This study combines Optical Plankton Counter data on zooplankton abundance and Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler data on water currents to test hypotheses about spatial zooplankton distributions near a major point of land affecting local wind and water current patterns. Data were collected by repeatedly sampling a 2 km linear transect in the South Arm of Lake Opeongo, Ontario, Canada during July, 2008. Moving Split Window techniques were used to identify breakpoints in both zooplankton biomass concentration and a measure of water turbulence, and confirmed an effect of the topographic feature on local zooplankton distributions. Using additional data collected in 2001 and 2003, zooplankton abundance distributions were also tested under three wind speed ranges predicted from physical principles to correspond to varying stability of the water column. Significant differences were found in the variability and patch sizes of the distributions, indicating the importance of wind speeds on zooplankton patchiness.

This study combines Optical Plankton Counter data on zooplankton abundance and Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler data on water currents to test hypotheses about spatial zooplankton distributions near a major point of land affecting local wind and water current patterns. Data were collected by repeatedly sampling a 2 km linear transect in the South Arm of Lake Opeongo, Ontario, Canada during July, 2008. Moving Split Window techniques were used to identify breakpoints in both zooplankton biomass concentration and a measure of water turbulence, and confirmed an effect of the topographic feature on local zooplankton distributions. Using additional data collected in 2001 and 2003, zooplankton abundance distributions were also tested under three wind speed ranges predicted from physical principles to correspond to varying stability of the water column. Significant differences were found in the variability and patch sizes of the distributions, indicating the importance of wind speeds on zooplankton patchiness.

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This Thesis is focused on the study of the problem of condensation on the inner surface of Fullrigaren building’s large single pane window. This has serious consequences as water on the floor, corrosion or mould growth. As the climate in Nordic countries is cold for several months a year, windows are a crucial part in building envelopes. Condensation on a window may be suitably discussed only with respect to the climate considered as cold, moderate and warm climates pose different requirements on the windows, and this is why a characterization of Gävle by its climate is necessary. This Thesis will include the energy analysis of the staircase considered which is required to understand the source of the actual problem. Both heat and moisture transfer will be studied. In this purpose, an IDA model will be built to simulate the conditions throughout the year and hand-made calculations will be done for the average and most critical situations. The results show that condensation will already occur for the monthlyaverage conditions having as an additional problem that if temperature drops below zero it will freeze. Results will also be compared to an initial installation of a 2 pane window reaching as a conclusion that its original installation would had avoided the problems for most of the time. The Thesis will end with several proposals posed to solve the problem by either increasing the temperature or reducing the moisture content of the ambient air, and the selection of the best one. The final aim of the Thesis is to achieve an energy efficient window which should provide good lighting during the day and good thermal comfort both during day and night at minimum demand of paid energy. And for this, the selection of the electrically heated window is proposed.

Dans ce mémoire, nous nous intéressons à des algorithmes de sélection de modèles dans un contexte de régression linéaire et logistique. Nous expliquons premièrement les notions de régression linéaire et logistique et deux critères de sélection, AIC et BIC. Ensuite, nous faisons une revue des aspects théoriques des algorithmes les plus connus en détaillant deux d'entre eux, Leaps and Bounds et Occam’s Window. Pour ces deux derniers, nous présentons aussi les détails pratiques des logiciels qui font leur implantation. La partie finale est consacrée à l'étude des trois méthodes de sélection des modèles basées sur les algorithmes Leaps and Bounds, Occam’s Window et sur une combinaison entre les deux, en utilisant la technique du moyennage de modèles. Nous présentons les performances de prédiction calculées à l'aide de la technique de validation croisée et les temps d'exécution de ces trois méthodes pour plusieurs jeux de données. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : sélection de modèles, moyennage de modèles, régression linéaire, régression logistique, AIC, BIC, algorithme Leaps and Bounds, algorithme Occam’s Window, validation croisée.

Co-workers who are physically distributed in the same building often obtain information about others through the windows in office doors. Using the information gathered by looking through the window, they can determine whether it is a good time to initiate a conversation with the occupant. There are, however, two problems with ordinary glass windows. First, there are times when the window does not provide enough information, such as when the occupant is away. Second, there is potential to violate the occupants privacy; as a result of the privacy risk, people often cover their windows entirely. If office windows are to work efficiently as a support for collaboration, there must be a balance between awareness and privacy. In this research, I augmented the functions of a physical office window with a computer-mediated replacement called the Magic Window. The Magic Window collects video of the occupant, mediates the signal in various ways, and then presents the altered view on a screen that replaces the glass window. The Magic Window provides a better balance of awareness and privacy in office settings by allowing occupant to differentiate the amount of awareness information based on the viewer. The Magic Window system was tested in an eight-month field trial. The trial showed that the augmented window did provide a balance of privacy and awareness, and also raised a number of issues that will aid the design of future design of co-present media spaces.

Ethics as a subject is investigated in this paper and in particular how ethics can be analyzed in different organizations. The paper investigates how the generic ethical performance (EPE) evaluation model can help organizations to evaluate their ethical performance. The base for the empirical material is collected through qualitative interviews with staff on four different international organizations. The results proclaim that the EPE model can help organizations to narrow down focus and to categorize results, which help organizations to analyze ethical behavior. If the EPE model is complemented with an improvement model (the Deming cycle) an ethical improvement model is created. Conclusions are that evaluating ethical performance is not simple and the results can be ambiguous. The EPE model should be seen as a tool in generic cases and not as the only way of evaluating ethics. If ethics is processed according to the Deming cycle small steps of continuous improvement should help organizations to improve ethical performance. The more you study something the more you realize the complexity of it. Opening doors to new knowledge is like finding yourself in a labyrinth. Some ways are leading to dead ends and sometime you get lost. But when you have been walking in the labyrinth for a while you tend to recognize how the different paths are connected and a web is revealed. This study reveals a gap between theoretical knowledge and knowledge about how to implement and use theories of ethics in “real life” situations. The paper ends with ideas for future possible research, the Ethical Improvement Model (EIM) created in this paper is brought forward as a suggestion.

After introducing the concept of multiple monitors, which is a computer system with a physically partitioned but virtually contiguous display space (a single computer with many monitors attached), we discuss open Human-Computer Interaction multiple-monitor research areas including window management. We argue to conduct a high-level study of window management practices and a low-level study specifically comparing single-monitor and multiple-monitor window management practices. When combined with other field work on multiple monitors, the studies suggest that there is an increasingly crucial distinction between input focus (where the active window is) and user focus (where the user is actually looking on-screen) since multiple monitors encourage users to display reference information in non-active windows to aid interaction in the active window. To further explore this distinction we constructed three tools: Snip; Snap; and Mudibo. We deployed Snip and Snap in a field study, finding that participants used Snip in many of the ways that we expected though Snap did not appear to be as useful. Results from our follow-up laboratory-based study indicated that Snip can provide multiple-monitor users with dramatic time savings for referencing the snipped windows as compared to regular, overlapping windows. A laboratory-based study of Mudibo, a dialog box placement interface, provided further motivation of the tool and uncovered key interface improvements necessary to make Mudibo suitable for everyday multiple-monitor screen interaction. The findings support the original conclusion about the initial field work, namely that understanding the potentially larger gap between input focus and user focus necessitates appropriately targeted user interface development and evaluation.

The design of multi-dimensional access methods is difficult as compared to those of one-dimensional case because of no total ordering that preserves spatial locality. One way is to look for the total order that preserves spatial proximity at least to some extent. A space-filling curve is a continuous path which passes through every point in a space once so giving a one-to-one correspondence between the coordinates of the points and the 1D-sequence numbers of points on the curve. The Hilbert curve is a famous space filling curve, since it has been shown to have strong locality preserving properties; that is, it is the best space-filling curve in minimizing the number of clusters. Hence, it has been extensively used to maintain spatial locality of multidimensional data in a wide variety of applications. A window query is an important query operation in spatial (image) databases. Given a Hilbert curve, a window query reports its corresponding orders without the need to decode all the points inside this window into the corresponding Hilbert orders. Chung et al. have proposed an algorithm for decomposing a window into the corresponding Hilbert orders. However, the Hilbert curve requires that the region is of size 2^k x 2^k, where k∈N. The intuitive method such as Chung et al.¡¦s algorithm is to directly use Hilbert curves in the decomposed areas and then connect them. They must generate a sequence of the scanned quadrants additionally before encoding and decoding the Hilbert order of one pixel and scan this sequence one time while encoding and decoding one pixel. In this dissertation, on the design of methods for window queries on a Hilbert curve, we propose an efficient algorithm, named as Quad-Splitting, for decomposing a window into the corresponding Hilbert orders on a Hilbert curve without individual sorting and merging steps. The proposed algorithm does not perform individual sorting and merging steps which are needed in Chung et al.¡¦s algorithm. From our experimental results, we show that the Quad-Splitting algorithm outperforms Chung et al.¡¦s algorithm. On the design of the methods for generating the Hilbert curve of an arbitrary-sized image, we propose approximately even partition approach to generate a pseudo Hilbert curve of an arbitrary-sized image. From our experimental results, we show that our proposed pseudo Hilbert curve preserves the similar strong locality property to the Hilbert curve. On the design of the methods for coding Hilbert curve of an arbitrary-sized image, we propose encoding and decoding algorithms. From our experimental results, we show that our encoding and decoding algorithms outperform the Chung et al.¡¦s algorithms.

¡§Time¡¨ is fleeting. People tend to ponder the needs in the present and develop procrastination for the future. Because of these tendencies, researchers in marketing examine topics such as impulsive buying and purchase in advance. For companies, understanding how consumers perceive time differently is beneficial to their promotion strategy development. Previous research has investigated the impacts of temporal distance and time window. Based on these time perspectives, this research incorporates two moderators in influencing consumer behavior: mental simulation and product type. The study uses experimental design to explore the advertising effects and gift coupon redemption. With the manipulation of different time perspectives, two experiments are conducted. Experiment 1 is a 2 (temporal distance: near future vs. distant future) ¡Ñ 2 (mental simulation: process simulation vs. outcome simulation) ¡Ñ 2 (product type: search goods vs. experience goods) factorial design. Experiment 2 is a 2 (time window: short vs. long) ¡Ñ 2 (mental simulation: process simulation vs. outcome simulation) ¡Ñ 2 (product type: search goods vs. experience goods) factorial design. With the eight conditions, the participants¡¦ intention and behavior are assessed. Results indicate that when promoting a search good, outcome simulation presented in the ad is more effective to participants who see the near future than those who see the distant future. However, in the coupon redemption behavior, when redeeming an experience good, there will be interaction effect between time window and mental simulation. When redeeming an experience good under the long time window condition, outcome simulation gets higher redemption rate than process simulation. While under the short time window condition, process simulation enhances higher redemption rate than outcome simulation. The findings provide marketing insights regarding how to frame time and mental simulation differently in the promotions while product type is considered.