via reação de Norrish tipo I e II. Para a determinação de AMT, duas abordagens de derivatização fotoquímica permitiram determinar a substância por espectrofluorimetria e por HPLC. Para o método espectrofluorimétrico, a derivatização foi realizada expondo ao UV por 60 min uma solução de AMT, preparada em HCl 0,027 mol L-1. A faixa de resposta linear se estendeu até 1,0 x 10-5 mol L-1 de AMT com um LD de 4,8 x 10-8 mol L-1. Na abordagem cromatográfica, o processo de derivatização da AMT foi ajustado utilizando 30 min de UV em tampão fosfato pH 3. O método permitiu um LD de 6,9 x 10-9 mol L-1 com faixa linear até 2,5 x 10-6 mol L-1 de AMT. Os métodos desenvolvidos foram aplicados na determinação de AMT em medicamento e em material de referência farmacopéico com recuperações entre 94 e 105% para o método fluorimétrico e entre 99 e 111% para a abordagem cromatográfica. A aplicação na determinação da AMT em plasma humano fortificado na concentração de 1,0 x 10-6 mol L-1 forneceram resultados aceitáveis. Os fotoderivados fluorescentes foram separados e identificados por GC-MS, sendo proposto um mecanismo de fotólise da AMT. Para a determinação de VRN, a derivatização fotoquímica em meio básico permitiu a determinação da substância por espectrofluorimetria, sendo também avaliada uma abordagem por HPLC. A derivatização da VRN, realizada expondo o analito ao UV por 23 min em solução de NaOH 0,64 mol L-1, permitiu um LD de 1,5 x 10-8 mol L-1 e uma faixa linear até 1,0 x 10-6 mol L-1. As condições de fotoderivatização também foram adaptadas para a determinação cromatográfica do analito, irradiando-o por 10 min em meio de tampão borato (0,01 mol L-1 pH 10). A aplicação na determinação da VRN no medicamento com recuperações entre 93 e 102% foi alcançada. Para todos os métodos desenvolvidos foi realizada uma análise metrológica simplificada contemplando as fontes de incerteza mais relevantes para o processo de medição dos analitos: o preparo de soluções; a repetibilidade; a precisão intermediária e a curva analítica. As incertezas de medição para cada um dos métodos propostos foram estimadas em três concentrações distintas, no início, no meio e no fim da faixa linear. Os resultados obtidos foram entre 5,8 e 36% de incerteza do valor nominal das concentrações próximas ao LQ e entre 3,1 e 16% para as concentrações dentro na faixa linear dos métodos. Em todos os métodos desenvolvidos foram utilizados procedimentos de derivatização seguros, energeticamente eficientes e com redução de uso de solventes e substâncias tóxicas, em concordância com os princípios da química verde. / [en] Photochemical derivatization was employed to induce or amplify the fluorescence from three substances with pharmacological activities: tetrabenazine (TBZ); amitriptyline (AMT) and varenicline (VRN). The substantial fluorescence enhancement after UV irradiation allowed the development of methods based on spectrofluorimetry for TBZ, AMT and VRN. The approach was also evaluated in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorimetric detection for the determination of the concentration AMT and VRN in drugs or in biological matrices. For the determination of TBZ, 60 min of UV irradiation of the analyte prepared in NaOH (0.45 mol L-1) allowed its indirect quantification using spectrofluorimetry, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.4 x 10-8 mol L-1 and a linear response up to 1.0 x 10-5 mol L-1. Pre-concentration using solid phase extraction improved the LOD in one order of magnitude. The spectrofluorimetric method was applied for the determination of TBZ in a commercial drug, with recoveries between 88 and 95%. TBZ was also determined in analyte fortified saliva at a concentration near the limit of quantitation (LOQ) with recoveries greater than 87%. Studies using plasma desorption mass spectrometry with a 252Cf source, indicated that the photoderivatives of TBZ were obtained through a Norrish Type I and II TBZ photolysis. For the determination of AMT, two photochemical derivatization approaches allowed the determination of the substance by spectrofluorimetry. The approach using HPLC coupled to fluorescence detection was also tested. For the spectrofluorimetric method, the derivatization was achieved after 60 min of UV exposure of a solution of AMT prepared in HCl 0.027 mol L-1. The linear response of the method was up to 1.0 x 10-5 mol L-1 of AMT, with a LOD of 4.8 x 10-8 mol L-1. For the chromatographic method, the derivatization process was adjusted (30 min of UV irradiation in phosphate buffer, pH 3) in order to adapt the reaction for HPLC. The method allowed an LOD of 6.0 x10-9 mol L-1 with a linear range up to 2.5 x 10-6 mol L-1 of AMT. The determination of AMT in drugs and in a pharmacopeial reference material was performed, with recoveries between 94 and 105% for the fluorimetric method and between 99 and 111% using HPLC. The analysis of human plasma was also made using AMT (1.0 x 10-6 mol L-1) fortified samples. The fluorescent photoderivatives were separated and identified by GC-MS, which allowed the proposal of a photolysis mechanism of AMT. For the determination of VRN, the photochemical derivatization in basic medium allowed the determination of the substance by spectrofluorimetry. The derivatization of VRN, performed by exposing the analyte to the UV during 23 minutes in NaOH 0.64 mol L-1, allowed a LOD of 1.5 x10-8 mol L-1 and a linear range extending up to 1.0 x10-6 mol L-1. The derivatization condition were also adapted for the determination of the analyte using HPLC with fluorimetric detection, by irradiating VRN for 10 min in borate buffer (0.01 mol L-1 pH 10). Both methods were applied for the determination of VRN in a commercial drug, with recoveries between 93 and 102%. For all the developed methods, a simplified metrological evaluation was performed, considering the most relevant sources of uncertainty during the measurement process of the analytes studied in this thesis: solution preparation, intra and inter-day precision and the analytical curve. The uncertainty sources for each of the proposed methods were estimated in three different concentrations within the linear range. Measurement uncertainty estimations were between 5.8 and 36% of the nominal concentration in the concentrations near the LOQ and between 3.1 and 16% in the concentrations within the linear range of the methods. Safer, energetically efficient procedures with solvent reduction and without the use of toxic reagents were proposed, in agreement to green chemistry principles.
34

[en] PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION METHODOLOGY OF MULTIPHASE FLOW METERS IN ALLOCATION MEASUREMENT IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY / [pt] METODOLOGIA DE VERIFICAÇÃO DE DESEMPENHO DE MEDIDORES DE VAZÃO DE FLUIDO MULTIFÁSICO NA MEDIÇÃO PARA APROPRIAÇÃO NA INDÚSTRIA DE ÓLEO E GÁS NATURAL

LUIZ OCTAVIO VIEIRA PEREIRA 20 February 2019 (has links)
[pt] O medidor de vazão de fluido multifásico (MM) se desenvolveu impulsionado principalmente pela necessidade da indústria de óleo e gás em medir a vazão da produção dos poços que comumente é composta por petróleo, gás e água. Em outubro de 2015, a Agência Nacional de Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis (ANP) publicou o Regulamento Técnico de Medição de Fluido Multifásico para Apropriação de Petróleo, Gás Natural e Água que apresenta os requisitos através de planos que as empresas operadoras de óleo e gás precisam preparar e submeter para obter a autorização para aplicar o MM na medição para apropriação. Contudo, esse regulamento não especifica a metodologia que deve ser utilizada no denominado plano de verificação de desempenho para avaliar desempenho do MM no campo, cabendo a cada operadora desenvolver a sua metodologia para esse fim e apresentar a ANP. Este trabalho propõe e aplica uma metodologia para verificação de desempenho para MM com resultados de testes realizados em laboratório com fluidos reais e em campo de produção de petróleo e gás. É observado que testes com tempo curto de duração, inferior a 1000 segundos, tendem a gerar incertezas mais elevadas do que testes com longa duração, com mais de 1000 segundos, como os realizados na plataforma. Sendo assim, os resultados de incerteza de medição maiores gerados no laboratório com tempos de integração curtos podem ser considerados mais conservativos que os resultados dos testes realizados na plataforma. / [en] The multiphase flowrate (MM) was driven by the necessity of the oil and gas industry to measure the production flow of the wells that are commonly composed of oil, gas and water. In October 2015, the National Agency for Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP) published the Technical Regulation for Measurement of Multiphase Fluid for Petroleum, Natural Gas and Water produced, which presents the requirements through plans that oil and gas companies need to prepare and submit for authorization to apply the MM in the measurement for allocation. However, this regulation does not specify the methodology that should be used in the so-called performance verification plan to evaluate the performance of the MM in the field, it being incumbent on each operator to develop its methodology for this purpose and present the ANP. This work proposes and applies a methodology for performance verification for MM with test results performed in the laboratory with real fluids and in oil and gas field. It was observed that short duration tests, below 1000 seconds, tend to generate higher uncertainties than long tests, higher than 1000 seconds, such as those performed on the platform. Thus, the higher measurement uncertainty results generated in the laboratory with short integration times can be considered more conservative than the results of the tests performed in the platform.
35

Měřící systém pro sledování efektivity fotovoltaického panelu / Measuring system of photovoltaic panels efficiency

Hofman, Jiří January 2010 (has links)
This diploma thesis is focused on development and initial run of a measurement system whose aim is to measure photovoltaic panel efficiency. Experimental photovoltaic panel is installed outside the laboratory. Measurement system consists of the solar radiation measurement module (pyranometer), photovoltaic panel load module (panel power measurement) and panel climate measurement module. Data from measurement module is being captured via control computer for subsequent analysis of panel efficiency and climatic impacts on it.

Page generated in 0.0759 seconds