International students generally face unique challenges when studying at university because they have to live in a country that may be completely different to what they are familiar with (Evivie, 2009; Goyol, 2002; Mudhovozi, 2011; Murara, 2011; Zar, 2009). International students in South Africa may face another challenge of being discriminated against by those who hold xenophobic attitudes, this depending on which country they grew up in because of the perception that students from African countries take away limited resources from South African students (Evivie, 2009; Murara, 2011; Weber, 2016; Zar, 2009). These challenges are likely to lead to difficult emotions such as frustration, fear and loneliness, which may likely impact their well-being (Evivie, 2009; Goyol, 2002; Zar,). However, there are resources and strategies in place that the international students can and do utilise in order to protect them against the emotional impact of these experiences (Evivie, 2009; Mudhovozi, 2011). These resources and strategies may come from the international students’ inner world or in their outer environment and they are likely to build and maintain resilience in the international student which may possibly contribute to their on-going well-being (Kumar & Singh, 2014; Masteen & Reed, 2005). Well-being lies at the core of positive psychology and resilience is considered a good indicator of well-being (Pawelski, 2016; Kumar & Singh, 2014; Masteen & Reed, 2005; Seligman, 2011). Although the literature speaks of the experiences of international students and their emotional impact, there is little exploration on these resources that serve as a protector against them and, in turn, positively contribute towards well-being. This study aimed to do so through the positive psychology lens, adopting the qualitative approach and using phenomenology to explore their experiences and understanding of their resilience and its contribution to their well-being. Three participants were interviewed and the data was analysed using the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis procedure. The results show how the international students utilise a wide range of inner and outer resources that speak to their resilience and positively contribute to their on-going well-being, while living and studying in South Africa. / Mini Dissertation (MA (Counselling Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2021. / 2022/12/31 / Psychology / MA (Counselling Psychology) / Unrestricted

This thesis is devoted to the motion of the incompressible and inviscid flow which is ax- isymmetric and swirl-free in a cylinder, where the hydrostatic approximation is made in the axial direction. It addresses the problem of local existence and uniqueness in the spaces of analytic functions for the Cauchy problem for the inviscid primitive equations, also called the hydrostatic incompressible Euler equations, on a cylinder, under some extra conditions. Following the method introduced by Kukavica-Temam-Vicol-Ziane in Int. J. Differ. Equ. 250 (2011) , we use the suitable extension of the Cauchy-Kowalewski theorem to construct locally in time, unique and real-analytic solution, and find the explicit rate of decay of the radius of real-analiticity. Furthermore, this thesis discusses the problem of finite-time blowup of the solution of the system of equations. Following a part of the method introduced by Wong in Proc Am Math Soc. 143 (2015), we prove that the first derivative of the radial velocity blows up in time, using primary functional analysis tools for a certain class of initial data. Taking the solution frozen at r = 0, we can apply an a priori estimate on the second derivative of the pressure term, to derive a Ricatti type inequality. / Graduate

No description available.

This thesis consists of three major essays that respectively investigate three factors that might influence child well-being: family income, family structure, and time spent in child care. Using the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY), the first essay finds that income-based gaps in child health are statistically significant, quantitatively meaningful, and more pronounced as children age. Contrary to previous U.S. evidence, the observed income gradient in child health cannot be attributed to the protective effects of income on the incidence and severity of children’s health problems at birth and chronic conditions. This contrast may reflect the effects of universal health insurance in Canada. An instrumental variable estimator predicts a stronger causal effect of income on child health than does OLS. Also using the NLSCY, the second essay indicates that children persistently living in single-parent families have poorer health and educational outcomes compared to children persistently living in intact families. In addition, children whose parents separate during a given period exhibit worse health and educational outcomes compared to children whose parents remain together. Using a sibling fixed-effect approach substantially reduces the associations between children’s outcomes and parental separation predicted by OLS, but several gaps, especially in mental health, remain statistically significant and quantitatively meaningful. Using time-use data taken from the General Social Survey (GSS), the third essay finds that parental time spent in child care continuously and dramatically increased in Canada between 1986 and 2010. The increase in average time spent in child care applied to all gender and education groups but was associated with a growing dispersion in child care time. While more highly educated parents are more likely to spend time in child care, the education-based gaps in child care time are found to decline. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

No description available.

Yes / Tranquillity trails (TTs) are designed to provide a quiet and peaceful walk through mainly leafy lanes and roads and connect green open spaces where visitors can stop for thought and relaxation. There are numerous health benefits from being in close proximity to nature and TTs can facilitate this contact in mainly urban areas. This study involved the design of a trail in Tramore, a coastal town in south east Ireland. The trail links an old coastguard station, now converted to a cultural centre and coffee shop, with a Japanese garden. The trail includes a coastal path with fine views across a bay, wooded areas as well as leafy residential streets. The design of the trail was facilitated by the use of a previous developed tranquillity rating prediction tool (TRAPT) that involved the estimation of the level of man-made noise and the percentage of natural features in view. Participants who had completed the whole of the trail were encouraged to complete a questionnaire to gauge any benefits. As expected, it was reported that there were increased levels of relaxation and reduced stress. It was concluded that the approach can be used elsewhere to improve the well-being of residents and visitors.

<p>People living in developing countries or undeveloped regions often do not have proper access to quantities of safe, clean water to fulfill their daily needs. Certain members of the families, often women and children, walk miles every day to collect surface waters that are frequently contaminated. To improve water availability and quality, a sustainable mechanical solution to more safely access groundwater has been developed.</p> <p> </p> <p>A well-driving attachment for a PUP (Purdue Utility Project) vehicle provides a low-cost means for installing driven type wells in areas of high to medium water table heights. PUP vehicles have a niche in developing countries, as they offer impressive value and utility in comparison to other powered machines. The vehicles are built and sourced using locally available materials with basic tooling. A hydraulic post driver has been attached to the rear of a PUP frame to serve as an impact mechanism, driving a well point and a series of inter-connecting pipes to serve as a permanent casing for the well. </p> <p> </p> <p>Water wells were tested at four different test sites around central Indiana, with the deepest well reaching 23 feet. This suggests that the Well-Driver PUP can install driven water wells in areas of medium to high water tables and may be suitable for a development setting. Water wells can be installed on a communal basis, thus providing an increased level of hygiene and standards of living. Low-cost driven water wells will provide a drinking water supply that is better protected than a hand-dug well and will reduce the likelihood of disease caused by waterborne pathogens. Development of the Well-Driver PUP prototype and its applications will be discussed.</p>

This dissertation explores whether families of incarcerated fathers are more likely to experience food insecurity as a result of the conviction of the father. More specifically, I test whether food insecurity explains some of the devastating consequences of paternal incarceration on mothers and children. Because children of incarcerated fathers are at higher risk of following their fathers’ footsteps, this cycle of incarceration can be self-perpetuating. I try to determine how policy can be used to break this cycle. This dissertation examines the role of food insecurity in explaining the negative impact of paternal incarceration on the well-being of mothers and children. The United States has experienced a huge prison boom over the last 40 years. A growing proportion of the incarcerated population are parents. Children growing up with one or both parents missing tend to have long-lasting disadvantages. Previous studies have attempted to suggest a few mechanisms through which paternal incarceration has negative consequences for families but has not considered the role of food insecurity. I propose a theoretical framework to show that paternal incarceration negatively affects mothers and children through food insecurity. Using a longitudinal study of fragile families, I find that food insecurity explains some of the negative consequences of paternal incarceration on maternal depression. On the other hand, food insecurity plays no role in the effect of paternal incarceration on child behavior problems. The findings also cast doubt on whether paternal incarceration affects child well-being. The implications for policy are two-fold. First, reducing food insecurity would mitigate the negative effects of paternal incarceration on maternal depression. More research is needed in order to understand whether the negative effects of paternal incarceration on maternal well-being can be further mitigated. Second, prison reform would do little to reduce the behavior problems experienced by children of incarcerated fathers. Rather than incarceration, other factors contributing to social disadvantages could explain why children of incarcerated fathers have more behavior problems than other children.

This dissertation explores whether families of incarcerated fathers are more likely to experience food insecurity as a result of the conviction of the father. More specifically, I test whether food insecurity explains some of the devastating consequences of paternal incarceration on mothers and children. Because children of incarcerated fathers are at higher risk of following their fathers’ footsteps, this cycle of incarceration can be self-perpetuating. I try to determine how policy can be used to break this cycle. This dissertation examines the role of food insecurity in explaining the negative impact of paternal incarceration on the well-being of mothers and children. The United States has experienced a huge prison boom over the last 40 years. A growing proportion of the incarcerated population are parents. Children growing up with one or both parents missing tend to have long-lasting disadvantages. Previous studies have attempted to suggest a few mechanisms through which paternal incarceration has negative consequences for families but has not considered the role of food insecurity. I propose a theoretical framework to show that paternal incarceration negatively affects mothers and children through food insecurity. Using a longitudinal study of fragile families, I find that food insecurity explains some of the negative consequences of paternal incarceration on maternal depression. On the other hand, food insecurity plays no role in the effect of paternal incarceration on child behavior problems. The findings also cast doubt on whether paternal incarceration affects child well-being. The implications for policy are two-fold. First, reducing food insecurity would mitigate the negative effects of paternal incarceration on maternal depression. More research is needed in order to understand whether the negative effects of paternal incarceration on maternal well-being can be further mitigated. Second, prison reform would do little to reduce the behavior problems experienced by children of incarcerated fathers. Rather than incarceration, other factors contributing to social disadvantages could explain why children of incarcerated fathers have more behavior problems than other children.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references and index.