Ray tracing based on geometric optics can be utilized for generating propagation models for arbitrary and complex environments. These methods can be employed to determine important wireless channel characteristics such as path gain and the channel impulse response which in turn can be used to deduce channel capacity. In this thesis, a fully vectorial 3-D ray-tracer is developed. The simulator is applied to study novel wireless systems such as ultra-wideband pulse propagation in complex railway tunnels and MIMO systems employing closely spaced low mutual coupling meta-material antennas. The computational complexity of the ray-tracing algorithm is reduced using optimizations and via the development of a novel hybrid method that combines the efficiency and accuracy of waveguide models with the flexibility of a ray-tracer. The resulting simulator is validated against measured results and demonstrated to show good agreement. Convergence of the solution using the ray-tracing method is also discussed.

Ray tracing based on geometric optics can be utilized for generating propagation models for arbitrary and complex environments. These methods can be employed to determine important wireless channel characteristics such as path gain and the channel impulse response which in turn can be used to deduce channel capacity. In this thesis, a fully vectorial 3-D ray-tracer is developed. The simulator is applied to study novel wireless systems such as ultra-wideband pulse propagation in complex railway tunnels and MIMO systems employing closely spaced low mutual coupling meta-material antennas. The computational complexity of the ray-tracing algorithm is reduced using optimizations and via the development of a novel hybrid method that combines the efficiency and accuracy of waveguide models with the flexibility of a ray-tracer. The resulting simulator is validated against measured results and demonstrated to show good agreement. Convergence of the solution using the ray-tracing method is also discussed.

[pt] Este trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar o canal de radiopropagação móvel a partir de resultados das medições realizadas nas faixas de 2.5 GHz e 3.5 GHz em ambiente urbano. Para alcançar tal objetivo, será utilizada a técnica de sondagem em frequência de multiportadoras, utilizando modulação OFDM e as técnicas de filtragem de perfil de retardos de potência CFAR e/ou CLEAN para identificar os multipercursos válidos. Após o processo de filtragem e processamento dos dados, será feita a comparação dos parâmetros recomendados pela recomendação ITU-R P.1411-6 validando os resultados encontrados e também gerando novos parâmetros nas faixas de 2.5 GHz e 3.5 GHz, dentro das condições de especificações das medições realizadas. / [en] This work aims to characterize the mobile radio propagation channel according to the results of the measurements in the ranges of 2.5 GHz and 3.5 GHz in an urban environment. To achieve this goal, we will use the frequency multicarrier sounding technique, using OFDM modulation and power delay profile (PDP) filtering techniques CFAR and CLEAN to identify valid multipath. After the filtering process, the comparison will be made of the parameters found with the ITU-R P.1411-6 validating the results and also generating new parameters in the ranges of 2.5 GHz and 3.5 GHz, within the terms of specifications of measurements.

Ultra wideband (UWB) systems have the potential for extremely high data rate transmission, accurate ranging and positioning. In order to build systems that realize all the potential of UWB, it is first required to understand LT B propagation and the channel properties arising from the propagation. One of the key objectives of this thesis is to explore the characteristics of the UWB indoor channel. Through extensive time domain measurement, the channel reciprocity, spatial correlation, body shadow effect and temporal variation are investigated. Firstly, the existence of channel reciprocity is verified in both baseband and bandpass channels (from 4 GHz to 8 GHz). and channel reciprocity is demonstrated to be frequency independent and distance independent. Secondly, the spatial correlation is investigated on a two dimensional grid, and has been found to follow the trend of a two dimensional Bessel function as spatial distance increases. Thirdly. the interference of the received power and RMS delay spread due to body shadow effect is studied, indicating that the UWB system is highly robust to body shadowing as compared to narrowband systems. Finally. - extensive measurements of the UWB channel's temporal variation in a modern office building under diversified sets of conditions are conducted. A real time measurement is highly robust, to body shadowing as compared to narrowband systems. Finally. extensive measurements of the UWB channel's temporal variation in a modern office building under diversified sets of conditions are conducted. A real time measurement campaign involving mobile scatterers was performed in a typical office environment, hallway environment and lobby environment, to investigate the signal strength fluctuation, temporal correlation and Doppler spread. The analysis of the measurement results provide useful information for UN B system design. transceiver implementation and performance evaluation. The other goal of the thesis is to demonstrate the implementation of the transmitted reference pulse cluster (TRPC) receiver prototype. This prototype modulates data with binary phase shift keyed pulses. communicates over a wireless link using UWB antennas and a wideband direct conversion front-.end. and samples the auto-correlation output of the received signal for demodulation. Commercial off the shelf components are used to build the receiver, and design con¬siderations are introduced for each part of the receiver in detail.

Au cours des dernières décennies, le monde a subi une révolution majeure qui a profondément affecté comment on utilise les réseaux de communication. De nouveaux services et applications ont été apparus, tels que les réseaux sociaux, les jeux en ligne ou le streaming en direct, qui exigent une augmentation constante de la capacité des systèmes optiques. La motivation de ce travail est donc d'étudier la mise en œuvre d'un nouvel amplificateur SOA à très large bande avec une bande passante de plus de 100 nm afin d’étendre la capacité du système. L'utilisation de l'amplification SOA change complètement le paradigme dans la conception d'un système optique puisque toutes les dégradations ajoutées par la SOA doivent être considérées. Ainsi, la recherche d'un modèle analytique ou numérique capable de caractériser la nature non linéaire de ce dispositif est d'abord étudiée. Ensuite, on montre comment un SOA bien conçu peut non seulement amplifier un signal à large bande, mais également surmonter certains des principaux inconvénients du SOA devant EDFA. Finalement, on évalue la capacité de ce nouveau UWB SOA pour les applications d'interconnexion de centres de données avec deux expériences en transmettant jusqu'à 115 Tbps de données dans une liaison à bande passante continue de 100 nm sur 100 km de fibre et en testant la stabilité du système avec cartes de ligne en temps réelle entre deux points de présence (POP) de Facebook déployés dans la région parisienne / Over the last few decades the world has undergone a major revolution that has deeply affected the way we use communication networks. New services and applications have appeared demanding a constant increase of the channel capacity. In this period, optical systems have been upgraded at pair with advanced signal processing techniques which have permitted the increase of the spectral efficiency approaching the system capacity to the fundamental limit. It is because is becoming extremely challenging to keep growing the system capacity by this means. In this work, an orthogonal direction is studied to further increase the fibre capacity: extending the optical bandwidth. With this purpose, the use of semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) is investigated to be implemented in future ultra-wideband (UWB) systems. The use of SOA amplification changes completely the paradigm in the design of an optical system since all the impairments added by the SOA must be considered. In this work, we assess the reservoir model, a simple yet powerful model, to analyze numerically the nonlinear regime of the SOA for WDM systems. We also show for the first that the linewidth enhancement factor of an SOA can be estimated with a coherent receiver. Finally, it is also studied how the correlation between channels degrades significantly the performance of the SOA and the inclusion of a decorrelation fibre is investigated. The conception of a UWB system is then studied. We characterize a novel ultra-wideband SOA developed by the French project CALIPSO which presents high gain in a 100-nm optical bandwidth with high output saturation power and 6-8 dB of noise figure. We analyze its nonlinear regime for WDM systems and we show for QPSK and 16 QAM modulation formats that the input saturation power can be overtaken by serveral dBs without important nonlinear penalty. On the other hand, a novel technique is studied to compensate fibre nonlinearities in UWB systems: the multicarrier multiplexing, which tries to exploit the concept of symbol rate optimization. Finally, we assess the capabilities of this novel UWB SOA for data-centre interconnection applications with two experiments transmitting up to 113 Tbps data troughput in a 100-nm continuous bandwidth link over 100 km of fibre and then testings is stability with real-time line cards between two points of presence (POP)of Facebook deployed in the Paris area