Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Thesis. 1977. M.Arch.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography : leaves 228-233. / M.Arch.

This dissertation investigates the different organizational structures of paratransit services that cover large regions. A paratransit service is demand-responsive, shared-ride transit service using vans or small buses. It is characterized by the use of vehicles that do not operate on a fixed route or a fixed schedule. The paratransit route and schedule are arranged from a user-specified origin to a user-specified destination, and at a user-specified time. To retain productivity by focusing on shorter trips within a denser area, some larger systems have outsourced operations to more than one contractor, with each contractor responsible for the service zone to which their vehicles have been assigned. This service design is called a "zonal structure" or a "zoning approach." The zoning with transfer system coordinates vehicles' schedules at various transfer locations. The schedule coordination of inter-zonal mechanisms of transportation likely reduces trip costs by increasing the ridesharing rate and lowering the number of empty return miles. This study first presents the exact formulation for a coordinated decentralized paratransit system in order to compare its productivity and service quality with independent decentralized and centralized strategies. The formulation is then proven to work correctly, and the results of the computational experiments of small scale instances are shown to demonstrate that the proposed coordinated system is superior to independent decentralized systems in terms of passenger miles per vehicle revenue mile. In the second section, this study develops an insertion-based heuristic method in order to compare the performances of different operational designs when applied to a large-scale system. In an experiment utilizing Houston's demand-responsive service data, we compare the productivity and service levels among three organizational structures: zoning with transfer, zoning without transfer, and no-zoning designs. The results indicate that zoning with transfer can provide significant benefits to paratransit operations that manage zoning structure; however, the no-zoning strategy used by Houston METRO (a relatively low-density region) performs better on average in terms of efficiency. This study concludes that the zoning with transfer method can be proven to be a productive organizational structure.

Traditionally, city maps are drafted in two dimensions, on paper and using GIS technology, and specify the placement and boundaries of different zoning districts. Two dimensional maps place limitations on the designer, including, but not limited to, the inability to foresee areas which might be shaded by neighboring buildings. This thesis presents a prototype for a visualization tool to create city maps in three dimensions. Three dimensional city planning can be beneficial because it allows the designer to envision a proposed skyline and balance the positive space of the building mass and the negative space surrounding and in between buildings. This visualization tool allows the city planner to layout a city map using four different zoning districts. Once drafted, the city map is populated with three-dimensional building models representing buildings commonly found in each local zoning district. The purpose of this virtual environment is to help visualize a hypothetical city created under conditions of the proposed city map.

Various activities and phenomenon in environment such as transportation, land resources exploitation and oceanic oil pollution can be analyzed and monitored by using GIS. But those will evolve when time elapses. In order to realize changes and implicit meaning in evolution, we can manage and analyze time-stamping geographic data (spatial-temporal data) in a temporal GIS. It is important to set up a spatial-temporal data model before building a temporal GIS. So, the focus of this research is the design of a relational spatial-temporal data model. The major type of storing time of geographic data in the relational database of a GIS is to stamp each record with time (tuple-timestamping), so this method will be used in this research. The objective of this research is the development of a temporal GIS and makes the track of land use zoning change more convenient. The management and track of change of land use zoning data of Kaoshioung city is the case study in this research. The ArcView 8.x software is used to develop a temporal GIS and spatial data and attribute data will be exported to geodatabase in it. Building spatial-temporal queries with ArcObject is the development of a temporal GIS in this research.

Thesis (M.P.A.)--University of Southern California, 1959. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [44]-50).

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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2009. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iii, 46 p. : col. ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-43).

Thesis (M.A.)--Taiwan sheng li zhong xing da xue. / Reproduced from typescript copy. Bibliography: leave 150-152. Also issued in print.