[pt] Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo sobre os custos que incidem sobre o transporte rodoviário de cargas e como estes determinam o melhor momento econômico para a substituição dos equipamentos de transporte. O problema é relevante para a organização militar, cujo principal objetivo é a execução da logística para o Exército. A modelagem matemática foi baseada na coleta de dados na organização militar e no Sistema Integrado de Administração Financeira do Governo Federal (SIAFI). O desenvolvimento do modelo que inclui equações matemáticas foi amparado pela bibliografia pesquisada e nos dados coletados no sistema federal SIAFI. Para a avaliação dos dados foram utilizadas planilhas eletrônicas do Microsoft Excel para se calcular apropriadamente os resultados. Os veículos considerados são utilizados em cinco grandes eixos de deslocamento dentro do território nacional. Estes veículos foram divididos em quatro categorias de acordo com o peso bruto total. Quando o modelo apresentou médio ou fraco grau de correlação múltipla (R2), outras funções matemáticas foram buscadas para melhorar o grau de correlação. Os resultados são mostrados de modo analítico e por meio de tabelas e gráficos com valores expressos em unidades monetárias em função do tempo de uso dos veículos. / [en] This dissertation presents a study about all the costs that fall upon the freight transportation in order to determine the best economic moment to replace transportation equipments. The problem is relevant to the military organization, whose main objective is the execution of logistics for the Army. The mathematical modeling was based on data collect in the military organization and in the Federal System Financial Administration (SIAFI). The development of the model wich includes mathematical equations was supported by bibliography research and data collected in the SIAFI federal system. For the evaluation of the data has used electronic spread sheets of Microsoft Excel was used for the calculation and the fitting of the results. The vehicles considered are used in five large axels of displacements along the national territory. These vehicles have been divided in four categories according to its total gross weight. When the model presented a medium or weak degree of multiple correlation (R2), others mathematical functions have been searched in order to improve the correlation degree. Results are shown in an analytical way and through tables and graphs wich express values in monetary terms as a time function of use of the vehicles.

This Master´s Thesis focuses on the issue of renewal of fleet in Deblice-lesy, s.r.o. company. The aim of this thesis is selection of suitable semitrailer combination for transportation of long timbers and also selection of truck for transportation of ACTS containers for transportation of firewood, which will correspond to the selected criteria. Selection will be realized by using TOPSIS method. Theoretical part focuses on issues of business in road transport, trucks and combinations in road transport and limits of their dimensions and weights. It also describes some methods of multi-criteria decision making. Practical part focuses directly on selection of suitable semitrailer combination for transportation of long timbers and also selection of truck for transportation of ACTS containers according to the defined criteria. One of the aims is also mapping of the market and choices which exist when selecting combination for transportation of long timbers.